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Potočnik T, Maček Lebar A, Kos Š, Reberšek M, Pirc E, Serša G, Miklavčič D. Effect of Experimental Electrical and Biological Parameters on Gene Transfer by Electroporation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122700. [PMID: 36559197 PMCID: PMC9786189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms of nucleic acid (NA) delivery with gene electrotransfer (GET) are still unknown, which represents a limitation for its broader use. Further, not knowing the effects that different experimental electrical and biological parameters have on GET additionally hinders GET optimization, resulting in the majority of research being performed using a trial-and-error approach. To explore the current state of knowledge, we conducted a systematic literature review of GET papers in in vitro conditions and performed meta-analyses of the reported GET efficiency. For now, there is no universal GET strategy that would be appropriate for all experimental aims. Apart from the availability of the required electroporation device and electrodes, the choice of an optimal GET approach depends on parameters such as the electroporation medium; type and origin of cells; and the size, concentration, promoter, and type of the NA to be transfected. Equally important are appropriate controls and the measurement or evaluation of the output pulses to allow a fair and unbiased evaluation of the experimental results. Since many experimental electrical and biological parameters can affect GET, it is important that all used parameters are adequately reported to enable the comparison of results, as well as potentially faster and more efficient experiment planning and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Potočnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Maček Lebar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Kos
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Reberšek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Pirc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Serša
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Spencer A, Yu L, Guili V, Reynaud F, Ding Y, Ma J, Jullien J, Koubi D, Gauthier E, Cluet D, Falk J, Castellani V, Yuan C, Rudkin BB. Nerve Growth Factor Signaling from Membrane Microdomains to the Nucleus: Differential Regulation by Caveolins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E693. [PMID: 28338624 PMCID: PMC5412279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains or "lipid rafts" have emerged as essential functional modules of the cell, critical for the regulation of growth factor receptor-mediated responses. Herein we describe the dichotomy between caveolin-1 and caveolin-2, structural and regulatory components of microdomains, in modulating proliferation and differentiation. Caveolin-2 potentiates while caveolin-1 inhibits nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling and subsequent cell differentiation. Caveolin-2 does not appear to impair NGF receptor trafficking but elicits prolonged and stronger activation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), Rsk2 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2), and CREB (cAMP response element binding protein). In contrast, caveolin-1 does not alter initiation of the NGF signaling pathway activation; rather, it acts, at least in part, by sequestering the cognate receptors, TrkA and p75NTR, at the plasma membrane, together with the phosphorylated form of the downstream effector Rsk2, which ultimately prevents CREB phosphorylation. The non-phosphorylatable caveolin-1 serine 80 mutant (S80V), no longer inhibits TrkA trafficking or subsequent CREB phosphorylation. MC192, a monoclonal antibody towards p75NTR that does not block NGF binding, prevents exit of both NGF receptors (TrkA and p75NTR) from lipid rafts. The results presented herein underline the role of caveolin and receptor signaling complex interplay in the context of neuronal development and tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Caveolin 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Caveolin 1/genetics
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Caveolin 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Caveolin 2/genetics
- Caveolin 2/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Mice
- Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins
- PC12 Cells
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Binding
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptor, trkA/chemistry
- Receptor, trkA/immunology
- Receptor, trkA/metabolism
- Receptors, Growth Factor
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Spencer
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Lingli Yu
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Vincent Guili
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Florie Reynaud
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CGphiMC UMR5534, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Yindi Ding
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Ji Ma
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Jérôme Jullien
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - David Koubi
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Emmanuel Gauthier
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - David Cluet
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Julien Falk
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CGphiMC UMR5534, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Valérie Castellani
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CGphiMC UMR5534, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Chonggang Yuan
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Brian B Rudkin
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France.
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