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Gao H, Jiang H. Current status and controversies in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38993. [PMID: 39093737 PMCID: PMC11296446 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a type of traumatic brain injury caused by insufficient cerebral perfusion and oxygen supply in the perinatal neonate, which can be accompanied by different types of long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, such as cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, mental retardation and epilepsy It is one of the main causes of neonatal death and disability, and it has caused a great burden on families and society. Therefore, this article mainly reviews the latest developments in mild hypothermia therapy and related drugs for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi, Yan’an, China
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Sun L, Wan J, Sun B, Tian Q, Li M, Xu LX, Feng CX, Tong X, Feng X, Yang X, Ding X. LncRNA-mir3471-limd1 regulatory network plays critical roles in HIBD. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:443-449. [PMID: 38147087 PMCID: PMC10806112 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the target genes of tcon_00044595, elucidate its activation site, and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Through homologous blast analysis, we identified predicted target sequences in the neighboring regions of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) tcon_00044595, suggesting that limd1 is its target gene. Starbase was utilized to identify potential candidate microRNAs associated with the lncRNA. The interaction between the candidate microRNAs and limd1 was investigated and validated using various experimental methods including in vitro cell culture, cell transfection, dual fluorescence reporter detection system, and real-time PCR. Homology alignment analysis revealed that the lncRNA tcon_00044595 exhibited a 246 bp homologous sequence at the 3' end of the adjacent limd1 gene, with a conservation rate of 68%. Analysis conducted on Starbase online identified three potential microRNA candidates: miR-3471, miR-883a-5p, and miR-214-3p. Intracellular expression of the limd1 gene was significantly down-regulated upon transfection with miR-3471, while the other two microRNAs did not produce noticeable effects. Luciferase reporter assays identified two interaction sites (UTR-1, UTR-2) between miR-3471 and the limd1 3'UTR, with UTR-1 exhibiting a strong influence. Further CCK8 assay indicated a protective role of miR-3471 during low oxygen stroke in HIBD. The potential regulatory relationship between lncRNA (tcon_00044595), miR-3471, and the target gene limd1 suggests their involvement in the occurrence and development of HIBD, providing new insights for investigating the underlying mechanisms and exploring targeted therapeutic approaches for HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury;, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury;, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnanjie Road, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuyan Tian
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury;, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Mei Li
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Chen-Xi Feng
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Xiao Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury;, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury;, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnanjie Road, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xin Ding
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury;, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnanjie Road, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
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Pařízek A, Suchopár J, Laštůvka Z, Alblová M, Hill M, Dušková M. The Endocannabinoid System and Its Relationship to Human Reproduction. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S365-S380. [PMID: 38116770 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is among the most important regulators of human reproduction. It already applies at the level of the sperm and the egg, plays an important role in the fertilization of the egg, its implantation, regulates the function of the placenta and participates in childbirth. The aim of this work is to summarize the knowledge accumulated so far and to show that the endocannabinoid system must be perfectly regulated in order to maintain a physiological pregnancy from implantation to delivery. Only an exceptional interplay of enzymes such as NAPE-PDL or FAAH, endogenous cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 can ensure the proper functioning of the reproductive organs and thus lead to delivery on time. Changes in the endocannabinoid system can lead to a number of pathological conditions, e.g., during blastocyst implantation, retardation of embryo development, impaired placental function or miscarriage. Soon, we can expect not only an understanding of all the regulatory events associated with the endocannabinoid system and other regulatory systems that participate in reproduction, but also several possibilities for pharmacotherapeutic interventions that can modify the formation, degradation and effect of endocannabinoids. It cannot be ruled out that some components of the endocannabinoid system could become a marker for monitoring pregnancy and childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pařízek
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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