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Yang PF, Nie TL, Sun XN, Xu LX, Ma C, Wang F, Long LH, Chen JG. Wheel-Running Exercise Alleviates Anxiety-Like Behavior via Down-Regulating S-Nitrosylation of Gephyrin in the Basolateral Amygdala of Male Rats. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400205. [PMID: 38965798 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise has beneficial effect on anxiety disorders, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, it is demonstrated that physical exercise can downregulate the S-nitrosylation of gephyrin (SNO-gephyrin) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to exert anxiolytic effects. It is found that the level of SNO-gephyrin is significantly increased in the BLA of high-anxiety rats and a downregulation of SNO-gephyrin at cysteines 212 and 284 produced anxiolytic effect. Mechanistically, inhibition of SNO-gephyrin by either Cys212 or Cys284 mutations increased the surface expression of GABAAR γ2 and the subsequent GABAergic neurotransmission, exerting anxiolytic effect in male rats. On the other side, overexpression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the BLA abolished the anxiolytic-like effects of physical exercise. This study reveals a key role of downregulating SNO-gephyrin in the anxiolytic effects of physical exercise, providing a new explanation for protein post-translational modifications in the brain after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tai-Lei Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xia-Nan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lan-Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Chen S, Sigdel S, Sawant H, Bihl J, Wang J. Exercise-Intervened Endothelial Progenitor Cell Exosomes Protect N2a Cells by Improving Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1148. [PMID: 38256220 PMCID: PMC10816803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that exosomal communication between endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and brain endothelial cells is compromised in hypertensive conditions, which might contribute to the poor outcomes of stroke subjects with hypertension. The present study investigated whether exercise intervention can regulate EPC-exosome (EPC-EX) functions in hypertensive conditions. Bone marrow EPCs from sedentary and exercised hypertensive transgenic mice were used for generating EPC-EXs, denoted as R-EPC-EXs and R-EPC-EXET. The exosomal microRNA profile was analyzed, and EX functions were determined in a co-culture system with N2a cells challenged by angiotensin II (Ang II) plus hypoxia. EX-uptake efficiency, cellular survival ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expressions of cytochrome c and superoxide-generating enzyme (Nox4) were assessed. We found that (1) exercise intervention improves the uptake efficiency of EPC-EXs by N2a cells. (2) exercise intervention restores miR-27a levels in R-EPC-EXs. (3) R-EPC-EXET improved the survival ability and reduced ROS overproduction in N2a cells challenged with Ang II and hypoxia. (4) R-EPC-EXET improved the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased cytochrome c and Nox4 levels in Ang II plus hypoxia-injured N2a cells. All these effects were significantly reduced by miR-27a inhibitor. Together, these data have demonstrated that exercise-intervened EPC-EXs improved the mitochondrial function of N2a cells in hypertensive conditions, which might be ascribed to their carried miR-27a.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (H.S.); (J.B.)
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Hwang DJ, Koo JH, Kim TK, Jang YC, Hyun AH, Yook JS, Yoon CS, Cho JY. Exercise as an antidepressant: exploring its therapeutic potential. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1259711. [PMID: 37772067 PMCID: PMC10523322 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of depressive disorders worldwide, requiring alternative treatments beyond medication and psychotherapy. Exercise has positive effects on the brain; therefore, it has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for individuals with depression. Considerable research involving humans and animals offers compelling evidence to support the mental health benefits of physical activity or exercise mediated by the regulation of complex theoretical paradigms. However, challenges such as conducting long-term follow-up assessments and considering individual characteristics remain in human studies despite extensive efforts. While animal studies provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of exercise and its impact on outcomes related to depression and anxiety in rodents exposed to different stress paradigms, translating the findings to humans requires careful evaluation. More research is needed to establish precise exercise prescription guidelines and to better understand the complex relationship between exercise and depressive disorders. Therefore, this concise review explores the evidence supporting exercise intervention as an antidepressant treatment and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joo Hwang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Koo
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Jang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Hyun Hyun
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Yook
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Sun Yoon
- Department of Physical Education, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu J, Li S, Zhang Y. Research progress in role of exosomes exosomes in mental disorders. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:771-781. [PMID: 37539580 PMCID: PMC10930398 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with a structure of lipid bilayer-membrane. In the central nervous system (CNS), exosomes can be secreted from both neurons and glial cells. Exosomes released into the extracellular matrix can freely cross the blood-brain barrier and function as crucial carriers of cellular communication and substance exchange in the CNS. Exosomes play a key role in the pathological process of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, and they have the potential to be used as a targeted carrier of antipsychotic medications. Exosomes are likely to become a new tool in the future to aid in the early prevention, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment for people with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wu
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
| | - Shansi Li
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011
| | - Yi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha 410011, China.
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Physical exercise mediates a cortical FMRP-mTOR pathway to improve resilience against chronic stress in adolescent mice. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 36658152 PMCID: PMC9852236 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise effectively relieves anxiety disorders via modulating neurogenesis and neural activity. The molecular mechanism of exercise-mediated anxiolysis, however, remains incomplete. On a chronic restrain stress (CRS) model in adolescent mice, we showed that 14-day treadmill exercise profoundly maintained normal neural activity and axonal myelination in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), in association with the prevention of anxiety-like behaviors. Further interrogation of molecular mechanisms revealed the activation of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway within mPFC under exercise training. At the upstream of mTOR, exercise-mediated brain RNA methylation inhibited the expression of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) to activate the mTOR pathway. In summary, treadmill exercise modulates an FMRP-mTOR pathway to maintain cortical neural activity and axonal myelination, contributing to improved stress resilience. These results extended our understanding of the molecular substrate of exercise-mediated anxiolytic effect during adolescent period.
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Park S, Moon HY. Urinary extracellular vesicle as a potential biomarker of exercise-induced fatigue in young adult males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2175-2188. [PMID: 35781843 PMCID: PMC9463341 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have suggested that circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) arise after high intensity exercise and urine could reflect the plasma proteome. Herein, we investigated the characteristic of urinary EVs from healthy young adult males who had completed a maximal effort exercise test. Methods Thirteen healthy men completed a 20 m shuttle run test (20 m SRT). Fresh urine samples were collected at first morning, right after, and 1 h rest after 20 m SRT. Also, blood lactate, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood pressure were measured before, right after, and 1 h rest after 20 m SRT. Urinary EVs were analyzed using Exoview instrument and microRNAs (miRNAs) sequencing on urinary EVs were performed. Results Urinary EVs increased significantly after exercise and returned to baseline value after 1 h of rest. miRNA sequencing on urinary EV revealed alterations in four miRNAs (1 up and 3 down) and nine miRNAs (2 up and 7 down) in pre- vs. post- and post- vs. post-1 h samples, respectively. Lastly, bioinformatic analysis of urinary EV miRNA suggests that predicted target genes could affect PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and insulin pathways by exercise. Conclusions Exercise to voluntary exhaustion increased the number of EVs in urine. Also, miRNAs in urinary EVs were altered after exercise. These findings could indicate the possibility of using the urinary EVs as a novel biomarker of acute exercise-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhong Park
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Youl Moon
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 71-1, 407, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Sadovska L, Auders J, Keiša L, Romanchikova N, Silamiķele L, Kreišmane M, Zayakin P, Takahashi S, Kalniņa Z, Linē A. Exercise-Induced Extracellular Vesicles Delay the Progression of Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:784080. [PMID: 35087866 PMCID: PMC8787363 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that regular physical exercise not only reduces the risk of cancer but also improves functional capacity, treatment efficacy and disease outcome in cancer patients. At least partially, these effects are mediated by the secretome of the tissues responding to exercise. The secreted molecules can be released in a carrier-free form or enclosed into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Several recent studies have shown that EVs are actively released into circulation during physical exercise. Here, we for the first time investigated the effects of exercise-induced EVs on the progression of cancer in an F344 rat model of metastatic prostate cancer. Although we did not observe a consistent increase in the circulating EV levels, RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated substantial changes in the RNA content of EVs collected before and immediately after forced wheel running exercise as well as differences between EVs from runners at resting state and sedentary rats. The major RNA biotype in EVs was mRNA, followed by miRNA and rRNA. Molecular functions of differentially expressed RNAs reflected various physiological processes including protein folding, metabolism and regulation of immune responses triggered by the exercise in the parental cells. Intravenous administration of exercise-induced EVs into F344 rats with orthotopically injected syngeneic prostate cancer cells PLS10, demonstrated reduction of the primary tumor volume by 35% and possibly—attenuation of lung metastases. Hence, our data provide the first evidence that exercise-induced EVs may modulate tumor physiology and delay the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilite Sadovska
- Cancer Biomarker Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jānis Auders
- Cancer Biomarker Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Keiša
- Cancer Biomarker Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Laila Silamiķele
- Laboratory Animal Core Facility, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Madara Kreišmane
- Laboratory Animal Core Facility, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Cancer Biomarker Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zane Kalniņa
- Laboratory Animal Core Facility, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aija Linē
- Cancer Biomarker Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- *Correspondence: Aija Linē,
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