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Sadraeian M, Maleki R, Moraghebi M, Bahrami A. Phage Display Technology in Biomarker Identification with Emphasis on Non-Cancerous Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:3002. [PMID: 38998954 PMCID: PMC11243120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, phage display technology has become vital in clinical research. It helps create antibodies that can specifically bind to complex antigens, which is crucial for identifying biomarkers and improving diagnostics and treatments. However, existing reviews often overlook its importance in areas outside cancer research. This review aims to fill that gap by explaining the basics of phage display and its applications in detecting and treating various non-cancerous diseases. We focus especially on its role in degenerative diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and chronic non-communicable diseases, showing how it is changing the way we diagnose and treat illnesses. By highlighting important discoveries and future possibilities, we hope to emphasize the significance of phage display in modern healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadraeian
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Reza Maleki
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mahta Moraghebi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Abasalt Bahrami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Kaur S, Verma H, Kaur S, Gangwar P, Yadav A, Yadav B, Rao R, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Understanding the multifaceted role of miRNAs in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:217-237. [PMID: 37505443 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA and mediating its degradation or inhibiting translation. Since miRNAs can regulate the expression of several genes, they have multiple roles to play in biological processes and human diseases. The majority of miRNAs are known to be expressed in the brain and are involved in synaptic functions, thus marking their presence and role in major neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are known to be the major hallmarks. The clearance of Aβ and tau is known to be associated with miRNA dysregulation. In addition, the β-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE 1), which cleaves APP to form Aβ, is also found to be regulated by miRNAs, thus directly affecting Aβ accumulation. Growing evidences suggest that neuroinflammation can be an initial event in AD pathology, and miRNAs have been linked with the regulation of neuroinflammation. Inflammatory disorders have also been associated with AD pathology, and exosomes associated with miRNAs are known to regulate brain inflammation, suggesting for the role of systemic miRNAs in AD pathology. Several miRNAs have been related in AD, years before the clinical symptoms appear, most of which are associated with regulating the cell cycle, immune system, stress responses, cellular senescence, nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling, and synaptic regulation. Phytochemicals, especially polyphenols, alter the expression of various miRNAs by binding to miRNAs or binding to the transcriptional activators of miRNAs, thus control/alter various metabolic pathways. Awing to the sundry biological processes being regulated by miRNAs in the brain and regulation of expression of miRNAs via phytochemicals, miRNAs and the regulatory bioactive phytochemicals can serve as therapeutic agents in the treatment and management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhchain Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhakar Gangwar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Bharti Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Rashmi Rao
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
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Sadlon A, Takousis P, Evangelou E, Prokopenko I, Alexopoulos P, Udeh-Momoh CM, Price G, Middleton L, Perneczky R. Association of Blood MicroRNA Expression and Polymorphisms with Cognitive and Biomarker Changes in Older Adults. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:230-240. [PMID: 38230736 PMCID: PMC10994991 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying individuals before the onset of overt symptoms is key in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES Investigate the use of miRNA as early blood-biomarker of cognitive decline in older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Two observational cohorts (CHARIOT-PRO, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)). PARTICIPANTS 830 individuals without overt clinical symptoms from CHARIOT-PRO and 812 individuals from ADNI. MEASUREMENTS qPCR analysis of a prioritised set of 38 miRNAs in the blood of individuals from CHARIOT-PRO, followed by a brain-specific functional enrichment analysis for the significant miRNAs. In ADNI, genetic association analysis for polymorphisms within the significant miRNAs' genes and CSF levels of phosphorylated-tau, total-tau, amyloid-β42, soluble-TREM2 and BACE1 activity using whole genome sequencing data. Post-hoc analysis using multi-omics datasets. RESULTS Six miRNAs (hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR-144-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-29c-3p and hsa-miR-363-3p) were downregulated in the blood of individuals with low cognitive performance on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The pathway enrichment analysis indicated involvement of apoptosis and inflammation, relevant in early AD stages. Polymorphisms within genes encoding for hsa-miR-29c-3p and hsa-miR-146a-5p were associated with CSF levels of amyloid-β42, soluble-TREM2 and BACE1 activity, and 21 variants were eQTL for hippocampal MIR29C expression. CONCLUSIONS six miRNAs may serve as potential blood biomarker of subclinical cognitive deficits in AD. Polymorphisms within these miRNAs suggest a possible interplay between the amyloid cascade and microglial activation at preclinical stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sadlon
- Prof. Dr. Robert Perneczky, Division of Mental Health of Older Adults, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany, Tel.: +49 89 4400 55772, Fax: +49 89 4400-55448,
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Hao L, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Mao T, Guo J. Role of the RNA-binding protein family in gynecologic cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3799-3821. [PMID: 37693158 PMCID: PMC10492115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers pose a threat to women's health. Although early-stage gynecological cancers show good outcomes after standardized treatment, the prognosis of patients with advanced, met-astatic, and recurrent cancers is poor. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important cellular proteins that interact with RNA through RNA-binding domains and participate extensively in post-transcriptional regulatory processes, such as mRNA alternative splicing, polyadenylation, intracellular localization and stability, and translation. Abnormal RBP expression affects the normal function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in many malignancies, thus leading to the occurrence or progression of cancers. Similarly, RBPs play crucial roles in gynecological carcinogenesis. We summarize the role of RBPs in gynecological malignancies and explore their potential in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. The findings summarized in this review may provide a guide for future research on the functions of RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Hao
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Tiezhu Mao
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
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Guo F, Li H, Wang L, Song X, Wang J, Feng Q, Zong J. Rs6757 in microRNA-3976 binding site of CD147 confers risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in South Chinese population. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:260. [PMID: 35978360 PMCID: PMC9382786 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) overexpression plays a key role in the proliferation, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between rs6757 and the HCC risk in the South Chinese population, and the functional significance of rs6757 by affecting the efficacy of microRNA-3976 (miR-3976) binding to the CD147 3′-UTR. Methods We performed a retrospective case-control study to analyze the association between rs6757 and the risk of HCC. We chose candidate microRNAs with the potential of interacting with rs6757 through a series of silico analyses. A luciferase reporter gene assay was implemented to detect the binding extent of microRNAs to each polymorphic allele of rs6757. Results An obvious association between rs6757 and the risk of HCC was detected in C vs. T (OR = 1.826, 95% CI [1.263–2.642]), CC vs. TT (OR = 4.513, 95% CI [1.510–13.489]), dominant genetic model (OR = 1.824, 95% CI [1.120–2.965]), and recessive genetic model (OR = 3.765, 95% CI [1.286–11.020]). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that miR-3976 binding sites containing the rs6757-T allele had lower free energies than those with the C allele, the lower free energies, the higher affinities. Luciferase activity was remarkably decreased by miR-3976 binding to the CD147 3′-UTR bearing rs6757 T allele, which could be reversed by miR-3976 inhibitors. Furthermore, miR-3976 reduced the luciferase expression in a manner of dose-dependent when cotransfected with constructs with the CD147-TT-pSICHECK2. Conclusions The research we have done suggests that rs6757 confers the CD147 allele-specific translational suppression by miR-3976, which provides a theoretical basis for antineoplastic therapy targeting CD147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Guo
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Haici Hospital, No. 4, Renmin Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Hong Li
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Haici Hospital, No. 4, Renmin Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Haici Hospital, No. 4, Renmin Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Haici Hospital, No. 4, Renmin Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Jiangfeng Wang
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Haici Hospital, No. 4, Renmin Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | | | - Jinbao Zong
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Haici Hospital, No. 4, Renmin Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266034, China.
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Moraghebi M, Negahi AA, Bazireh H, Abbasi H, Ahmadi M, Sarikhani Z, Mousavi P. The Analysis of SNPs' Function in miR-21 and miR146a/b in Multiple Sclerosis and Active Lesions: An In Silico Study. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 16:11779322221116322. [PMID: 35958297 PMCID: PMC9358209 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221116322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous disorder caused by several factors. Studies have recently shown that non-coding RNA such as miRNA could participate in MS initiation, progression, and active lesion. This study aims to theoretically analyze the potential impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on mir-21 and mir-146a/b, which has been previously demonstrated as MS microRNA signature. To fulfill this purpose, the SNPs were investigated for functionality through several online tools, including miRNA-SNP, SNP2-TFBS, RBP-Var, and RNAfold. Furthermore, SNPs of miR-21 and miR-146a/b that exist in pre-miRNA, mature miRNA, and promoter area were extracted; moreover, miRNA and RNA-binding protein interactions were analyzed. This article presented a list of validated SNPs that could affect the expression or function of miR-21 and miR-146a/b for the future practical study of MS and active lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Moraghebi
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Agha Negahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Homa Bazireh
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Department of Bioprocess Engineering, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Division of Medical Genetics, Booali Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Qom, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sarikhani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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