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Numakawa T, Kajihara R. An Interaction between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Stress-Related Glucocorticoids in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1596. [PMID: 38338875 PMCID: PMC10855648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Both the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucocorticoids (GCs) play multiple roles in various aspects of neurons, including cell survival and synaptic function. BDNF and its receptor TrkB are extensively expressed in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), and the contribution of the BDNF/TrkB system to neuronal function is evident; thus, its downregulation has been considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GCs, stress-related molecules, and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are also considered to be associated with AD in addition to mental disorders such as depression. Importantly, a growing body of evidence suggests a close relationship between BDNF/TrkB-mediated signaling and the GCs/GR system in the CNS. Here, we introduce the current studies on the interaction between the neurotrophic system and stress in CNS neurons and discuss their involvement in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kajihara
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
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Inyushkin AN, Poletaev VS, Inyushkina EM, Kalberdin IS, Inyushkin AA. Irisin/BDNF signaling in the muscle-brain axis and circadian system: A review. J Biomed Res 2023; 38:1-16. [PMID: 38164079 PMCID: PMC10818175 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the timing of physiological, biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian rhythms. To entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to a precise 24-h rhythm, environmental zeitgebers are used by the circadian system. This is done primarily by signals from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract, but other cues like exercise, feeding, temperature, anxiety, and social events have also been shown to act as non-photic zeitgebers. The recently identified myokine irisin is proposed to serve as an entraining non-photic signal of exercise. Irisin is a product of cleavage and modification from its precursor membrane fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in response to exercise. Apart from well-known peripheral effects, such as inducing the "browning" of white adipocytes, irisin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display the effects on the brain. Experimental data suggest that FNDC5/irisin mediates the positive effects of physical activity on brain functions. In several brain areas, irisin induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the master clock, a significant role in gating photic stimuli in the retinohypothalamic synapse for BDNF is suggested. However, the brain receptor for irisin remains unknown. In the current review, the interactions of physical activity and the irisin/BDNF axis with the circadian system are reconceptualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Inyushkin
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Vitalii S. Poletaev
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Elena M. Inyushkina
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Igor S. Kalberdin
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Inyushkin
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
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Numakawa T, Kajihara R. Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the pathogenesis of stress-related brain diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1247422. [PMID: 37781095 PMCID: PMC10537938 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1247422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, have critical roles in neuronal differentiation, cell survival, and synaptic function in the peripheral and central nervous system. It is well known that a variety of intracellular signaling stimulated by TrkB, a high-affinity receptor for BDNF, is involved in the physiological and pathological neuronal aspects via affecting cell viability, synaptic function, neurogenesis, and cognitive function. As expected, an alteration of the BDNF/TrkB system is suspected to be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in cognitive diseases and mental disorders. Recent evidence has also highlighted a possible link between the alteration of TrkB signaling and chronic stress. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that downregulation of the BDNF/TrkB system and chronic stress have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mental disorders. In this review, we introduce current evidence showing a close relationship between the BDNF/TrkB system and the development of cognition impairment in stress-related disorders, and the possible contribution of the upregulation of the BDNF/TrkB system in a therapeutic approach against these brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kajihara
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Liu X, Wu X, Wang S, Zhao Z, Jian C, Li M, Qin X. Microbiome and metabolome integrally reveal the anti-depression effects of Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides from the perspective of gut homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125542. [PMID: 37355069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the active components of Cistanche deserticola (CD). Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides (CDPs) significantly regulate gut microbiota, immune activity, and neuroprotective functions. However, it merely scratches the surface that the anti-depression effects of CDPs. We aimed to demonstrate the anti-depression effects of CDPs and the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of gut homeostasis by behavioral evaluations and applying integrally microbiome, metabolome, and molecular biology. CDPs showed significant effects on improving abnormal behaviors of depressed rats. Additionally, CDPs maintained Th17/Treg balance and modulated gut immunity of depressed rats. Comprehensive microbiome and metabolome analysis showed that CDPs significantly ameliorated abundances of beneficial bacteria, and increased the contents of SCFAs, consequently maintaining gut homeostasis. Besides, the anti-depression effects of CDPs involved in amino acid metabolism including BCAAs, glutamine, etc., maintaining metabolic balance. The current findings provide not only deep understanding of depression focusing on gut, but also evidence about the anti-depression effects of CDPs, broadening clinic applications of CDPs. Of note, the present study is of significance in a long run, in terms of providing novel strategies and protocols for revealing mechanisms of anti-depression drugs, and for the discovery of new antidepressants and functional foods from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Senyan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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