Regulation and targeting of enzymes mediating Parkinson's disease pathogenesis: focus on Parkinson's disease kinases, GTPases, and ATPases

C.el Phosphatome: A Catalogue of Actual and Pseudo Phosphatases Based on In-Silico Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans

Phosphatases are well known to carry out important functions via counter activity of kinases and they serve as mechanism for dephosphorylating the monophosphate esters from the phosphorylated serine, threonine, tyrosine and histidine residues. The biological relevance of phosphatases could be explored further employing newer technologies and models. Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful genetic model system that bears significant homology with humans, hence providing with a precious tool towards studying important signalling pathways. We carried out the present study to catalogue the C. elegans protein phosphatome, referred here as 'C.el phosphatome' and annotated the corresponding dataset. We further classified these phosphatases based on presence of catalytic conserved motif; GDxHG, GDxVDRG, GNHE, RxxD, DGxxG, DG, GxxDN for Ser/Thr phosphatases, HC(x)5 R for tyrosine phosphatases and DxDxT/V for aspartate based phosphatases. Bioinformatics tool DAVID was employed to decipher the biological relevance of phosphatases. Our findings show Ser/Thr phosphatases (114), Tyr phosphatases (121) and Asp phosphatases (0) in C. elegans genome based on the hallmark sequence identification. Amongst them, 34 and 57 Ser/Thr and Tyr phosphatases respectively contain the catalytic motif. This catalogue offers a precious tool for further studies towards understanding important biological processes and disease conditions.