1
|
Zhang H, Niu Y, Yuan P, Liu W, Zhu W, Sun J. Neuroligin1 in excitatory synapses contributes to long-term cognitive impairments after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114755. [PMID: 38493982 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated sevoflurane exposures in neonatal rats may lead to neuronal apoptosis affecting long-term cognitive function, the mechanism is unknown. Neuroligin1 (NL1) is essential for normal excitatory transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of intact animals. Herein, we explore the role of NL1 in hippocampal excitatory synapses on long-term cognitive impairments induced by repeated sevoflurane exposures in neonatal rats. METHODS From postnatal day six (P6) to P8, neonatal rats were exposed to 30% oxygen or 3% sevoflurane +30% oxygen for 2 h daily. Rats from each litter were randomly assigned to five groups: control group (Con), native control adeno-associated virus (NC-AAV) group (Con + NC-AAV), sevoflurane group (Sev), sevoflurane + recombinant RNAi adeno-associated virus targeting NL1 downregulation (NL1--AAV) group (Sev + NL1--AAV) and control + recombinant RNAi adeno-associated virus targeting NL1 upregulation (NL1+-AAV) group (Con + NL1+-AAV). Animals were injected with NC-AAV or NL1-AAV into the bilateral hippocampal CA1 area and caged on P21. From P35 to P40, behavioral tests including open field (OF), novel object recognition (NOR), and fear conditioning (FC) tests were performed to assess cognitive function in adolescent rats. In another experiment, rat brains were harvested for immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We found that the mRNA and protein levels of NL1 were substantially higher in the Sev group than in the Con group. Immunofluorescence showed that NL1 and PSD95 were highly colocalized in hippocampal CA1 area and vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT) around neurons decreased after repeated sevoflurane exposures. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that the amount of PSD95 with NL1 antibody was significantly increased in the Sev group compared to the Con group. These rats had a poorer performance in the NOR and FC tests than control rats when they were adolescents. These results were reversed by NL1--AAV injection into the CA1 area. NL1+-AAV group was similar to the Sev group. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures decreased inhibitory synaptic inputs (labelled by vGAT) around neurons, which may influence the upregulation of NL1 in hippocampal excitatory synapses and enhanced NL1/PSD95 interaction, ultimately leading to long-term cognitive impairments in adolescent rats. Injecting NL1--AAV reversed this damage. These results suggested that NL1 in excitatory synapses contributes to long-term cognitive impairments after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yingqiao Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang W, Zhang X, Lei M, Zhang D, Qin G, Zhou J, Ji L, Chen L. Dopamine D2 Receptor Activation Blocks GluA2/ROS Positive Feedback Loop to Alienate Chronic-Migraine-Associated Pain Sensitization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:725. [PMID: 38929165 PMCID: PMC11201052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic migraine is a disabling disorder without effective therapeutic medicine. AMPA receptors have been proven to be essential to pathological pain and headaches, but the related regulatory mechanisms in chronic migraine have not yet been explored. In this study, we found that the level of surface GluA2 was reduced in chronic migraine rats. Tat-GluR23Y (a GluA2 endocytosis inhibitor) reduced calcium inward flow and weakened synaptic structures, thus alleviating migraine-like pain sensitization. In addition, the inhibition of GluA2 endocytosis reduced the calcium influx and alleviated mitochondrial calcium overload and ROS generation in primary neurons. Furthermore, our results showed that ROS can induce allodynia and GluA2 endocytosis in rats, thus promoting migraine-like pain sensitization. In our previous study, the dopamine D2 receptor was identified as a potential target in the treatment of chronic migraine, and here we found that dopamine D2 receptor activation suppressed chronic-migraine-related pain sensitization through blocking the GluA2/ROS positive feedback loop in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, ligustrazine, a core component of ligusticum chuanxiong, was shown to target the dopamine D2 receptor, thereby alleviating ROS production and abnormal nociception in CM rats. This study provides valuable insight into the treatment of chronic migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ming Lei
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Dunke Zhang
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Guangcheng Qin
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lichun Ji
- Department of Respiration, The Thirteenth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lixue Chen
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Witkin JM, Radin DP, Rana S, Fuller DD, Fusco AF, Demers JC, Pradeep Thakre P, Smith JL, Lippa A, Cerne R. AMPA receptors play an important role in the biological consequences of spinal cord injury: Implications for AMPA receptor modulators for therapeutic benefit. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116302. [PMID: 38763261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) afflicts millions of individuals globally. There are few therapies available to patients. Ascending and descending excitatory glutamatergic neural circuits in the central nervous system are disrupted by SCI, making α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) a potential therapeutic drug target. Emerging research in preclinical models highlights the involvement of AMPARs in vital processes following SCI including breathing, pain, inflammation, bladder control, and motor function. However, there are no clinical trial data reported in this patient population to date. No work on the role of AMPA receptors in sexual dysfunction after SCI has been disclosed. Compounds with selective antagonist and potentiating effects on AMPA receptors have benefit in animal models of SCI, with antagonists generally showing protective effects early after injury and potentiators (ampakines) producing improved breathing and bladder function. The role of AMPARs in pathophysiology and recovery after SCI depends upon the time post injury, and the timing of AMPAR augmentation or antagonism. The roles of inflammation, synaptic plasticity, sensitization, neurotrophic factors, and neuroprotection are considered in this context. The data summarized and discussed in this paper document proof of principle and strongly encourage additional studies on AMPARs as novel gateways to therapeutic benefit for patients suffering from SCI. The availability of both AMPAR antagonists such as perampanel and AMPAR allosteric modulators (i.e., ampakines) such as CX1739, that have been safely administered to humans, provides an expedited means of clinical inquiry for possible therapeutic advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Trauma Research, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Sabhya Rana
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David D Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna F Fusco
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie C Demers
- Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Prajwal Pradeep Thakre
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arnold Lippa
- RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA
| | - Rok Cerne
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang JJ, Rodriguez DA, Slifer SH, Martin ER, Levitt RC, Galor A. Genome Wide Association Study of Neuropathic Ocular Pain. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100384. [PMID: 37868788 PMCID: PMC10587615 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of individuals with neuropathic ocular pain (NOP) symptoms to identify genomic variants that may predispose to NOP development. Design Prospective study of individuals with NOP. Participants Three hundred twenty-nine patients recruited from the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic. Methods The Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory modified for the eye (NPSI-Eye) was completed to calculate a NPSI-Eye-Sub-Score (summed ratings of burning and wind sensitivity) as an indicator of NOP severity. A GWAS was performed for the NPSI-Eye-Sub-Score with a significance threshold of P < 5 × 10-8. A gene-based analysis was performed using the multimarker analysis of genomic annotation software (in the functional mapping and annotation of GWAS online platform). The 13 865 778 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from our GWAS analysis were mapped to 10 834 protein coding genes, and significant genes were run through gene set enrichment analysis. Main Outcome Measures Identification of SNPs and protein products that may be associated with the development of NOP. Results One hundred seventy-one SNPs reached a threshold of P < 10-5, of which 10 SNPs reached the suggestive level of significance of P < 5 × 10-7 and 1 SNP met our genome-wide significance threshold of P < 5 × 10-8. This lead SNP, rs140293404 (P = 1.23 × 10-8), is an intronic variant found within gene ENSG00000287251 coding for transcript ENST00000662732.1. Rs140293404 is in linkage disequilibrium with exon variant rs7926353 (r2 > 0.8) within ENSG00000279046 coding for transcript ENST00000624288.1. The most significant genes from gene-based tests were matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP19) (P = 1.12 × 10-5), zinc finger RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich-1 (ZRSR1) (P = 1.48 × 10-4), CTC-487M23.8 (P = 1.79 × 10-4), receptor expression-enhancing protein-5 (REEP5) (P = 2.36 × 10-4), and signal recognition particle-19 (SRP19) (P = 2.56 × 10-4). From gene set enrichment analysis, the sensory perception (false discovery rate = 6.57 × 10-3) and olfactory signaling (false discovery rate = 1.63 × 10-2) pathways were enriched with the most significant genes. Conclusions Our GWAS revealed genes with protein products that may impact sensory perception, lending biological plausibility to a role for SNPs identified by our GWAS in the development of NOP. A better understanding of the biological relevance of these genes and pathways in the pathophysiology associated with NOP may facilitate future novel mechanism-based treatments. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaxon J. Huang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Surgical and Research Services, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Susan H. Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eden R. Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Roy C. Levitt
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Surgical and Research Services, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu YH, Wang J, Lu WC, Cheng Y, Tao R, Zhang SJ, Xu T, Zhai KW, Luo SX, Xin WJ. POU2F1/DNMT3a Pathway Participates in Neuropathic Pain by Hypermethylation-Mediated LRFN4 Downregulation Following Oxaliplatin Treatment. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3652-3664. [PMID: 37592110 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence demonstrates that DNA methylation is associated with the occurrence and development of various neurological diseases. However, the potential target genes undergoing DNA methylation, as well as their involvement in the chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain, are still unclear. Here, Lrfn4, which showed hypermethylation in the promoter regions, was screened from the SRA methylation database (PRJNA587622) following oxaliplatin treatment. MeDIP and qPCR assays identified that oxaliplatin treatment increased the methylation in Lrfn4 promoter region and decreased the expression of LRFN4 in the spinal dorsal horn. The assays with gain and loss of LRFN4 function demonstrated that LRFN4 downregulation in spinal dorsal horn contributed to the oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia. Moreover, oxaliplatin treatment increased the DNA methyltransferases DNMT3a expression and the interaction between DNMT3a and Lrfn4 promoter, while inhibition of DNMT3a prevented the downregulation of LRFN4a induced by oxaliplatin. We also observed that the transcriptional factor POU2F1 can bind to the predicted sites in DNMT3a promoter region, oxaliplatin treatment upregulated the expression of transcriptional factor POU2F1 in dorsal horn neurons. Intrathecal injection of POU2F1 siRNA prevented the DNMT3a upregulation and the LRFN4 downregulation induced by oxaliplatin. Additionally, intrathecal injection of DNMT3a siRNA or POU2F1 siRNA alleviated the mechanical allodynia induced by oxaliplatin. These findings suggested that transcription factor POU2F1 upregulated the expression of DNMT3a, which subsequently decreased LRFN4 expression through hypermethylation modification in spinal dorsal horn, thereby mediating neuropathic pain following oxaliplatin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Pain Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Anesthesiology, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat- sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Pain Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ke-Wei Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su-Xia Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bose M, Nawaz MS, Pal R, Chattarji S. Stress Elicits Contrasting Effects on Rac1-Cofilin Signaling in the Hippocampus and Amygdala. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:880382. [PMID: 35592113 PMCID: PMC9110925 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.880382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence for contrasting patterns of stress-induced morphological and physiological plasticity in glutamatergic synapses of the hippocampus and amygdala. The same chronic stress that leads to the formation of dendritic spines in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of rats, leads to a loss of spines in the hippocampus. However, the molecular underpinnings of these divergent effects of stress on dendritic spines are not well understood. Since the activity of the Rho GTPase Rac1 and the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin are known to play a pivotal role in spine morphogenesis, we investigated if alterations in this signaling pathway reflect the differential effects of stress on spine plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala. A day after the end of chronic immobilization stress (2 h/day for 10 days), we found a reduction in the activity of Rac1, as well as its effector p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), in the rat hippocampus. These changes, in turn, decreased cofilin phosphorylation alongside a reduction in the levels of profilin isoforms. In striking contrast, the same chronic stress increased Rac1, PAK1 activity, cofilin phosphorylation, and profilin levels in the BLA, which is consistent with enhanced actin polymerization leading to spinogenesis in the BLA. In the hippocampus, on the other hand, the same stress caused the opposite changes, the functional consequences of which would be actin depolymerization leading to the elimination of spines. Together, these findings reveal a role for brain-region specific differences in the dysregulation of Rac1-to-cofilin signaling in the effects of repeated stress on two brain areas that are implicated in the emotional and cognitive symptoms of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou L, Su S, Yu J, Wan S, Xu X, Li X, Xiong M, Tian W, Wang L, Wu Y, Ke C. Schnurri-2 promotes the expression of excitatory glutamate receptors and contributes to neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2022; 488:20-31. [PMID: 35218885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain with complex mechanisms, and current treatments have shown limited success in treating patients suffering from chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has shown that the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is mediated by the plasticity of excitatory neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which provides insights into the treatment of hyperalgesia. In this study, we found that Schnurri-2 (Shn2) was significantly upregulated in the L4-L6 segments of the spinal cord of C57 mice with spared nerve injury, which was accompanied by an increase in GluN2D subunit and glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluR1) levels. Knocking down the expression of Shn2 using a lentivirus in the spinal cord decreased the GluN2D subunit and GluR1 levels in spared nerve injury mice and eventually alleviated mechanical allodynia. In summary, Shn2 regulates neuropathic pain, promotes the upregulation of GluN2D in glutamatergic neurons and increases the accumulation of GluR1 in excitatory neurons. Taken together, our study provides a new underlying mechanism for the development of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhou
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Shanchun Su
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Shengjun Wan
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Mengyuan Xiong
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Linhan Wang
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yanqiong Wu
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Changbin Ke
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| |
Collapse
|