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Odell SR, Clark D, Zito N, Jain R, Gong H, Warnock K, Carrion-Lopez R, Maixner C, Prieto-Godino L, Mathew D. Internal state affects local neuron function in an early sensory processing center to shape olfactory behavior in Drosophila larvae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15767. [PMID: 36131078 PMCID: PMC9492728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crawling insects, when starved, tend to have fewer head wavings and travel in straighter tracks in search of food. We used the Drosophila melanogaster larva to investigate whether this flexibility in the insect's navigation strategy arises during early olfactory processing and, if so, how. We demonstrate a critical role for Keystone-LN, an inhibitory local neuron in the antennal lobe, in implementing head-sweep behavior. Keystone-LN responds to odor stimuli, and its inhibitory output is required for a larva to successfully navigate attractive and aversive odor gradients. We show that insulin signaling in Keystone-LN likely mediates the starvation-dependent changes in head-sweep magnitude, shaping the larva's odor-guided movement. Our findings demonstrate how flexibility in an insect's navigation strategy can arise from context-dependent modulation of inhibitory neurons in an early sensory processing center. They raise new questions about modulating a circuit's inhibitory output to implement changes in a goal-directed movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth R Odell
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - David Clark
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Nicholas Zito
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Roshni Jain
- Molecular Biosciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Hui Gong
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kendall Warnock
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | | | - Coral Maixner
- NSF-REU (BioSoRo) Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | | | - Dennis Mathew
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
- Molecular Biosciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
- NSF-REU (BioSoRo) Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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Himmel NJ, Letcher JM, Sakurai A, Gray TR, Benson MN, Cox DN. Drosophila menthol sensitivity and the Precambrian origins of transient receptor potential-dependent chemosensation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190369. [PMID: 31544603 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are highly conserved, polymodal sensors which respond to a wide variety of stimuli. Perhaps most notably, TRP channels serve critical functions in nociception and pain. A growing body of evidence suggests that transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) and transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) thermal and electrophile sensitivities predate the protostome-deuterostome split (greater than 550 Ma). However, TRPM and TRPA channels are also thought to detect modified terpenes (e.g. menthol). Although terpenoids like menthol are thought to be aversive and/or harmful to insects, mechanistic sensitivity studies have been largely restricted to chordates. Furthermore, it is unknown if TRP-menthol sensing is as ancient as thermal and/or electrophile sensitivity. Combining genetic, optical, electrophysiological, behavioural and phylogenetic approaches, we tested the hypothesis that insect TRP channels play a conserved role in menthol sensing. We found that topical application of menthol to Drosophila melanogaster larvae elicits a Trpm- and TrpA1-dependent nocifensive rolling behaviour, which requires activation of Class IV nociceptor neurons. Further, in characterizing the evolution of TRP channels, we put forth the hypotheses that three previously undescribed TRPM channel clades (basal, αTRPM and βTRPM), as well as TRPs with residues critical for menthol sensing, were present in ancestral bilaterians. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Himmel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Jamin M Letcher
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Akira Sakurai
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Thomas R Gray
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Maggie N Benson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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Kilani-Morakchi S, Bezzar-Bendjazia R, Ferdenache M, Aribi N. Preimaginal exposure to azadirachtin affects food selection and digestive enzymes in adults of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 140:58-64. [PMID: 28755695 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the plant derived product, azadirachtin, a neem-based insecticide, is exceptional in having a broad range of bioactivity including toxicity, growth, development and reproduction effects, repellency and antifeedancy. If considerable progress on the physiological and biological activities and agricultural application of azadirachtin has been achieved, its exact mechanism of action remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed at assessing the lethal and sublethal behavioral and physiological effects of azadirachtin on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) as biological model. Azadirachtin was applied topically at two doses LD25 (0.28μg) and LD50 (0.67μg) on early third instar larvae. Results showed that flies preferentially ingested control medium rather than azadirachtin-treated medium. Pre-imaginal exposure (L3) to azadirachtin increased aversion to this substance suggesting a memorability of the learned avoidance. In addition, all tested flies revealed a clear preference for solvent odour rather than azadirachtin odour. Moreover, azadirachtin treatment decreased significantly the amount of food intake in the adults of both sexes. Finally, azadirachtin was found to affect digestive enzyme activities in the midgut of flies. Indeed, an inhibition of α-amylase, chitinase, and protease activities and an increase of lipasic activity were noted. These results may reflect interference of azadirachtin with regulation of feeding and metabolism, and provide some evidence of a long term antifeedancy and delayed effects through developmental stage which may reinforce the insecticidal activity of this bioinsecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Kilani-Morakchi
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Radia Bezzar-Bendjazia
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Maroua Ferdenache
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Nadia Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
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Trajković J, Miličić D, Savić T, Pavković-Lučić S. Sexual selection, sexual isolation and pheromones in Drosophila melanogaster strains after long-term maintaining on different diets. Behav Processes 2017; 140:81-86. [PMID: 28419833 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of reproductive isolation may be a consequence of a variety of signals used in courtship and mate preferences. Pheromones play an important role in both sexual selection and sexual isolation. The abundance of pheromones in Drosophila melanogaster may depend on different environmental factors, including diet. The aim of this study was to ascertain to which degree principal pheromones affect sexual selection in D. melanogaster. We used D. melanogaster strains reared for 14 years on four substrates: standard cornmeal substrate and those containing tomato, banana and carrot. We have previously determined that long-term maintaining of these dietary strains resulted in differences in their cuticular hydrocarbons profile (CHs). In this work, we have tested the level of sexual selection and sexual isolation between aforementioned strains. We found that the high levels of cis-vaccenyl acetate, 7-pentacosene and 7,11-nonacosadiene in the strain reared on a substrate containing carrot affected the individual attractiveness and influenced sexual isolation between flies of this strain and flies reared on a substrate containing banana. Based on these results, long-term different diets, may contribute, to sexual behaviour of D. melanogaster via the effects of principal pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Trajković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragana Miličić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Savić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sofija Pavković-Lučić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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