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Cheng C, Xing Z, Zhang W, Zheng L, Zhao H, Zhang X, Ding Y, Qiao T, Li Y, Meyron-Holtz EG, Missirlis F, Fan Z, Li K. Iron regulatory protein 2 contributes to antimicrobial immunity by preserving lysosomal function in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321929121. [PMID: 39047035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321929121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer and Crohn's disease patients develop pyogenic liver abscesses due to failures of immune cells to fight off bacterial infections. Here, we show that mice lacking iron regulatory protein 2 (Irp2), globally (Irp2-/-) or myeloid cell lineage (Lysozyme 2 promoter-driven, LysM)-specifically (Irp2ΔLysM), are highly susceptible to liver abscesses when the intestinal tissue was injured with dextran sodium sulfate treatment. Further studies demonstrated that Irp2 is required for lysosomal acidification and biogenesis, both of which are crucial for bacterial clearance. In Irp2-deficient liver tissue or macrophages, the nuclear location of transcription factor EB (Tfeb) was remarkably reduced, leading to the downregulation of Tfeb target genes that encode critical components for lysosomal biogenesis. Tfeb mislocalization was reversed by hypoxia-inducible factor 2 inhibitor PT2385 and, independently, through inhibition of lactic acid production. These experimental findings were confirmed clinically in patients with Crohn's disease and through bioinformatic searches in databases from Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis biopsies showing loss of IRP2 and transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent lysosomal gene expression. Overall, our study highlights a mechanism whereby Irp2 supports nuclear translocation of Tfeb and lysosomal function, preserving macrophage antimicrobial activity and protecting the liver against invading bacteria during intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Esther G Meyron-Holtz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li K, Luobu G, Wu P, Ciren D, Xiao X, Li K, Li Q. Ameliorating effects of the HIF-2α inhibitor PT2385 on high-altitude polycythemia. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 201:106857. [PMID: 39032535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is a common chronic altitude disease caused by living in low-pressure and low-oxygen environment. At present, there is still no effective cure for HAPC. HIF-2α may play an important role in the development of HAPC in regulating the increased red blood cell excessively induced by HIF-EPO and the blood vessel formation induced by VEGF-VEGFR. Here, we established a rat HAPC model and treated it with the HIF-2α inhibitor PT2385. We mainly evaluated the therapeutic effect of PT2385 on HAPC rats by observing the changes in rat phenotype, tissue and organ damage, red blood cell and hemoglobin content, angiogenesis, lipid peroxidation reaction, and inflammatory factors. The results showed that PT2385 treatment improved the congestion phenotype characteristics, inhibited increased erythrocytes and hemoglobin, reduced blood vessel formation, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation, and reduced tissue and organ damage in HAPC rats. This study preliminarly explains the physiological, pathological, and immunological effects of PT2385 treatment for HAPC. It provides a new idea, a reliable experimental basis, and theoretical support for the clinical prevention and treatment of HAPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Tibet Plateau Medical Research Institute, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Gesang Luobu
- Tibet Plateau Medical Research Institute, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Occupational Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China
| | - Dawa Ciren
- Tibet Plateau Medical Research Institute, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ka Li
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qijie Li
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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3
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Zhao H, Lu Y, Zhang J, Sun Z, Cheng C, Liu Y, Wu L, Zhang M, He W, Hao S, Li K. NCOA4 requires a [3Fe-4S] to sense and maintain the iron homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105612. [PMID: 38159858 PMCID: PMC10831263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
NCOA4 is a selective cargo receptor for ferritinophagy, the autophagic turnover of ferritin (FTH), a process critical for regulating intracellular iron bioavailability. However, how ferritinophagy flux is controlled through NCOA4 in iron-dependent processes needs to be better understood. Here, we show that the C-terminal FTH-binding domain of NCOA4 harbors a [3Fe-4S]-binding site with a stoichiometry of approximately one labile [3Fe-4S] cluster per NCOA4 monomer. By analyzing the interaction between NCOA4 and HERC2 ubiquitin ligase or NCOA4 and FTH, we demonstrate that NCOA4 regulates ferritinophagy by sensing the intracellular iron-sulfur cluster levels. Under iron-repletion conditions, HERC2 recognizes and recruits holo-NCOA4 as a substrate for polyubiquitination and degradation, favoring ferritin iron storage. Under iron-depletion conditions, NCOA4 exists in the form of apo-protein and binds ferritin to promote the occurrence of ferritinophagy and release iron. Thus, we identify an iron-sulfur cluster [3Fe-4S] as a critical cofactor in determining the fate of NCOA4 in favoring iron storage in ferritin or iron release via ferritinophagy and provide a dual mechanism for selective interaction between HERC2 and [3Fe-4S]-NCOA4 for proteasomal degradation or between ferritin and apo-NCOA4 for ferritinophagy in the control of iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijiang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangying Hao
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China.
| | - Kuanyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Liu Y, Li Y, Yang L, Shen J, Zhao H, Dong W, Chang Y, Qiao T, Li K. Stimulation of Hepatic Ferritinophagy Mitigates Irp2 Depletion-Induced Anemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030566. [PMID: 36978814 PMCID: PMC10044941 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) maintain cellular iron homeostasis. Due to aberrant tissue-iron distribution, Irp2-deficient mice suffer microcytic anemia and neurodegeneration, while iron overload occurs in the liver and intestine. We previously found that Irp2 deficiency-induced Hif2 plays an important role in neurodegeneration. Methods: To test the role of Hif2 in Irp2 deficiency-induced anemia, we used Irp2 global knockout mice. Following Hif2 inhibition, routine blood tests, iron availability in bone marrow, histological assays, and biochemical analysis were performed to assess anemia improvement and tissue iron distribution. Results: We found that Hif2 inhibition improved anemia. The increased iron bioavailability for erythropoiesis was mainly derived from hepatic iron release, and secondly from enhanced intestinal absorption. We further demonstrate that nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (Ncoa4) was upregulated for iron release via the process of ferritinophagy. The released iron was utilized not only for intracellular Fe-S biogenesis but also for erythropoiesis after being exported from the liver to circulation. The hepatic iron export reduced hepcidin expression to further support iron absorption through the hepcidin-ferroportin axis to alleviate intestinal iron overload. Conclusion: Irp2 not only regulates cellular iron homeostasis but also tissue iron distribution by managing the involvement of Hif2-Ncoa4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weichen Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence:
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5
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Porras CA, Rouault TA. Iron Homeostasis in the CNS: An Overview of the Pathological Consequences of Iron Metabolism Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094490. [PMID: 35562883 PMCID: PMC9104368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis disruption has increasingly been implicated in various neurological disorders. In this review, we present an overview of our current understanding of iron metabolism in the central nervous system. We examine the consequences of both iron accumulation and deficiency in various disease contexts including neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychological disorders. The history of animal models of iron metabolism misregulation is also discussed followed by a comparison of three patients with a newly discovered neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in iron regulatory protein 2.
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