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The Role of Connexin in Ophthalmic Neovascularization and the Interaction between Connexin and Proangiogenic Factors. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:8105229. [PMID: 35783340 PMCID: PMC9242797 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels is an important physiological process that occurs during development. When the body is injured, new blood vessel formation helps the body recuperate by supplying more oxygen and nutrients. However, this mechanism can have a negative effect. In ophthalmologic diseases, such as corneal new blood vessels, neonatal vascular glaucoma, and diabetes retinopathy, the formation of new blood vessels has become a critical component in patient survival. Connexin is a protein that regulates the cellular and molecular material carried by cells. It has been demonstrated that it is widely expressed in vascular endothelial cells, where it forms a slit connection between adjacent cells to promote cell-cell communication via hemichannels, as well as substance exchange into intracellular environments. Numerous studies have demonstrated that connexin in vascular endothelial cells plays an important role in angiogenesis and vascular leakage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect between the angiogenesis-associated factor and the connexin. It also reveals the effect of connexin on ophthalmic neovascularization.
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Li D, Zhang Z, Xia C, Niu C, Zhou W. Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma Microenvironment and Angiogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:763610. [PMID: 34803608 PMCID: PMC8595242 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.763610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, especially glioblastoma, is the most common and lethal brain tumor. In line with the complicated vascularization processes and the strong intratumoral heterogeneity, tumor-associated blood vessels in glioma are regulated by multiple types of cells through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Components of the tumor microenvironment, including tumor cells and tumor-associated stromata, produce various types of molecular mediators to regulate glioma angiogenesis. As critical regulatory molecules, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) inside cells or secreted to the tumor microenvironment play essential roles in glioma angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies about the production, delivery, and functions of ncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of angiogenesis by ncRNAs. We also discuss the ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies in the anti-angiogenic therapy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Li
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengyu Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Sun X, Dai M, Liu X, Wang H, Wang C, Fan X, Fang W. Hsa_circ_0090002 regulates miR-186-5p/HECTD1 axis to mediate brain microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction. Brain Res Bull 2021; 178:97-107. [PMID: 34801649 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic injury is a common nervous disease associated with the dysfunction of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have key roles in ischemic injury. This research aims to investigate the role and mechanism of circ_0090002 in ischemic injury. METHODS HBMECs were stimulated by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Circ_0090002, microRNA-186-5p (miR-186-5p), and homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus domain E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HECTD1) levels were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blotting. Cell viability and migration were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and wound healing assay. Flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay were used for apoptosis analysis. The oxidative injury and cell toxicity were assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay kits, respectively. The interaction was investigated by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays. In vivo assay was performed in rats. RESULTS Circ_0090002 expression was reduced in OGD-stimulated HBMECs. Circ_0090002 overexpression attenuated OGD-induced reduction of cell viability and migration but elevation of apoptosis, oxidative stress and cell toxicity. Circ_0090002 sponged miR-186-5p and miR-186-5p overexpression reversed the protective role of circ_0090002 against the OGD-induced cell injury. MiR-186-5p targeted HECTD1miR-186-5p knockdown mitigated cell damages in by increasing HECTD1 level in OGD-treated HBMECs. Circ_0090002 could upregulate the HECTD1 expression via regulating miR-186-5p. Circ_0090002 inhibited infarct volume of brain in rats. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that circ_0090002 mitigated OGD-induced cell dysfunction in HBMECs by targeting the miR-186-5p/HECTD1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Sun
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Mingying Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chuanlei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China.
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Sui S, Yu H, Wang X, Wang W, Yang X, Pan X, Zhou Q, Xin C, Du R, Wu S, Zhang J, Cao Q, Wang N, Kuehn MH, Zhu W. iPSC-Derived Trabecular Meshwork Cells Stimulate Endogenous TM Cell Division Through Gap Junction in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:28. [PMID: 34427623 PMCID: PMC8399400 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Decreased trabecular meshwork (TM) cellularity has been implicated as a major reason for TM dysfunction and aqueous humor (AH) outflow abnormalities in primary open angle glaucoma. We previously found that transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived TM cells can restore TM function and stimulate endogenous TM cell division. The goal of the present study is to investigate whether signaling via gap junctions is involved in this process. Methods Differentiated iPSCs were characterized morphologically, transcriptionally, and immunohistochemically. After purification, iPSC-TM were co-cultured with mouse TM (MTM) cells to mimic the transplantation procedure. Through the pharmacological antagonists and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technique, the gap junction function in iPSC-based therapy was determined. Results In the co-culture system, iPSC-TM increase MTM cell division as well as transfer of Ca2+ to MTM. This effect was blocked by treatment with the gap junction inhibitors carbenoxolone (CBX) or flufenamic acid (FFA). The shRNA mediated knock down of connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in iPSC-TM also results in decreased Ca2+ transfer and lower MTM proliferation rates. In vivo, Cx43 downregulation in transplanted iPSC-TM weakened their regenerative role in an Ad5.myocilinY437H mouse model of glaucoma. Mice receiving these cells exhibited lower TM cellularity and higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than those receiving unmodified iPSC-TM. Conclusions Our findings reveal a crucial role of gap junction, especially Cx43, in iPSC-based TM regeneration, and provides insights to enhance the regenerative effect of iPSCs in glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangru Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangji Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Xin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Du
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Markus H Kuehn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing University & Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Indari O, Chandramohanadas R, Jha HC. Epstein-Barr virus infection modulates blood-brain barrier cells and its co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum induces RBC adhesion. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:ftaa080. [PMID: 33355336 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection-mediated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is well established in malaria-endemic countries. We hypothesize that, during malaria onset, the reactivated EBV can infect human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBECs). This may cause severe cerebral manifestations. We infected HBECs with EBV in vitro. The subsequent gene expression pattern of EBV, inflammatory and endothelial markers was analysed using qRT-PCR. Further, a wound-healing assay for cells maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was performed to investigate the effect of EBV-infected HBECs secretions. The RBC adhesion assay was conducted to assess RBC attachment onto HBECs during EBV and P. falciparum mono- and co-infection. Our experiments revealed that EBV infection of HBECs significantly elevated several inflammatory (TNFα, CCL2) and endothelial (integrin β3, PECAM, VEGFA, VWF, claudin-5, cx37) markers. The EBV-infected HBECs secretion significantly reduced migration of HBECs, glial and neuronal cells. Additionally, EBV-P. falciparum co-infection significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced RBC adhesion to HBECs compared to mono-infection scenarios. Conclusively, the EBV infection of HBECs led to endothelial activation and modulated the BBB microenvironment. The EBV-P. falciparum co-infection scenario increased RBC adhesion on ECs which is a hallmark of cerebral malaria. Together with malaria, EBV infection can aid in exacerbation of cerebral malaria pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Indari
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rajesh Chandramohanadas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
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Kong L, Wu P, Li J. miR-331 inhibits CLDN2 expression and may alleviate the vascular endothelial injury induced by sepsis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1343-1352. [PMID: 32742369 PMCID: PMC7388277 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the expression level of claudin-2 (CLDN2) in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis, and to investigate its potential function and mechanism of action in vascular endothelial injury. A total of 25 patients with sepsis were included in the present study. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to determine CLDN2 levels in peripheral blood. HUVECs stably expressing CLDN2 were prepared and Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and Transwell assays were performed to study the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of HUVECs, respectively. Using bioinformatics, microRNA (miR) molecules that interact with CLDN2 were predicted. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to test whether miR-331 regulated CLDN2. Western blotting was employed to determine CLDN2 protein expression. In addition, in vitro transfection of HUVECs with miR-331 mimics was performed to test the rescue effects of miR-331 on the cell function changes induced by CLDN2. The results indicated that elevated CLDN2 expression altered the proliferation and cell cycle of peripheral vascular endothelial cells. CLDN2 overexpression inhibited HUVEC proliferation via mechanisms not associated with the cell cycle. CLDN2 mRNA levels in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. Upregulated CLDN2 expression promoted the apoptosis of HUVECs, but reduced their proliferation and migration. Notably, miR-331 was able to bind with CLDN2 mRNA and regulate its expression. Upregulation of miR-331 expression inhibited the expression of CLDN2 and restored nearly normal proliferation, apoptosis and migration to HUVECs. The present study demonstrated that CLDN2 expression is elevated in peripheral blood from patients with sepsis, and promotes the injury of vascular endothelial cells. In addition, miR-331 participates in the direct regulation of CLDN2, and upregulation of miR-331 expression inhibits the expression of CLDN2 and restores cellular functions to HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
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Buruiană A, Florian ȘI, Florian AI, Timiș TL, Mihu CM, Miclăuș M, Oșan S, Hrapșa I, Cataniciu RC, Farcaș M, Șușman S. The Roles of miRNA in Glioblastoma Tumor Cell Communication: Diplomatic and Aggressive Negotiations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061950. [PMID: 32178454 PMCID: PMC7139390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) consists of a heterogeneous collection of competing cellular clones which communicate with each other and with the tumor microenvironment (TME). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) present various exchange mechanisms: free miRNA, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or gap junctions (GJs). GBM cells transfer miR-4519 and miR-5096 to astrocytes through GJs. Oligodendrocytes located in the invasion front present high levels of miR-219-5p, miR-219-2-3p, and miR-338-3p, all related to their differentiation. There is a reciprocal exchange between GBM cells and endothelial cells (ECs) as miR-5096 promotes angiogenesis after being transferred into ECs, whereas miR-145-5p acts as a tumor suppressor. In glioma stem cells (GSCs), miR-1587 and miR-3620-5p increase the proliferation and miR-1587 inhibits the hormone receptor co-repressor-1 (NCOR1) after EVs transfers. GBM-derived EVs carry miR-21 and miR-451 that are up-taken by microglia and monocytes/macrophages, promoting their proliferation. Macrophages release EVs enriched in miR-21 that are transferred to glioma cells. This bidirectional miR-21 exchange increases STAT3 activity in GBM cells and macrophages, promoting invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to treatment. miR-1238 is upregulated in resistant GBM clones and their EVs, conferring resistance to adjacent cells via the CAV1/EGFR signaling pathway. Decrypting these mechanisms could lead to a better patient stratification and the development of novel target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Buruiană
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Ștefan Ioan Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.I.F.); (A.I.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency County Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Ioan Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.I.F.); (A.I.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency County Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora-Larisa Timiș
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Miclăuș
- Department of Medical Genetics, Emergency Hospital for Children, 68 Moților Street, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Oșan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Iona Hrapșa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Radu Constantin Cataniciu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Marius Farcaș
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
- Department of Genetics, IMOGEN Research Center, Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Șușman
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, IMOGEN Research Center, Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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