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Eid SA, Elzinga SE, Guo K, Hinder LM, Hayes JM, Pacut CM, Koubek EJ, Hur J, Feldman EL. Transcriptomic profiling of sciatic nerves and dorsal root ganglia reveals site-specific effects of prediabetic neuropathy. Transl Res 2024; 270:24-41. [PMID: 38556110 PMCID: PMC11166517 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a severe and frequent complication of obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes characterized by progressive distal-to-proximal peripheral nerve degeneration. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying PN, and whether these mechanisms change during PN progression, is currently lacking. Here, gene expression data were obtained from distal (sciatic nerve; SCN) and proximal (dorsal root ganglia; DRG) injury sites of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of obesity/prediabetes at early and late disease stages. Self-organizing map and differentially expressed gene analyses followed by pathway enrichment analysis identified genes and pathways altered across disease stage and injury site. Pathways related to immune response, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism were consistently dysregulated with HFD-induced PN, irrespective of injury site. However, regulation of oxidative stress was unique to the SCN while dysregulated Hippo and Notch signaling were only observed in the DRG. The role of the immune system and inflammation in disease progression was supported by an increase in the percentage of immune cells in the SCN with PN progression. Finally, when comparing these data to transcriptomic signatures from human patients with PN, we observed conserved pathways related to metabolic dysregulation across species, highlighting the translational relevance of our mouse data. Our findings demonstrate that PN is associated with distinct site-specific molecular re-programming in the peripheral nervous system, identifying novel, clinically relevant therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie A. Eid
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E. Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lucy M. Hinder
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Crystal M. Pacut
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily J. Koubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Lv T, Li G, Zhao C, Ma J, Zhang F, Zhao M, Liu H, Wu H, Li K, Weng Z. P2X7 and P2Y 1 receptors in DRG mediate electroacupuncture to inhibit peripheral sensitization in rats with IBS visceral pain. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10028-9. [PMID: 38922475 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Although multiple purinergic receptors mediate the analgesic effects of acupuncture, it remains unclear whether there is mutual interaction between purinergic receptors to jointly mediate the electroacupuncture inhibition of peripheral sensitization in visceral pain. Visceral hypersensitivity was induced by intracolonic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rat. The antinociception effect of electroacupuncture on visceral pain was evaluated by morphology, behaviors, neuroelectrophysiology and molecular biology techniques. After labeling the colon-related primary sensory neurons with neural retrograde tracer and employing neuropharmacology, neuroelectrophysiology, and molecular biotechnology, the mechanisms of P2X7R, P2Y1R, and P2X3R in colon-related dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons alleviating visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by electroacupuncture at Zusanli and Sanyinjiao acupoints.were elucidated from the perspective of peripheral sensitization. Electroacupuncture significantly inhibited TNBS-induced colonic hypersensitivity in rats with IBS, and Satellite Glial Cells (SGCs) in DRG were found to be involved in electroacupuncture-mediated regulation of the electrophysiological properties of neurons. P2X7R was found to play a pain-inducing role in IBS visceral hypersensitivity by affecting P2X3R, and electroacupuncture exerted an analgesic effect by inhibiting P2X7R activation. P2Y1R was found to play an analgesic role in the process of visceral pain, mediating electroacupuncture to relieve visceral hypersensitivity. P2Y1R relieved visceral pain by inhibiting P2X3R in neurons associated with nociception, with P2X7R identified as upstream of P2Y1R up-regulation by electroacupuncture. Our study suggests that the P2X7R → P2Y1R → P2X3R inhibitory pathway in DRG mediates the inhibition of peripheral sensitization by electroacupuncture in rats with IBS visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lv
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guona Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jindan Ma
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Kunshan Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhijun Weng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Wan MM, Fu ZY, Jin T, Wang ZY, Sun XY, Gao WP. Electroacupuncture regulates the P2X 7R-NLRP3 inflammatory cascade to relieve decreased sensation on ocular surface of type 2 diabetic rats with dry eye. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09991-0. [PMID: 38467962 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye (DE) is a prevalent ocular surface disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, current medications are ineffective against decreased sensation on the ocular surface. While electroacupuncture (EA) effectively alleviates decreased sensation on ocular surface of DE in patients with T2DM, the neuroprotective mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of T2DM-associated DE through bioinformatics analysis. It further investigated the underlying mechanism by which EA improves decreased sensation on the ocular surface of DE in rats with T2DM. Bioinformatic analysis was applied to annotate the potential pathogenesis of T2DM DE. T2DM and DE was induced in male rats. Following treatment with EA and fluorometholone, comprehensive metrics were assessed. Additionally, the expression patterns of key markers were studied. Key targets such as NLRP3, Caspase-1, and NOD-like receptor signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM DE. EA treatment improved ocular measures. Furthermore, EA potently downregulated P2X7R, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and Caspase-1 expression within the trigeminal ganglion and spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Targeted P2X7R antagonist (A-438079) and agonist (BzATP) employed as controls to decipher the biochemistry of the therapeutic effects of EA showed an anti-inflammatory effect with A-438079, while BzATP blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of EA. EA relieved DE symptoms and attenuated inflammatory damage to sensory nerve pathways in T2DM rats with DE. These findings suggest a crucial role of EA inhibition of the P2X7R-NLRP3 inflammatory cascade to provide these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Mi Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang-Yitian Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tuo Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Liu X, Zhang M, He C, Jia S, Xiang R, Xu Y, Zhao M. Research focus and thematic trends of transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 research: a bibliometric analysis of the global publications (1990-2023). NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1327-1346. [PMID: 37695335 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, various studies have been devoted to the study of transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1)-related diseases, potential drugs, and related mechanisms. The objective of this investigation was to examine the significant areas and cutting-edge developments in TRPV1 study within recent decades. Articles or reviews were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1 R2 software were utilized to examine publication growth, distribution by country/region, institution, journal, authorship, references, and keywords. The software identified keywords with a high citation burstiness to determine emerging topics. From 1990 to 2023, the annual global publications increased by 62,000%, from 1 to 621. Journal of neuroscience published the most manuscripts and Nature produced the highest citations. The USA, Seoul National University and Di marzo V were the most productive and impactful institution, country, and author, respectively. "TRPV1," "Capsaicin receptor," "Activation," and "Pain" are the most important keywords. The burst keywords "TRPV1 channel," "Oxidative stress," "TRPV1 structure," and "Cancer" are supposed to be the research frontiers. The present study offers valuable insights into the understanding of TRPV1 and pain-related conditions. The research on TRPV1 has demonstrated a steady increase in studies related to pain-related diseases in the past few decades. The significance of TRPV1 in cancer pathogenesis and the resolution of its structure will emerge as a new academic trend in this field, providing direction for more widespread and comprehensive studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Chongyang He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Shubing Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Rongwu Xiang
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yijia Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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Tang H, Wei W, Luo Y, Lu X, Chen J, Yang S, Wu F, Zhou H, Ma W, Yang X. P2X7 receptors: a bibliometric review from 2002 to 2023. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09996-9. [PMID: 38421486 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
For many years, there has been ongoing research on the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). A comprehensive, systematic, and objective evaluation of the scientific output and status of P2X7R will be instrumental in guiding future research directions. This study aims to present the status and trends of P2X7R research from 2002 to 2023. Publications related to P2X7R were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Quantitative analysis and visualization tools were Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software. The analysis content included publication trends, literature co-citation, and keywords. 3282 records were included in total, with the majority of papers published within the last 10 years. Based on literature co-citation and keyword analysis, neuroinflammation, neuropathic pain, gastrointestinal diseases, tumor microenvironment, rheumatoid arthritis, age-related macular degeneration, and P2X7R antagonists were considered to be the hotspots and frontiers of P2X7R research. Researchers will get a more intuitive understanding of the status and trends of P2X7R research from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Tang
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shenqiao Yang
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Wu
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Huo M, Zhang Q, Si Y, Zhang Y, Chang H, Zhou M, Zhang D, Fang Y. The role of purinergic signaling in acupuncture-mediated relief of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09985-y. [PMID: 38305986 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a traditional medicinal practice in China that has been increasingly recognized in other countries in recent decades. Notably, several reports have demonstrated that acupuncture can effectively aid in pain management. However, the analgesic mechanisms through which acupuncture provides such benefits remain poorly understood. Purinergic signaling, which is mediated by purine nucleotides and purinergic receptors, has been proposed to play a central role in acupuncture analgesia. On the one hand, acupuncture affects the transmission of nociception by increasing adenosine triphosphate dephosphorylation and thereby decreasing downstream P2X3, P2X4, and P2X7 receptors signaling activity, regulating the levels of inflammatory factors, neurotrophic factors, and synapsin I. On the other hand, acupuncture exerts analgesic effects by promoting the production of adenosine, enhancing the expression of downstream adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, and regulating downstream inflammatory factors or synaptic plasticity. Together, this systematic overview of the field provides a sound, evidence-based foundation for future research focused on the application of acupuncture as a means of relieving pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Huo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Si
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Youlin Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongen Chang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun S, Wu L. Involvement of microglial P2X7 receptor in pain modulation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14496. [PMID: 37950524 PMCID: PMC10805404 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a rapid response mechanism that compels organisms to retreat from the harmful stimuli and triggers a repair response. Nonetheless, when pain persists for extended periods, it can lead to adverse changes into in the individual's brain, negatively impacting their emotional state and overall quality of life. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in regulating a variety of pain-related disorders. Specifically, recent studies have shed light on the central role that microglial purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) plays in regulating pain. In this respect, the P2X7R on microglial membranes represents a potential therapeutic target. AIMS To expound on the intricate link between microglial P2X7R and pain, offering insights into potential avenues for future research. METHODS We reviewed 140 literature and summarized the important role of microglial P2X7R in regulating pain, including the structure and function of P2X7R, the relationship between P2X7R and microglial polarization, P2X7R-related signaling pathways, and the effects of P2X7R antagonists on pain regulation. RESULTS P2X7R activation is related to M1 polarization of microglia, while suppressing P2X7R can transfer microglia from M1 into M2 phenotype. And targeting the P2X7R-mediated signaling pathways helps to explore new therapy for pain alleviation. P2X7R antagonists also hold potential for translational and clinical applications in pain management. CONCLUSIONS Microglial P2X7R holds promise as a potential novel pharmacological target for clinical treatments due to its distinctive structure, function, and the development of antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Haozhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Shukai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Li‐an Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Taher MG, Mohammed MR, Al-Mahdawi MAS, Halaf NKA, Jalil AT, Alsandook T. The role of protein kinases in diabetic neuropathic pain: an update review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:147-154. [PMID: 37255803 PMCID: PMC10225446 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a debilitating symptom of diabetic neuropathy which seriously impairs patient's quality of life. Currently, there is no specific therapy for DNP except for duloxetine and gabapentin that show limited utility in alleviating DNP. The present review aims to discuss the central role of protein kinases in the pathogenesis of DNP and their therapeutic modulation. Methods Scopus, PubMed, and Google scholar were searched up to January 2022 to find relevant studies with English language in which the roles of proteins kinases in DNP were examined. Results DNP is associated with hyperactivity in pain sensory neurons and therapies aim to specifically suppress redundant discharges in these neurons without affecting the activity of other sensory and motor neurons. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and purinergic 2 × 7 receptors (P2 × 7R) are two receptor channels, highly expressed in pain sensory neurons and their blockade produces remarkable analgesic effects in DNP. The activities of receptor channels are mainly regulated by the protein kinases whose modulation provides remarkable analgesic effects in DNP models. Conclusion Capsaicin, TRPV1 modulator, is the only agent successfully examined in clinical trials with promising effects in patients with DNP. Current data suggest that blocking calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is superior to other approaches, considering its pivotal role in regulating the pain neuron potentials. By this means, DNP alleviation is achievable without affecting the activity of other sensory or motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gheni Taher
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baquba, Diyala Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Tahani Alsandook
- Department of Dentistry, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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Hu QQ, He XF, Ma YQ, Ma LQ, Qu SY, Wang HZ, Kang YR, Chen LH, Li X, Liu BY, Shao XM, Fang JF, Liang Y, Fang JQ, Jiang YL. Dorsal root ganglia P2X4 and P2X7 receptors contribute to diabetes-induced hyperalgesia and the downregulation of electroacupuncture on P2X4 and P2X7. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:29-41. [PMID: 35218450 PMCID: PMC9984662 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is highly common in diabetes patients. P2X receptors play critical roles in pain sensitization. We previously showed that elevated P2X3 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to DNP. However, the role of other P2X receptors in DNP is unclear. Here, we established the DNP model using a single high-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection and investigated the expression of P2X genes in the DRG. Our data revealed elevated P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7 mRNA levels in DRG of DNP rats. The protein levels of P2X4 and P2X7 in DNP rats increased, but the P2X2 did not change significantly. To study the role of P2X4 and P2X7 in diabetes-induced hyperalgesia, we treated the DNP rats with TNP-ATP (2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate), a nonspecific P2X1-7 antagonist, and found that TNP-ATP alleviated thermal hyperalgesia in DNP rats. 2 Hz electroacupuncture is analgesic against DNP and could downregulate P2X4 and P2X7 expression in DRG. Our findings indicate that P2X4 and P2X7 in L4-L6 DRGs contribute to diabetes-induced hyperalgesia, and that EA reduces thermal hyperalgesia and the expression of P2X4 and P2X7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fen He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ying Qu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.
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Chen L, Wang H, Xing J, Shi X, Huang H, Huang J, Xu C. Silencing P2X7R Alleviates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Involving TRPV1 via PKCε/P38MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214141. [PMID: 36430617 PMCID: PMC9696864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanillic acid 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel activated by heat and inflammatory factors involved in the development of various types of pain. The P2X7 receptor is in the P2X family and is associated with pain mediated by satellite glial cells. There might be some connection between the P2X7 receptor and TRPV1 in neuropathic pain in diabetic rats. A type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain rat model was induced using high glucose and high-fat diet for 4 weeks and low-dose streptozocin (35 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection to destroy islet B cells. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administrated by intrathecal injection of P2X7 shRNA and p38 inhibitor, and we recorded abnormal mechanical and thermal pain and nociceptive hyperalgesia. One week later, the dorsal root ganglia from the L4-L6 segment of the spinal cord were harvested for subsequent experiments. We measured pro-inflammatory cytokines, examined the relationship between TRPV1 on neurons and P2X7 receptor on satellite glial cells by measuring protein and transcription levels of P2X7 receptor and TRPV1, and measured protein expression in the PKCε/P38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway after intrathecal injection. P2X7 shRNA and p38 inhibitor relieved hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathic pain rats and modulated inflammatory factors in vivo. P2X7 shRNA and P38 inhibitors significantly reduced TRPV1 expression by downregulating the PKCε/P38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammatory factors in dorsal root ganglia. Intrathecal injection of P2X7 shRNA alleviates nociceptive reactions in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain involving TRPV1 via PKCε/P38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Chen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongji Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Juping Xing
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiangchao Shi
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jiabao Huang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao 334000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao 334000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-86360556
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11
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Zhang C, Gao R, Zhou R, Chen H, Liu C, Zhu T, Chen C. The emerging power and promise of non-coding RNAs in chronic pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1037929. [PMID: 36407760 PMCID: PMC9668864 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1037929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain (CP) is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage lasting longer than 3 months. CP is the main reason why people seek medical care and exerts an enormous economic burden. Genome-wide expression analysis has revealed that diverse essential genetic elements are altered in CP patients. Although many possible mechanisms of CP have been revealed, we are still unable to meet all the analgesic needs of patients. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to play essential roles in peripheral neuropathy and axon regeneration, which is associated with CP occurrence and development. Multiple key ncRNAs have been identified in animal models of CP, such as microRNA-30c-5p, ciRS-7, and lncRNA MRAK009713. This review highlights different kinds of ncRNAs in the regulation of CP, which provides a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. It mainly focuses on the contributions of miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs to CP, specifically peripheral neuropathic pain (NP), diabetic NP, central NP associated with spinal cord injury, complex regional pain syndrome, inflammatory pain, and cancer-induced pain. In addition, we summarize some potential ncRNAs as novel biomarkers for CP and its complications. With an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of CP, ncRNAs may provide novel insight into CP and could become new therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changteng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruihao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changliang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Liu C, Miao R, Raza F, Qian H, Tian X. Research progress and challenges of TRPV1 channel modulators as a prospective therapy for diabetic neuropathic pain. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Long L, Zhong W, Guo L, Ji J, Nie H. Effect of Bufalin-PLGA Microspheres in the Alleviation of Neuropathic Pain via the CCI Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910885. [PMID: 35770074 PMCID: PMC9234216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of neuropathic pain (NPP) is considered challenging, while the search for alternative medication is striving. NPP pathology is related with the expression of both the purinergic 2X7 (P2X7) receptor and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1). Bufalin is a traditional Chinese medication derived from toad venom with pronounced antitumor, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and the knowledge gap on its pain alleviation mechanism have limited the clinical application of bufalin. Hence, the purpose of this study is to illustrate the NPP alleviation mechanism of bufalin via chronic constriction injury (CCI). To address the concern on fast metabolism, bufalin-PLGA microspheres (MS) were prepared via membrane emulsification to achieve prolonged pain-relieving effects. Western blot, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and molecular docking were employed to demonstrate the therapeutic action of bufalin on NPP. The results showed enhanced thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) after the administration of both bufalin and bufalin-PLGA MS in the CCI rats. Prolonged pain-relieving effects for up to 3 days with reduced dose frequency was achieved via bufalin-PLGA MS. In the CCI rats treated with bufalin-PLGA MS, the expression levels of protein and mRNA in TRPV1 and P2X7, both localized in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), were reduced. Moreover, bufalin-PLGA MS effectively reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α in the CCI group. The results from molecular docking suggested a possible mechanism of NPP alleviation of bufalin through binding to P2X7 receptors directly. The administration of bufalin-PLGA MS prepared by membrane emulsification demonstrated promising applications for sustained effect on the alleviation of NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Long
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu, China
- Guangzhou Nansha Information Technology Park Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Zhong, ; Hong Nie,
| | - Liwei Guo
- Guangzhou Bio-Green Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Processing Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drug Innovation, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Dayuan Studio of Membrane Science and Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Guangzhou Nansha Information Technology Park Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Zhong, ; Hong Nie,
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