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Melendez P, Redrovan D, Chelikani PK. Urine pH as predictor of blood acid-base status in dairy cattle fed acidogenic diets. Vet J 2024:106187. [PMID: 38942283 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
We determined the association between urine pH and blood acid-base indicators and assessed a urine pH cut-off value to predict severe metabolic acidosis under field conditions in cows fed acidogenic diets. Eighty-six cows were sampled for urine and blood. Urine pH was evaluated immediately after collection and blood acid-base status was evaluated within 2hours of collection using a portable blood analyzer. Twenty-five cows were classified as having severe metabolic acidosis (blood pH 7.4; bicarbonate < 24mmol/L, base excess ≤ -0.5; PCO2 low to normal concentrations and urine pH between 4.88 and 5.71. There was a positive linear association between urine pH and blood pH (r = 0.46), and between urine pH and base excess (r = 0.74). The area under the ROC curve was 0.91 (CI 95%= 0.84-0.96; good-excellent test). The optimal cut-off value for urine pH to categorize a cow with severe metabolic acidosis was 5.5 (94% specificity and 72% sensitivity). For each 0.1 unit of decrease in urine pH below 5.5, cows were 1.6 times (95% CI= 1.3- 2.1) more likely to exhibit a severe metabolic acidosis. We conclude that a urine pH of 5.5 or less is indicative of more life-threatening metabolic acidosis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Melendez
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR.
| | - Daniela Redrovan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo TX, USA
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2
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Ma ZR, Ma LL, Zhao F, Bo Y. Effects of oral calcium on reproduction and postpartum health in cattle: a meta-analysis and quality assessment. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1357640. [PMID: 38659452 PMCID: PMC11041631 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1357640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Postpartum blood calcium (Ca) concentration is related to the reproduction and health of cattle. Oral calcium supplements were given to dairy cows after calving to increase blood Ca concentration and reduce the risk of hypocalcemia. However, studies have shown that oral Ca has different effects in preventing disease. The purposes of this study were (i) to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the expected effect of oral Ca on incidence of calving-related diseases, pregnancy risk and milk yield in dairy cows, and (ii) to make a quality assessment of these related studies. In total, 22 eligible studies were included in this review. Meta-analysis showed that oral Ca could significantly reduce the incidence of hypocalcemia (clinical hypocalcemia: relative risk (RR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.52, 0.87]; subclinical hypocalcemia: RR = 0.81, CI = [0.72, 0.91]), and incidence of retained placenta (RR = 0.77, CI = [0.62, 0.95]), improved blood Ca concentrations: mean difference (MD) = 0.08; 95% CI = [0.04, 0.11]. For other results, the meta-analysis revealed a lack of evidence of the correlation between oral Ca and serum magnesium (Mg) / phosphorus (P) concentration (Mg: MD = -0.04; 95% CI = [-0.10, 0.02]; P: MD = 0.05; 95% CI = [-0.10, 0.21]) or incidence of other calving-related disorders (metritis: RR = 1.06, CI = [0.94, 1.19]; ketosis: RR = 1.04, CI = [0.91, 1.18]; mastitis: RR = 1.02, CI = [0.86, 1.21]; displacement of the abomasum: RR = 0.81, CI = [0.57, 1.16]) or pregnancy risk (pregnancy risk at first service: RR = 0.99, CI = [0.94, 1.05]; overall pregnancy rate: RR = 1.03, CI = [0.98, 1.08]) or milk yield (MD = 0.44; 95% CI = [-0.24, 1.13]). The distribution of the funnel plot formed by the included studies was symmetrical, and the Egger's test had a p > 0.05, indicating that there was no significant publication bias. Sensitivity analyses results suggested that the results of meta-analysis are robust. Quality assessment of the included studies revealed that the risk of bias was focused on selection bias, performance bias, detection bias and other sources of bias, and the future research should focus on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ren Ma
- Linxia Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Linxia, China
| | - Ling-Li Ma
- Linxia Animal Quarantine Station, Linxia, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, Medicine of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, Medicine of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Rajaeerad A, Ghorbani GR, Khorvash M, Sadeghi-Sefidmasgi A, Mahdavi AH, Boroumand Jazi M, Wilkens MR. Comparison of two different anionic supplements and a low calcium diet fed to transition cows prepartum on DM intake, mineral homoeostasis and performance. Animal 2023; 17:100961. [PMID: 37703628 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of two rations with a positive dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and varying Ca content and two anionic diets on mineral homoeostasis and performance in early lactation cows. For this purpose, 48 pregnant dairy cows stratified for mature equivalent milk production, parity, body condition score (BCS), and BW were randomly assigned to four treatment groups and fed the following rations during the last 3 weeks of gestation: LC: low Ca (0.24% Ca, 1.14% K, DCAD: +86 mEq/kg DM), HC: high Ca (1.23% Ca, 1.17% K, DCAD: +95 mEq/kg DM), AS: Anionic salt (1.21% Ca, 1.21% K, DCAD: -112 mEq/kg DM, and SC: SoyChlor (1.28% Ca, 1.16% K, DCAD: -115 mEq/kg DM). After parturition, all animals were fed a common postpartum diet. Data were collected until 21 days in milk. Urinary pH was significantly decreased with the AS and SC treatment in comparison to the LC and HC groups. The highest prepartum DM intake (DMI) was found in the LC group, while DMI in AS cows was lowest. Postpartum, DMI was significantly greater in LC and SC cows than in animals fed the HC and AS rations. Prepartum serum concentrations of Ca, P, and Mg as well as postpartum serum concentrations of P and Mg did not differ, while postpartum Ca was lower in the HC group, especially 24 and 48 h after parturition. The greatest energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield was observed in cows fed the LC ration prepartum. Interestingly, milk protein production was lower in SC cows compared to LC, HC and AS. This study indicates that a ration containing a restricted Ca content fed prepartum is as suitable as a low DCAD diet to improve Ca balance without compromising DMI and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajaeerad
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan Bo, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan Bo, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M Khorvash
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan Bo, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | | | - A H Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan Bo, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M Boroumand Jazi
- Department of Animal Science Research, Agricultural Research, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan 84321-65458, Iran
| | - M R Wilkens
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 9, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Movahedi NS, Foroudi F, Karimi N, Abedini MR, Karimi K. Zeolite-supplemented diets in the prenatal period affected postpartum reproductive parameters, colostrum production, and body condition score of dairy cows. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:410-420. [PMID: 37969788 PMCID: PMC10636084 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The effect of zeolite on Ca plasma concentration, reproductive parameters, body condition score (BCS), and colostrum properties was evaluated in Holstein dairy cows during the postpartum period. Materials and Methods Sixty pregnant cows were allocated to three experimental groups, including 1) a control (CON) diet; 2) a CON diet + 0.75% dry matter (DM) zeolite (100 gm/day/cow); and 3) a CON diet + 1.5% DM zeolite (200 gm/day/cow). Experimental diets were fed to cows during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy. Blood sample evaluation for Ca concentration was done. The prevalence of hypocalcemia and reproductive parameters, including BCS and colostrum properties, was also measured. Results Total Ca and ionized calcium (Ca++) concentrations in plasma at 6 and 12 h after calving were higher in zeolite-consuming cows than those in CON s (p < 0.01). Mean frequencies for severe and subclinical hypocalcemia in zeolite-consuming cows were 11.64% and 19.36% lower than those in the CON group, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean pregnancy efficiency of these cows was also 12.94% higher than the CON (p < 0.01). The mean BCS (p ≤ 0.05) and colostrum quality (p < 0.01) of zeolite-consuming cows were at maximum, but their mean colostrum yield was lower than that of the CON group (p < 0.01). Conclusion Zeolite dietary supplementation at levels of 0.75% and 1.5% DM of the preparturient diet is recommended for better CON of hypocalcemia, improved BCS and colostrum quality, and better prevention of postpartum reproductive disorders in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salman Movahedi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Farhad Foroudi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abedini
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Kazem Karimi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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Khani M, Fattah A, Ebrahimi-Mahmoudabad SR, Joezy-Shekalgorabi S. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on dry matter intake, digestibility, body weight gain, blood parameters, and carcass traits in Zandi lambs. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad019. [PMID: 36911555 PMCID: PMC10000123 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) has gotten much attention recently; however, there is not much evidence on organic matter digestibility, blood parameters, dry matter intake, body weight, and carcass features of male sheep fed with different DCAD diets. The effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on these traits in male lambs under the environmental high temperatures were investigated in this study. Forty male lambs (average body weight of 39 kg) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments with eight replicates. Lambs were fed diets with DCAD levels ranging from 150 (control group) to 300, 450, 600, and 750 mEq/kg dry matter. This study lasted 100 d and used a 21-d adaptation. The results showed that the control group had the highest dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, and crude protein digestibility (P = 0.02). Also, the lowest amount of average body weight was observed in the control group (P = 0.01). The results showed the different DCAD levels affected the statistical significance in terms of live weight, carcass weight, length and width of muscle cross section, lung weight, spleen weight, and abdominal fat (P = 0.04). As well, the highest ruminal pH was observed in the control group (P = 0.4). The results of the blood glucose parameter showed that control group had a significant effect on the blood glucose level (P = 0.04). Furthermore, the highest abdominal fat weight was observed in the control group (P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference between other traits, including skin weight, head weight, leg weight, carcass length, liver weight, kidney weight, heart weight, testicle weight, tail weight, rumen weight, and lactation weight. In summary, increasing DCAD in the diet could improve the production and carcass quality in lambs under environmental high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahr-e Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Fattah
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahr-e Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sahereh Joezy-Shekalgorabi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahr-e Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Melendez P, Chelikani PK. Review: Dietary cation-anion difference to prevent hypocalcemia with emphasis on over-acidification in prepartum dairy cows. Animal 2022; 16:100645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Melendez P, Chelikani P, Patel D, Garbarino E. Effect of a very low negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diet on plasma and urine metabolomics of prepartum Holstein cows. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:59-65. [PMID: 36340673 PMCID: PMC9623625 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this cross-sectional, nonintervention, observational study were to compare urine and blood parameters between cows consuming a positive dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diet [early dry cows, DCAD + 250 mEq/kg of dry matter (DM), n = 15] with the same cows consuming a negative DCAD diet (-220 mEq/kg of DM) 10 d after moving them from the early dry to the prepartum group. The most remarkable finding was that cows consuming the anionic diet had very low urine pH and very low base excess in blood, suggestive of uncompensated metabolic acidosis. Importantly, the metabolomics data revealed that only urine concentrations of essential and aromatic amino acids were decreased, and that concentrations of total nonessential amino acids and glucogenic amino acids were increased in plasma and reciprocally decreased in urine, suggesting that the cows fed anionic salts were attempting to meet a high glucose demand by mobilizing gluconeogenic amino acid reserves. Notably, the dietary anionic salts exerted marked effects on glycerophospholipids, with a reduction in most phosphatidylcholine containing diacyl (PC aa) and acyl-alkyl (PC ae) moieties in plasma and urine. Further characterization of these metabolomic profiles may lead to the development of novel biomarkers to identify cows susceptible to metabolic acidosis and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Melendez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo 79106
| | - P.K. Chelikani
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo 79106
| | - D. Patel
- Health Science Center, Texas Tech University, Amarillo 79106
| | - E. Garbarino
- Progressive Dairy Health Service, Clovis, NM 88101
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Melendez P, Roeschmann C, Arevalo A, Moller J. The effect of oral calcium boluses at parturition on blood metabolites and milk yield in grazing Holstein cattle. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Khorrami B, Khiaosa-Ard R, Zebeli Q. Models to predict the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows based on dietary and cow factors: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7761-7780. [PMID: 33838889 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present research aimed at developing practical and feasible models to optimize feeding adequacy to maintain desired rumen pH conditions and prevent subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows. We conducted 2 meta-analyses, one using data from recent published literatures (study 1) to investigate the prediction of SARA based on nutrient components and dietary physical and chemical characteristics, and another using internal data of our 5 different published experiments (study 2) to obtain adjustments based on cow status. The results of study 1 revealed that physically effective neutral detergent fiber inclusive of particles >8 mm (peNDF >8) and dietary starch [% of dry matter (DM)] were sufficient for predicting daily mean ruminal pH {y = 5.960 - (0.00781 × starch) + (0.03743 × peNDF >8) - [0.00061 × (peNDF >8 × peNDF >8)]}. The model for time of pH suppression (<5.8 for ruminal pH or <6.0 for reticular pH, min/d) can be predicted with additionally including DMI (kg/d): 124.7 + (1.7007 × DMI) + (20.9270 × starch) + (0.2959 × peNDF >8) - [0.0437 × (DMI × starch × peNDF >8)]. As a rule of thumb, when taken separately, we propose 15 to 18% peNDF >8 as a safe range for diet formulation to prevent SARA, when starch or NFC levels are within 20 to 25% and 35 to 40% ranges, respectively. At dietary starch content below 20% of DM, grain type was insignificant in affecting ruminal pH. However, increasing dietary starch contents by using corn as the sole grain source could lead to more severe drops of pH compared with using grain mix based on barley and wheat, as underlined by an interaction between starch content and grain type. Data from study 2 emphasized an increased risk of SARA for cows in the first and second lactation with lower mean pH (0.2 units) and double amounts of time at pH <5.8 compared with the cows with ≥3 parities. Given that a lower ruminal pH is expected in these high-risk cows, it is advisable to keep the lower end of recommended starch (20%) and higher peNDF >8 (18%) contents in the diet of these cows. Overall, the present study underlines the possibility of predicting SARA based on dietary factors including peNDF >8 and starch contents, as well as DMI of the cows, which can be practically implemented for optimal diet formulation for dairy cows. With more data available, future studies should attempt to improve the predictions by including additional key dietary and cow factors in the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Khorrami
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, 3391653755 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-Ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Yang K, Tian X, Ma Z, Wu W. Feeding a Negative Dietary Cation-Anion Difference to Female Goats Is Feasible, as Indicated by the Non-Deleterious Effect on Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbial Population and Increased Plasma Calcium Level. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030664. [PMID: 33801486 PMCID: PMC7999398 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diets with a lower dietary cation-anion difference could prevent hypocalcemia, enhance health, and extend the economic life of transition mammary animals. However, there is less information on rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota for female goats fed a negative dietary cation-anion difference diet. We speculate that a negative dietary cation-anion difference would not affect the rumen fermentation parameters. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a negative dietary cation-anion difference diet on rumen pH, buffering capability, volatile fatty acids of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, total volatile fatty acid and acetic acid/propionic acid profiles, ruminal cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota. These results provide a further evaluation on the feasibility of feeding a negative dietary cation-anion difference diet to goats. Abstract The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) has been receiving increased attention in recent years; however, information on rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota of female goats fed a negative DCAD diet is less. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of feeding a negative DCAD diet for goats with emphasis on rumen fermentation parameters, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota. Eighteen female goats were randomly blocked to 3 treatments of 6 replicates with 1 goat per replicate. Animals were fed diets with varying DCAD levels at +338 (high DCAD; HD), +152 (control; CON), and −181 (low DCAD; LD). This study lasted 45 days with a 30-d adaption and 15-d trial period. The results showed that the different DCAD levels did not affect the rumen fermentation parameters including pH, buffering capability, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, sum of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, or the ratio of acetic acid/propionic acid (p > 0.05). The 4 main ruminal cellulolytic bacteria populations containing Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Ruminococcus albus did not differ from DCAD treatments (p > 0.05). There was no difference in bacterial richness and diversity indicated by the indices Chao, Abundance Coverage-based Estimator (Ace), or Simpson and Shannon, respectively (p > 0.05), among 3 DCAD levels. Both principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) weighted UniFrac distance and unweighted UniFrac distance showed no difference in the composition of rumen microbiota for CON, HD, and LD (p > 0.05). At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum followed by Firmicutes, Synergistetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetae, and Tenericutes, and they showed no difference (p > 0.05) in relative abundances except for Firmicutes, which was higher in HD and LD compared to CON (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundances of 11 genera were not affected by DCAD treatments (p > 0.05). The level of DCAD had no effect (p > 0.05) on growth performance (p > 0.05). Urine pH in LD was lower than HD and CON (p < 0.05). Goats fed LD had higher plasma calcium over HD and CON (p < 0.05). In summary, we conclude that feeding a negative DCAD has no deleterious effects on rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota and can increase the blood calcium level, and is therefore feasible for female goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (X.T.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xingzhou Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (X.T.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhengfa Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (X.T.); (Z.M.)
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (X.T.); (Z.M.)
- Institute of New Rural Development, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-8483-3325
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11
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Melendez P, Bartolome J, Roeschmann C, Soto B, Arevalo A, Möller J, Coarsey M. The association of prepartum urine pH, plasma total calcium concentration at calving and postpartum diseases in Holstein dairy cattle. Animal 2020; 15:100148. [PMID: 33573952 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of anionic salts to prevent milk fever in dairy cattle has been an effective nutritional strategy; however, the degree of acidification that determines the most acceptable productive responses and well-being of the cow is still a controversial topic. The objective of this study was to assess urine pH in prepartum Holstein cows fed anionic diets and determine its association with plasma total Ca, Mg, P, β-hydroxyl-butyrate (BHB) concentrations at parturition and the occurrence of peripartum disorders. This investigation consisted of 2 studies. Study 1 was conducted on a grazing dairy. Between February and May 2019, 60 prepartum multiparous cows were tested for urine pH and plasma metabolite concentration at parturition. Total Ca, P, Mg and BHB at day 1 in milk (DIM) were assessed and statistically analyzed by ANOVA (models for polynomial regression). Study 2 was conducted on a drylot dairy farm. Between July 2018 and January 2019, 203 cows were evaluated for urine pH and followed-up for 30 DIM to obtain the incidence of dystocia, stillbirths, milk fever, retained fetal membranes, metritis, clinical mastitis and ketosis. Cows were categorized based on their last urine pH as group 1: pH > 7.0 (n = 135); group 2: pH between 6.0 and 7.0 (n = 46) and group 3: pH < 6.0 (n = 22). A logistic regression model for each health event was conducted considering urine pH group as the main effect. Urine sample was collected at 2.71 ± 2.84 days before parturition. In study 1, there was a quadratic effect of urine pH on total Ca. Total Ca concentration was higher between urine pH 6.0 and 7.0, while decreasing below pH 6.0 and above pH 7.0. There was a trend (P = 0.11) for a quadratic effect of urine pH on the concentration of plasma BHB at parturition. β-Hydroxyl-butyrate was lower approximately between urine pH 6.5 and 7.5. In study 2, the odds for a stillborn in cows with urine pH < 6.0 was 2.39 (95% CI = 1.06-5.40) times the odds for a stillborn in cows with urine pH ≥ 7.0. There was no association between urine pH and the other diseases. In conclusion, cows with prepartum urine pH < 6.0 and >7.0 had lower concentration of plasma total Ca and tended to have a higher concentration of BHB. Cows with urine pH < 6.0 had a higher incidence of stillbirths than cows with urine pH > 7.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Melendez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - J Bartolome
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National University of La Pampa, Santa Rosa 6360, Argentina
| | - C Roeschmann
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - B Soto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National University of La Pampa, Santa Rosa 6360, Argentina
| | - A Arevalo
- Los Laureles Dairy Farm, Osorno 5390000, Chile
| | - J Möller
- Los Laureles Dairy Farm, Osorno 5390000, Chile
| | - M Coarsey
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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12
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Melendez P, Zaror V, Gaul P, Poock SE, Goff JP. Effect of diets containing sulfate or chloride-based anionic salts, fed to grazing prepartum dairy cows, on concentrations of Ca in plasma, disease incidence and milk yield. N Z Vet J 2018; 67:79-85. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1556747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Melendez
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Current address: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - V Zaror
- Department of Animal Sciences, Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Gaul
- Tribute Dairy, 1083 Co Rd 506, Benton, MO, USA
| | - SE Poock
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - JP Goff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IO, USA
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