The Effect of Non-invasive Spinal Cord Stimulation on Anorectal Function in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series

Mapping the Iceberg of Autonomic Recovery: Mechanistic Underpinnings of Neuromodulation following Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury leads to disruption in autonomic control resulting in cardiovascular, bowel, and lower urinary tract dysfunctions, all of which significantly reduce health-related quality of life. Although spinal cord stimulation shows promise for promoting autonomic recovery, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Based on current preclinical and clinical evidence, this narrative review provides the most plausible mechanisms underlying the effects of spinal cord stimulation for autonomic recovery, including activation of the somatoautonomic reflex and induction of neuroplastic changes in the spinal cord. Areas where evidence is limited are highlighted in an effort to guide the scientific community to further explore these mechanisms and advance the clinical translation of spinal cord stimulation for autonomic recovery.

Spinal cord stimulation for postural abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: 1-year prospective pilot study

BACKGROUND

Postural abnormalities (PA) are common in the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), but effective therapies are lacking. A few studies suggested that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) could be a potential therapy whereas its effect is still uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether SCS had potential for benefiting PD patients with PA.

METHODS

T8-12 SCS was operated on six PD patients with PA and all patients were followed for one year. Evaluations were made before and after SCS. Moreover, three patients were tested separately with SCS on-state and off-state to confirm the efficacy of SCS.

RESULTS

Improvements in lateral trunk flexion degree, anterior thoracolumbar flexion degree and motor function were found after SCS. The improvements diminished while SCS was turned off.

CONCLUSIONS

Lower thoracic SCS may be effective for improving PA in PD patients, but further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900024326, Registered on 6th July 2019; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=40835 .

REPORT-SCS: minimum reporting standards for spinal cord stimulation studies in spinal cord injury

Objective.Electrical spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has emerged as a promising therapy for recovery of motor and autonomic dysfunctions following spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite the rise in studies using SCS for SCI complications, there are no standard guidelines for reporting SCS parameters in research publications, making it challenging to compare, interpret or reproduce reported effects across experimental studies.Approach.To develop guidelines for minimum reporting standards for SCS parameters in pre-clinical and clinical SCI research, we gathered an international panel of expert clinicians and scientists. Using a Delphi approach, we developed guideline items and surveyed the panel on their level of agreement for each item.Main results.There was strong agreement on 26 of the 29 items identified for establishing minimum reporting standards for SCS studies. The guidelines encompass three major SCS categories: hardware, configuration and current parameters, and the intervention.Significance.Standardized reporting of stimulation parameters will ensure that SCS studies can be easily analyzed, replicated, and interpreted by the scientific community, thereby expanding the SCS knowledge base and fostering transparency in reporting.

Beyond pediatrics: noninvasive spinal neuromodulation improves motor function in an adult with cerebral palsy

Regaining motor function in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) has been predominantly studied in children, resulting in an underrepresentation of adults in research efforts. We tested the efficacy of noninvasive spinal neuromodulation with neurorehabilitation (Spinal Cord Innovation in Pediatrics; SCiP™ therapy). A 60-year-old CP participant underwent 8 weeks of SCiP™ therapy, resulting in significant motor recovery measured by 14.2-points increase in gross motor function measure (GMFM-88) score, ~ three times the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) of 5-points. This represented gains in kneeling, sitting, and walking functions. The improvement in GMFM-88 score was maintained above the MCID at the follow up visit (10.3 points above the baseline), twenty weeks following the last therapy session, indicating a persistent effect of the therapy. Our preliminary findings support the therapeutic promise of SCiP™ therapy for enhancing motor function in CP adults. Broader investigations are needed to establish its wider applicability.

Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and Multiple Sclerosis-An Updated and Simplified Treatment Algorithm

Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is a common condition in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) or multiple sclerosis (MS). It usually entails constipation, difficult evacuation of the rectum, and fecal incontinence (FI); often in combination. It is highly burdensome for affected patients and is correlated with poor quality of life. The current treatment algorithm, or treatment pyramid, does not completely correspond to actual clinical practice, and the known and classical pyramid contains both treatments still in their experimental stage as well as several treatments which are not available at all treatment centers. Thus, an updated treatment algorithm is called upon, and the authors of this paper therefore propose a simplified version of the treatment pyramid, aiming to guide clinicians in treating NBD.