Daytime Restricted Feeding Affects Day-Night Variations in Mouse Cerebellar Proteome

Daytime-Restricted Feeding Alleviates D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Mice and Regulates the AMPK and mTORC1 Activities

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a distinct regimen of intermittent fasting advocated for health improving. Although nighttime TRF (NRF) in rodents is analogous to daytime TRF (DRF) in humans and has health benefits, the effects of DRF on rodent's health remain uncertain. The adverse health effects of DRF in rodents are primarily attributed to its implementation-induced temporal shift in the expression of circadian rhythm-related genes. However, studies also demonstrate the health-beneficial effect of restricted feeding itself on metabolic homeostasis, particularly in periphery tissues. Moreover, the direct effects of DRF on aging progression in rodents are underexplored, highlighting a gap in current research. To explore the overall health effects of long-term DRF in rodents, especially its influence on aging progression, we investigated the impact of long-term DRF on mice under a progeric aging condition. Results showed that both 4-h and 8-h DRF regimens exerted positive effects on aging retardation; these effects were manifested as improved physical and memory capacities, enhanced liver and kidney functions, and reduced oxidative damage and inflammatory response. These DRF regimens also lowered the manifestation of aging-related markers in peripheral tissues, with decreased SA-β-gal staining and p16 expression. Mechanistically, DRF regimens, especially DRF8, upregulated AMPK signaling and downregulated mTORC1 signaling. Interestingly, the health benefits of DRF are similar to those of metformin intervention. In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that DRF effectively counteracts oxidative stress-induced aging progression in mice, supporting the viewpoint that TRF as a promising strategy for preventing aging and aging-related disorders.

Characterization and Duodenal Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Beef Cattle With Divergent Feed Efficiency Using RNA-Seq

Residual feed intake (RFI) is an important measure of feed efficiency for agricultural animals. Factors associated with cattle RFI include physiology, dietary factors, and the environment. However, a precise genetic mechanism underlying cattle RFI variations in duodenal tissue is currently unavailable. The present study aimed to identify the key genes and functional pathways contributing to variance in cattle RFI phenotypes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Six bulls with extremely high or low RFIs were selected for detecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq, followed by conducting GO, KEGG enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and co-expression network (WGCNA, n = 10) analysis. A total of 380 differentially expressed genes was obtained from high and low RFI groups, including genes related to energy metabolism (ALDOA, HADHB, INPPL1), mitochondrial function (NDUFS1, RFN4, CUL1), and feed intake behavior (CCK). Two key sub-networks and 26 key genes were detected using GO analysis of DEGs and PPI analysis, such as TPM1 and TPM2, which are involved in mitochondrial pathways and protein synthesis. Through WGCNA, a gene network was built, and genes were sorted into 27 modules, among which the blue (r = 0.72, p = 0.03) and salmon modules (r = -0.87, p = 0.002) were most closely related with RFI. DEGs and genes from the main sub-networks and closely related modules were largely involved in metabolism; oxidative phosphorylation; glucagon, ribosome, and N-glycan biosynthesis, and the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Through WGCNA, five key genes, including FN1 and TPM2, associated with the biological regulation of oxidative processes and skeletal muscle development were identified. Taken together, our data suggest that the duodenum has specific biological functions in regulating feed intake. Our findings provide broad-scale perspectives for identifying potential pathways and key genes involved in the regulation of feed efficiency in beef cattle.