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Parlatescu I, Dugan C, Popescu BO, Tovaru S, Dobre M, Milanesi E. Non-Communicable Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2085. [PMID: 38138188 PMCID: PMC10744480 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of non-transmissible conditions that tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Although an association between oral disorders and NCDs has been suggested, the relationship between Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) and NCDs and their associated risk factors has not been deeply investigated. In this study, we aim to identify associations between BMS and NCDs in the Romanian population. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine BMS patients and 88 age-matched controls (aged 50 and over) were clinically evaluated for the presence of eight noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their most common risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity. Results: The results of our study showed that the BMS in the Romanian population seems to be significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (p < 0.001) and two of their risk factors, hypertension (p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (p < 0.001). Moreover, evaluating the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in the individuals not affected by CVDs (73 CTRL and 38 BMS), we found that 13.2% of BMS patients reported a moderate risk of developing CVDs in ten years, compared to the controls, all of whom presented a low risk (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a multidisciplinary clinical approach, which also includes a cardiovascular evaluation, is essential for the successful management of BMS. Moreover, these data highlighted the importance of introducing an integrated strategy for the prevention and care of NCDs in BMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanina Parlatescu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Cosmin Dugan
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Tovaru
- Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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Le KDT, DosSantos MF, Gazerani P. Is Burning Mouth Syndrome Associated with Extraoral Dryness? A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6525. [PMID: 37892662 PMCID: PMC10607144 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a persistent intraoral burning sensation, often experienced by postmenopausal women. The etiology of BMS remains partially understood, and consequently, treatments remain suboptimal. Extraoral manifestations of BMS, such as extraoral dryness, are less studied. However, it has been suggested that the identification of the frequency and patterns of extraoral dryness and potential underlying mechanisms are essential to optimize treatment strategies and reduce the burden of disease. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review to provide existing evidence about extraoral dryness in BMS. The guidelines for the conduction and reporting of systematic reviews were followed. An electronic search was conducted in four major databases-PubMed, Web of Science, COCHRANE Library, and EBSCOhost-and the grey literature was assessed through Google Scholar. From each included article, information on extraoral dryness in BMS was extracted, and odds ratios were calculated for extraoral dryness among BMS patients compared with non-BMS controls. The findings demonstrated higher odds of the prevalence of extraoral dryness in BMS, which was found to a high degree in the lips, eyes, skin, and genitalia. The pattern of spread and locations of extraoral dryness propose a potential central mechanism. Based on our findings, we encourage the standardization of the assessment, recording, and reporting of the extraoral characteristics of BMS, including extraoral dryness, which can lead to better management strategies and enhance the quality of life of the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Devon Terga Le
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcos Fabio DosSantos
- Laboratório de Propriedades Mecânicas e Biologia Celular (PropBio), Departamento de Prótese e Materiai Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular (LMC), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Neurociência Translacional (INNT-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (PPGO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health (CIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
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Adamo D, Spagnuolo G. Burning Mouth Syndrome: An Overview and Future Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010682. [PMID: 36613002 PMCID: PMC9819290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a complex chronic neuropathic orofacial pain disorder characterized by a generalized or localized intraoral burning, dysesthetic sensation or pain of the oral mucosa, recurring daily for more than 2 h per day for more than 3 months, without any evidence of specific mucosal lesions and/or laboratory findings [...].
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