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Xiao D, Li X, Li Y, Mo L, Li X, Fu Y, Zhang F, Wang T, Cheng Y, Li Y, Zhou P. Influence of autonomic nervous dysfunction on eating during hemodialysis sessions: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39680. [PMID: 39312360 PMCID: PMC11419433 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although some studies have indicated that eating during hemodialysis may induce hypotension and cardiovascular events, some patients still consume food during their treatment. This prospective study was conducted to determine whether the need to eat during hemodialysis treatment was related to abnormal glucose metabolism and autonomic nerve dysfunction. Seventy patients were enrolled in this study, and their demographic features and various laboratory parameters were analyzed. At each routine hemodialysis visit, predialysis, intradialysis, and postdialysis blood pressure measurements were systematically conducted. A 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed during the hemodialysis interval, and heart rate variability (HRV) values were calculated. Additionally, whether the patients ate during the hemodialysis treatments was recorded. Another 20 people who underwent physical examinations during the same period and were matched for sex and age were included in the control group. The HRV values of the hemodialysis patients were generally lower than those of the control group. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in sex, age, calcium antagonist use, blood calcium levels, insulin levels, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measurements, and HRV indices between hemodialysis patients who ate and those who did not eat during hemodialysis (P < .05), whereas there were no significant differences in diabetes status or in the hemoglobin, albumin, blood glucose and C-peptide levels (P > .05). Multivariate analysis revealed that low values for very low frequency (VLF) and postdialysis DBP were risk factors for fasting intolerance during hemodialysis treatments. Autonomic dysfunction may affect whether hemodialysis patients tolerate fasting during dialysis. VLF evaluation may provide information that can be used to develop a more reasonable intradialytic nutritional supplementation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Liwen Mo
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xianglian Li
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yonggang Fu
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yunming Li
- Department of Information, Statistical Office, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
- Department of Statistics, College of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Department of Information, Statistical Office, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
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Joyeux MA, Pierre A, Barrois M, Hoeffel C, Devie A, Brugel M, Bertin E. Stomach size in anorexia nervosa: A new challenge? EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:784-794. [PMID: 38520705 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Changes in stomach size may impact eating behaviour. A recent study showed gastric dilatation in restrictive eating disorders using computed tomography scans. This study aimed to describe stomach size in the standing position in women with anorexia nervosa (AN). METHODS Women treated for AN at our institution were retrospectively included if they had undergone upper gastrointestinal radiography (UGR) after the diagnosis of AN. Two control groups (CG1 and CG2) were included, both comprising female patients: CG1 patients were not obese and underwent UGR for digestive symptoms of other aetiologies, and CG2 comprised obese individuals who had UGR before bariatric surgery. A UGR-based Stomach Size Index (SSI), calculated as the ratio of the length of the stomach to the distance between the upper end of the stomach and the top of the iliac crests, was measured in all three groups. Gastromegaly was defined as SSI >1.00. RESULTS 45 patients suffering from AN (28 with restrictive and 17 with binge/purge subtype), 10 CG1 and 20 CG2 subjects were included in this study. Stomach Size Index was significantly higher in AN (1.27 ± 0.24) than in CG1 (0.80 ± 0.11) and CG2 (0.68 ± 0.09); p < 0.001, but was not significantly different between patients with the restrictive and binge/purge subtypes. Gastromegaly was present in 82.2% of patients with AN and not present in the control groups. In patients with AN, gastromegaly was present in 12/15 patients without digestive symptoms (80.0%) and in 25/30 patients with digestive complaints (83.3%) at time of UGR (p = 0.99). In the AN group, no significant relationship was found between SSI and body mass index. CONCLUSION Gastromegaly is frequent in AN and could influence AN recovery. This anatomical modification could partially explain the alterations of gastric motility previously reported in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Alix Joyeux
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Robert-Debré Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Antoine Pierre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Robert-Debré Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Marion Barrois
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Robert-Debré Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Christine Hoeffel
- Department of Radiology, Robert-Debré Hospital and Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, Reims, France
- Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, Reims, France
| | - Antoine Devie
- Department of Radiology, Robert-Debré Hospital and Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, Reims, France
| | - Mathias Brugel
- Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, Reims, France
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - Eric Bertin
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Robert-Debré Hospital, Reims, France
- Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, Reims, France
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Leech T, Peiris M. Mucosal neuroimmune mechanisms in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) pathogenesis. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:165-178. [PMID: 38221552 PMCID: PMC10904498 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic condition characterised by visceral pain in the distal oesophagus. The current first-line treatment for GORD is proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), however, PPIs are ineffective in a large cohort of patients and long-term use may have adverse effects. Emerging evidence suggests that nerve fibre number and location are likely to play interrelated roles in nociception in the oesophagus of GORD patients. Simultaneously, alterations in cells of the oesophageal mucosa, namely epithelial cells, mast cells, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, have been a focus of GORD research for several years. The oesophagus of GORD patients exhibits both macro- and micro-inflammation as a response to chronic acidic reflux at the epithelium. In other conditions of the GI tract, such as IBS and IBD, well-characterised bidirectional processes between immune cells and mucosal nerve fibres contribute to pathogenesis and symptom generation. Sensory alterations in these conditions such as nerve fibre outgrowth and hypersensitivity can be driven by inflammatory processes, which promote visceral pain signalling. This review will examine what is currently known of the molecular pathways linking inflammation and sensory perception leading to the development of GORD symptoms and explore potentially relevant mechanisms in other GI regions which may indicate new areas in GORD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Leech
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Madusha Peiris
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
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Abstract
All cells in the body are exposed to physical force in the form of tension, compression, gravity, shear stress, or pressure. Cells convert these mechanical cues into intracellular biochemical signals; this process is an inherent property of all cells and is essential for numerous cellular functions. A cell's ability to respond to force largely depends on the array of mechanical ion channels expressed on the cell surface. Altered mechanosensing impairs conscious senses, such as touch and hearing, and unconscious senses, like blood pressure regulation and gastrointestinal (GI) activity. The GI tract's ability to sense pressure changes and mechanical force is essential for regulating motility, but it also underlies pain originating in the GI tract. Recent identification of the mechanically activated ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 in the gut and the effects of abnormal ion channel regulation on cellular function indicate that these channels may play a pathogenic role in disease. Here, we discuss our current understanding of mechanically activated Piezo channels in the pathogenesis of pancreatic and GI diseases, including pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, irritable bowel syndrome, GI tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease. We also describe how Piezo channels could be important targets for treating GI diseases.
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Abstract
A large body of evidence has emerged in the past decade supporting a role for the gut microbiome in the regulation of blood pressure. The field has moved from association to causation in the last 5 years, with studies that have used germ-free animals, antibiotic treatments and direct supplementation with microbial metabolites. The gut microbiome can regulate blood pressure through several mechanisms, including through gut dysbiosis-induced changes in microbiome-associated gene pathways in the host. Microbiota-derived metabolites are either beneficial (for example, short-chain fatty acids and indole-3-lactic acid) or detrimental (for example, trimethylamine N-oxide), and can activate several downstream signalling pathways via G protein-coupled receptors or through direct immune cell activation. Moreover, dysbiosis-associated breakdown of the gut epithelial barrier can elicit systemic inflammation and disrupt intestinal mechanotransduction. These alterations activate mechanisms that are traditionally associated with blood pressure regulation, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the autonomic nervous system, and the immune system. Several methodological and technological challenges remain in gut microbiome research, and the solutions involve minimizing confounding factors, establishing causality and acting globally to improve sample diversity. New clinical trials, precision microbiome medicine and computational methods such as Mendelian randomization have the potential to enable leveraging of the microbiome for translational applications to lower blood pressure.
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Kola JB, Docsa T, Uray K. Mechanosensing in the Physiology and Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010177. [PMID: 36613619 PMCID: PMC9820522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal gastrointestinal function relies on sensing and transducing mechanical signals into changes in intracellular signaling pathways. Both specialized mechanosensing cells, such as certain enterochromaffin cells and enteric neurons, and non-specialized cells, such as smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, and resident macrophages, participate in physiological and pathological responses to mechanical signals in the gastrointestinal tract. We review the role of mechanosensors in the different cell types of the gastrointestinal tract. Then, we provide several examples of the role of mechanotransduction in normal physiology. These examples highlight the fact that, although these responses to mechanical signals have been known for decades, the mechanosensors involved in these responses to mechanical signals are largely unknown. Finally, we discuss several diseases involving the overstimulation or dysregulation of mechanotransductive pathways. Understanding these pathways and identifying the mechanosensors involved in these diseases may facilitate the identification of new drug targets to effectively treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Baffin Kola
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Xiao Z, Xu J, Tan J, Zhang S, Wang N, Wang R, Yang P, Bai T, Song J, Shi Z, Lyu W, Zhang L, Hou X. Zhizhu Kuanzhong, a traditional Chinese medicine, alleviates gastric hypersensitivity and motor dysfunction on a rat model of functional dyspepsia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026660. [PMID: 36467071 PMCID: PMC9712737 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Zhizhu Kuanzhong (ZZKZ) is a traditional Chinese medicine modified from classic formula Zhizhu decoction in "Synopsis of Golden Chamber" (Han Dynasty in the 3rd century) and the Zhizhu pill in "Differentiation on Endogenous" in Jin Dynasty (1,115-1,234). ZZKZ contains four botanical drugs, including Citrus × Aurantium L [Rutaceae; Aurantii Fructus Immaturus], Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz. [Compositae; Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae], Bupleurum Chinense DC [Apiaceae; Radix Bupleuri Chinensis], and Crataegus Pinnatifida Bunge [Rosaceae; Fructus Crataegi Pinnatifidae], which have been widely used in clinical therapy for functional dyspepsia (FD). Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of ZZKZ on gastric hypersensitivity and motor dysfunction in a rat model of FD. Materials and methods: FD was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by neonatal gastric irritation with 0.1% iodoacetamide. The FD rats were treated with ZZKZ (0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, or 1.5 g/kg respectively) by gavage for 7 days, while domperidone (3 mg/kg) acted as treatment control. Body weight gain, food intake, gastric emptying, and intestinal propulsion were also measured. Ex vivo gastric smooth muscle activity recordings and greater splanchnic afferent (GSN) firing recordings were employed to evaluate gastric motility and sensation. Particularly, the role of 5-HT in the action of ZZKZ in improving gastric dysmotility and hypersensitivity was explored. Results: ZZKZ promoted weight gain, food intake, gastric emptying, and intestinal propulsion in FD rats. ZZKZ promoted spontaneous and ACh-induced contractions of gastric smooth muscle strips in FD rats, alleviated spontaneous activity, and chemical (acid perfusion) and mechanical (intragastric distension) stimulated GSN firing in FD rats. ZZKZ ameliorated gastric smooth muscle contraction and GSN firing induced by 5-HT in FD rats. ZZKZ stimulated the release of serum 5-HT, with reduced 5-HT3 receptor and increased 5-HT4 receptor mRNA expression in the guts of FD rats. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that ZZKZ improves FD-related gastric hypersensitivity and motor dysfunction and should be an effective compound for relieving FD symptoms. The gastric 5-HT system with lower 5-HT3 activity and increased 5-HT4 distribution is involved in the mechanisms of ZZKZ underlying the treatment of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanglong Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengyan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Wuhan (Wuhan Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital), Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiyun Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohong Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Wuhan (Wuhan Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital), Wuhan, China
| | - Wenliang Lyu
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mechanism of Soy Isoflavone Daidzein-Induced Female-Specific Anorectic Effect. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030252. [PMID: 35323695 PMCID: PMC8955737 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that regular intake of soy isoflavone exerts a preventive effect on postmenopausal obesity and other forms of dysmetabolism. Estrogens inhibit eating behavior. Soy isoflavones may act as estrogen agonist in estrogen-depleted conditions, whereas they may either act as an estrogen antagonist or be ineffective in estrogen-repleted conditions. We investigated the effects of dietary soy isoflavone on food intake under various estrogen conditions using male, ovariectomized (OVX), and non-OVX female rats, and compared the effects with those of estradiol. We found that soy isoflavones reduced food intake in females specifically, regardless of whether ovariectomy had been performed, whereas subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellet did not reduce food intake in intact female rats, but did so in OVX female and male rats. Contrary to this hypothesis, the reduction in food intake may not be caused by the estrogenic properties of soy isoflavones. It is of great interest to understand the mechanisms underlying the anorectic effects of soy isoflavones. In this non-systematic review, we summarize our recent studies that have investigated the bioactive substances of anorectic action, pharmacokinetic properties of soy isoflavones, and the modification of central and peripheral signals regulating appetite by soy isoflavones, and selected studies that were identified via database mining.
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Choi WG, Choi NR, Park EJ, Kim BJ. A study of the therapeutic mechanism of Jakyakgamcho-Tang about functional dyspepsia through network pharmacology research. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1824-1834. [PMID: 36438925 PMCID: PMC9682510 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.77451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines have traditionally been used as an effective digestive medicine. However, compared to the effectiveness of Herbal medicines, the treatment mechanism has not been fully identified. To solve this problem, a system-level treatment mechanism of Jakyakgamcho-Tang (JGT), which is used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD), was identified through a network pharmacology study. The two components, paeoniae radix alba and licorice constituting JGT were analyzed based on broad information on chemical and pharmacological properties, confirming 84 active chemical compounds and 84 FD-related targets. The JGT target confirmed the relationship with the regulation of various biological movements as follows: cellular behaviors of muscle and cytokine, calcium ion concentration and homeostasis, calcium- and cytokine-mediated signalings, drug, inflammatory response, neuronal cells, oxidative stress and response to chemical. And the target is enriched in variety FD-related signaling as follows: MAPK, Toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, PI3K-Akt, Apoptosis and TNF signaling pathway. These data give a new approach to identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the digestive effect of JGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Gyun Choi
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ri Choi
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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10
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Medić B, Babić Ž, Banić M, Ljubičić L. MODERN APPROACH TO DYSPEPSIA. Acta Clin Croat 2021; 60:731-738. [PMID: 35734496 PMCID: PMC9196234 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.04.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyspepsia is a disorder characterized by dyspeptic symptoms which are located in the epigastrium and related to digestion of food in the initial part of the digestive system. In functional dyspepsia, unlike organic dyspepsia, there is no underlying organic disease that would cause dyspeptic symptoms. Immune and mucosal function changes, gastric dysmotility, different composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota, and altered central nervous system processing are considered responsible for the onset of the disorder. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical presentation, and exclusion of other organic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract manifested by dyspeptic symptoms. Therapy includes eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, neuromodulators, and herbal preparations. Unfortunately, in some patients, this therapy leads to little or no improvement. The prevalence of functional dyspepsia is increasing. It has become one of the more common gastroenterological diagnoses. In order to reduce the costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder itself, its mechanisms need to be fully elucidated and thus enable finding appropriate therapy for all patient subgroups.
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11
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Li H, Buisman-Pijlman FTA, Nunez-Salces M, Christie S, Frisby CL, Inserra A, Hatzinikolas G, Lewis MD, Kritas S, Wong ML, Page AJ. Chronic stress induces hypersensitivity of murine gastric vagal afferents. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13669. [PMID: 31241809 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress exposure is known to trigger and exacerbate functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms. Increased gastric sensitivity to food-related stimuli is widely observed in FD patients and is associated with stress and psychological disorders. The mechanisms underlying the hypersensitivity are not clear. Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) play an important role in sensing meal-related mechanical stimulation to modulate gastrointestinal function and food intake. This study aimed to determine whether GVAs display hypersensitivity after chronic stress, and whether its interaction with leptin was altered by stress. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress or no stress (control) for 8 weeks. The metabolic rate, gastric emptying rate, and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were determined. GVA mechanosensitivity, and its modulation by leptin, was determined using an in vitro single fiber recording technique. QRT-PCR was used to establish the levels of leptin and leptin receptor mRNA in the stomach and nodose ganglion, respectively. KEY RESULTS The stressed mice had lower body weight and food intake, and increased anxiety-like behavior compared to the control mice. The mechanosensitivity of mucosal and tension-sensitive GVAs was higher in the stressed mice. Leptin potentiated mucosal GVA mechanosensitivity in control but not stressed mice. The expression of leptin mRNA in the gastric mucosa was lower in the stressed mice. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES In conclusion, chronic stress enhances GVA mechanosensitivity, which may contribute to the gastric hypersensitivity in FD. In addition, the modulatory effect of leptin on GVA signaling is lost after chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Femke T A Buisman-Pijlman
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Nunez-Salces
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claudine L Frisby
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Antonio Inserra
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory of Mental Health Disorder, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Hatzinikolas
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin D Lewis
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory of Mental Health Disorder, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stamatiki Kritas
- Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory of Mental Health Disorder, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Huang CT, Liang YJ. Comparison of Duodenal Mucosal Chromogranin-A Expression in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Pancreas Dyspeptic Patients with and without Endosonography-Diagnosed Early Chronic Pancreatitis: A Case Series Study. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2019; 13:102-112. [PMID: 31011309 PMCID: PMC6465733 DOI: 10.1159/000497777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas (NAFP) is hypothetically related to progressive fibro-inflammation of the pancreas whose exocrine function is controlled by enteroendocrine cells (EEC). There is little evidence of pancreatic fibrosis in fatty pancreas and of whether there are quantitative differences for EEC. This study aimed to prove the coexistence of NAFP and pancreatic fibrosis or early chronic pancreatitis (ECP) using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) and endosonography. Besides, the expression of duodenal mucosal chromogranin-A, a surrogate for EEC, was analyzed. Dyspeptic patients were surveyed at the digestive clinic and received abdominal sonography, endosonography, and serology tests. Cases with organic causes of dyspepsia were excluded. Pancreatic fibrosis was defined as an ARFI value ≥1.3 m/s. ECP was defined by at least 2 scores of the Japan Pancreas Society endosonographic criteria. During endosonography, 4 biopsy samples of mucosa in the duodenal first part were obtained for analysis of chromogranin-A expression by Western blot. Mucosal biopsy was also performed at the gastric antrum for surveillance of Helicobacter pylori. Between January and June 2018, a total of 24 patients with NAFP were enrolled among 48 candidates and divided into 2 groups based on whether they had pancreatic fibrosis or not. In the pancreatic fibrosis group (n = 11, pancreatic ARFI: 1.76 ± 0.34 m/s), there was a higher endosonographic criteria score (2.45 vs. 1.61, p = 0.002), increased expression of chromogranin-A (p = 0.001), and more severe fatty pancreas that was defined by pancreatic duct blurring on abdominal sonography (91 vs. 46%, p = 0.062) as compared to the non-pancreatic fibrosis group (n = 13, pancreatic ARFI: 1.11 ± 0.09 m/s). A total of 54 endosonographic abnormalities of ECP was present in these 24 patients in the head (52%), body (31%), and tail (17%), an anatomic pattern similar to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, among dyspeptic patients with NAFP, the duodenal mucosa chromogranin-A showed increased expression in those with pancreatic fibrosis and endosonography-diagnosed ECP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Tsui Huang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Jen Liang
- Department of Life Science Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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