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Ryvkin J, Omesi L, Kim YK, Levi M, Pozeilov H, Barak-Buchris L, Agranovich B, Abramovich I, Gottlieb E, Jacob A, Nässel DR, Heberlein U, Shohat-Ophir G. Failure to mate enhances investment in behaviors that may promote mating reward and impairs the ability to cope with stressors via a subpopulation of Neuropeptide F receptor neurons. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011054. [PMID: 38236837 PMCID: PMC10795991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Living in dynamic environments such as the social domain, where interaction with others determines the reproductive success of individuals, requires the ability to recognize opportunities to obtain natural rewards and cope with challenges that are associated with achieving them. As such, actions that promote survival and reproduction are reinforced by the brain reward system, whereas coping with the challenges associated with obtaining these rewards is mediated by stress-response pathways, the activation of which can impair health and shorten lifespan. While much research has been devoted to understanding mechanisms underlying the way by which natural rewards are processed by the reward system, less attention has been given to the consequences of failure to obtain a desirable reward. As a model system to study the impact of failure to obtain a natural reward, we used the well-established courtship suppression paradigm in Drosophila melanogaster as means to induce repeated failures to obtain sexual reward in male flies. We discovered that beyond the known reduction in courtship actions caused by interaction with non-receptive females, repeated failures to mate induce a stress response characterized by persistent motivation to obtain the sexual reward, reduced male-male social interaction, and enhanced aggression. This frustrative-like state caused by the conflict between high motivation to obtain sexual reward and the inability to fulfill their mating drive impairs the capacity of rejected males to tolerate stressors such as starvation and oxidative stress. We further show that sensitivity to starvation and enhanced social arousal is mediated by the disinhibition of a small population of neurons that express receptors for the fly homologue of neuropeptide Y. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the existence of social stress in flies and offers a framework to study mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between reward, stress, and reproduction in a simple nervous system that is highly amenable to genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ryvkin
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liora Omesi
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yong-Kyu Kim
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mali Levi
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadar Pozeilov
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lital Barak-Buchris
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Bella Agranovich
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Jacob
- The Kanbar scientific equipment center. The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dick R. Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Heberlein
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Galit Shohat-Ophir
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Adhikari A. Endocannabinoids modulate fear extinction controlled by a cortical-amygdala projection. Neuron 2023; 111:2948-2950. [PMID: 37797579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The projection from the medial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala is a key node in fear extinction. In this issue of Neuron, Gunduz-Cinar et al.1 show that extinction induction by this projection requires recruitment of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Adhikari
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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