1
|
Zhao T, Huang H, Li J, Shen J, Zhou C, Xiao R, Ma W. Association between erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and gut bacteria in obesity-related cognitive dysfunction. AMB Express 2023; 13:148. [PMID: 38123761 PMCID: PMC10733235 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, and the gut microbiota can affect brain cognitive function and obesity through a variety of pathways such as the gut-brain axis. This study aimed to discover how fatty acid affect cognitive function by regulating intestinal flora in obesity. Obese subjects were recruited for cognitive function assessment, and participants were divided into obese group with cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 49) and obese cognitively normal group (Non_MCI, n = 55). In the erythrocyte membrane, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) and n-6/n-3 ratio was higher in the MCI group than in the Non_MCI group. However, the α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) percentage of the erythrocyte membrane was lower in the MCI group. We found that Coriobacteriales_Incertae_Sedis was positively correlated with erythrocyte membrane C20:4 n-6 and n-6 PUFA and negatively correlated with cognitive scores in obese patients. In addition, several of the functional pathways we predicted were significantly different in the MCI and Non_MCI groups. Higher levels of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio in the erythrocyte membranes may influence the inflammatory response in the organism causing obesity induced cognitive damage. Moreover, high levels of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio may also affect the intestinal flora of obese patients, which in turn may affect the cognitive function of obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Huang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchen Li
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Shen
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Shu Z, Lv S, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Peng Y, Zheng J, Zhou Y, Hu C, Lan S. Fermented Chinese Herbs Improve the Growth and Immunity of Growing Pigs through Regulating Colon Microbiota and Metabolites. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3867. [PMID: 38136904 PMCID: PMC10740985 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the development of new antibiotic substitutes to promote pig growth and health has become an important way to solve the current dilemma and promote the pig industry. (2) Methods: to assess the effects of a fermented Chinese herbal (FCH) formula on the growth and immunity of growing pigs, 100 Duroc × Landrace × Yorshire three-way crossed growing pigs were randomly divided into control and treatment groups that were fed a basal diet, and a basal diet with 1% (group A), 2% (group B), and 3% (group C) FCH formulas, respectively. A sixty-day formal experiment was conducted, and their growth and serum indices, colonic microbiota, and metabolites were analyzed. (3) Results: the daily gain of growing pigs in groups A, B, and C increased by 7.93%, 17.68%, and 19.61%, respectively, and the feed-to-gain ratios decreased by 8.33%, 15.00%, and 14.58%, respectively. Serum immunity and antioxidant activities were significantly increased in all treatment groups. Particularly, adding a 2% FCH formula significantly changed the colon's microbial structure; the Proteobacteria significantly increased and Firmicutes significantly decreased, and the metabolite composition in the colon's contents significantly changed. (4) Conclusions: these results indicate that the FCH formula is a good feed additive for growing pigs, and the recommended addition ratio was 3%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhiheng Shu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sixiao Lv
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qingwen Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanhao Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingjie Peng
- Guangdong Chuangzhan Bona Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Guangning 526339, China;
| | - Jun Zheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chao Hu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shile Lan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van der Toorn M, Chatziioannou AC, Pellis L, Haandrikman A, van der Zee L, Dijkhuizen L. Biological Relevance of Goat Milk Oligosaccharides to Infant Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13935-13949. [PMID: 37691562 PMCID: PMC10540210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Milk is often regarded as the gold standard for the nourishment of all mammalian offspring. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of the life of the infant, followed by a slow introduction of complementary foods to the breastfeeding routine for a period of approximately 2 years, whenever this is possible ( Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding; WHO, 2003). One of the most abundant components in all mammals' milk, which is associated with important health benefits, is the oligosaccharides. The milk oligosaccharides (MOS) of humans and other mammals differ in terms of their concentration and diversity. Among those, goat milk contains more oligosaccharides (gMOS) than other domesticated dairy animals, as well as a greater range of structures. This review summarizes the biological functions of MOS found in both human and goat milk to identify the possible biological relevance of gMOS in human health and development. Based on the existing literature, seven biological functions of gMOS were identified, namely, MOS action as prebiotics, immune modulators, and pathogen traps; their modulation of intestinal cells; protective effect against necrotizing enterocolitis; improved brain development; and positive effects on stressor exposure. Overall, goat milk is a viable alternate supply of functional MOS that could be employed in a newborn formula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia Chrysovalantou Chatziioannou
- CarbExplore
Research BV, Groningen, 9747 AN The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- CarbExplore
Research BV, Groningen, 9747 AN The Netherlands
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jena A, Montoya CA, Fraser K, Giezenaar C, Young W, Mullaney JA, Dilger RN, Roy D, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Metabolite profiling of peripheral blood plasma in pigs in early postnatal life fed whole bovine, caprine or ovine milk. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1242301. [PMID: 37823089 PMCID: PMC10564076 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants' milk is commonly used for supplying nutrients to infants when breast milk is unavailable or limited. Previous studies have highlighted the differences between ruminants' milk composition, digestion, absorption, and fermentation. However, whether consuming different ruminants' milk impact the appearance of the circulatory blood metabolites in the early postnatal life is not well understood. The analysis conducted here aimed to determine the effect of feeding exclusively whole milk from bovine, caprine or ovine species to pigs, approximately 7 days-old for 15 days, on circulatory blood plasma metabolites. Relative intensities of plasma metabolites were detected using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomic approach. Seven polar and 83 non-polar (lipids) metabolites in plasma were significantly different (false discovery rate < 0.05) between milk treatments. These included polar metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and lipids belonging to phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and triglycerides. Compared to the caprine or bovine milk group, the relative intensities of polar metabolites and unsaturated triglycerides were higher in the peripheral circulation of the ovine milk group. In contrast, relative intensities of saturated triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine were higher in the bovine milk group compared to the ovine or caprine milk group. In addition, correlations were identified between amino acid and lipid intake and their appearance in peripheral blood circulation. The results highlighted that consuming different ruminants' milk influences the plasma appearance of metabolites, especially lipids, that may contribute to early postnatal life development in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Jena
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A. Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Giezenaar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (FEAST) Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane A. Mullaney
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Debashree Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Zhang F, Sun M, Liu J, Zhao L, Liu S, Li S, Wang B. The modulatory effects of gut microbes and metabolites on blood–brain barrier integrity and brain function in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15122. [PMID: 37009158 PMCID: PMC10064995 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Intestinal microbiota homeostasis and the gut-brain axis are key players associated with host health and alterations in metabolic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), which is closely associated with bacterial translocation, is a common secondary organ dysfunction and an urgent, unsolved problem affecting patient quality of life. Our study examined the neuroprotective effects of the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites on SAE.
Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were administered SCFAs in drinking water, then subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery to induce SAE. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to investigate gut microbiome changes. The open field test (OFT) and Y-maze were performed to evaluate brain function. The permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was assessed by Evans blue (EB) staining. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to examine intestinal tissue morphology. The expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins and inflammatory cytokines was assessed by western blots and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, bEND.3 cells were incubated with SCFAs and then with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunofluorescence was used to examine the expression of TJ proteins.
Results
The composition of the gut microbiota was altered in SAE mice; this change may be related to SCFA metabolism. SCFA treatment significantly alleviated behavioral dysfunction and neuroinflammation in SAE mice. SCFAs upregulated occludin and ZO-1 expression in the intestine and brain in SAE mice and LPS-treated cerebromicrovascular cells.
Conclusions
These findings suggested that disturbances in the gut microbiota and SCFA metabolites play key roles in SAE. SCFA supplementation could exert neuroprotective effects against SAE by preserving BBB integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fangxiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Meisha Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shuchun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mennella JA, Li Y, Bittinger K, Friedman ES, Zhao C, Li H, Wu GD, Trabulsi JC. The Macronutrient Composition of Infant Formula Produces Differences in Gut Microbiota Maturation That Associate with Weight Gain Velocity and Weight Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061241. [PMID: 35334900 PMCID: PMC8951061 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-principle study analyzed fecal samples from 30 infants who participated in a randomized controlled trial on the effects of the macronutrient composition of infant formula on growth and energy balance. In that study, infants randomized to be fed cow milk formula (CMF) had faster weight-gain velocity during the first 4 months and higher weight-for-length Z scores up to 11.5 months than those randomized to an isocaloric extensive protein hydrolysate formula (EHF). Here we examined associations among infant formula composition, gut microbial composition and maturation, and children’s weight status. Fecal samples collected before and monthly up to 4.5 months after randomization were analyzed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and targeted metabolomics. The EHF group had faster maturation of gut microbiota than the CMF group, and increased alpha diversity driven by Clostridia taxa. Abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus distinguished the two groups after exclusive feeding of the assigned formula for 3 months. Abundance of Clostridia at 3–4 months negatively correlated with prior weight-gain velocity and body weight phenotypes when they became toddlers. Macronutrient differences between the formulas likely led to the observed divergence in gut microbiota composition that was associated with differences in transient rapid weight gain, a well-established predictor of childhood obesity and other comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.B.); (C.Z.)
| | - Elliot S. Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.S.F.); (G.D.W.)
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.B.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.S.F.); (G.D.W.)
| | - Jillian C. Trabulsi
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-4991
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vacca M, Raspini B, Calabrese FM, Porri D, De Giuseppe R, Chieppa M, Liso M, Cerbo RM, Civardi E, Garofoli F, Cena H, De Angelis M. The establishment of the gut microbiota in 1-year-aged infants: from birth to family food. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2517-2530. [PMID: 35211851 PMCID: PMC9279275 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose With the aim of characterizing the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and contextually determine how different prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors affected its composition in early childhood, infants were enrolled in a longitudinal-prospective study named “A.MA.MI.” (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni; NCT04122612, October 2019). Methods Forty-five fecal samples were collected at 12 months of infants’ age, identified as the 3rd follow-up (T3). The evaluated variables were pre-gestational weight and weight gain during pregnancy, delivery mode, feeding, timing of weaning, and presence/absence of older siblings. Fecal alpha and beta-diversities were analyzed. Noteworthy, to determine the impact of the influencing factors, multivariate analyses were conducted. Results At T3, all prenatal and perinatal variables did not result to be significant whereas, among the postnatal variables, type of milk-feeding and weaning showed the greatest contribution in shaping the microbiota. Although aged 1 year, infants exclusively breastfed until 6 months were mainly colonized by Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Differently, Bacteroidaceae characterized the microbiota of infants that were never breastfed in an exclusive way. Moreover, although an early introduction of solid foods determined higher values of Faith’s PD, high abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Faecalibacterium mainly associated with infants weaned after the 4th month of age. Conclusion The microbial colonization during the first year of life is likely affected by a simultaneous effect of multiple variables playing a significant role at different times. Therefore, these data contribute to add evidence concerning the complex multifactorial interaction between GI microbiota and various stimuli affecting infants during the early stages of life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02822-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Raspini
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Debora Porri
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- Institute of Research, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- Institute of Research, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Cerbo
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Civardi
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Garofoli
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang H, Gallier S, Feng L, Han J, Liu W. Development of the digestive system in early infancy and nutritional management of digestive problems in breastfed and formula-fed infants. Food Funct 2022; 13:1062-1077. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food digestion and absorption in infants are closely related to early growth and long-term health. Human milk and infant formula are the main food sources for 0-6 month-old infants. Due...
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren S, Wang X, Qin J, Mu Q, Ye S, Zhang Y, Yu W, Guo J. Altered gut microbiota correlates with cognitive impairment in Chinese children with Down's syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:189-202. [PMID: 33999314 PMCID: PMC8816804 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Down's syndrome (DS), a common chromosomal disease caused by chromosome 21 trisomy, is the main cause of cognitive impairment in children worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a potential role in cognitive impairment. However, data regarding gut microbiota alterations in DS patients remain scarce, especially data from children with DS. This case-control study was conducted to explore the gut microbiota composition in Chinese DS children. Additionally, the potential association between gut microbiota and cognitive function in DS was evaluated. Microbiota communities in the feces of 15 DS subjects and 15 matched controls were investigated using high-throughput Illumina Miseq sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. The relationships between gut microbiota composition and DS cognitive function scores were analyzed. The structure and richness of the gut microbiota differed between DS patients and healthy controls. The abundance of Acidaminococcaceae was decreased in DS patients. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed increased modules related to peptidases and pyrimidine metabolism. Overall, we confirmed that gut microbiota alterations occurred in Chinese patients with DS. Additionally, the fecal microbiota was closely related to DS cognitive impairment. Larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings and to clarify the mechanisms involved. Elucidating these novel findings in the field of microbiota-gut-brain axis will provide a promising strategy for future studies of DS cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Jiong Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Qing Mu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Shuai Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Jingzhu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Cai J, Zhang F. Functional comparison of breast milk, cow milk and goat milk based on changes in the intestinal flora of mice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
11
|
Roupar D, Berni P, Martins JT, Caetano AC, Teixeira JA, Nobre C. Bioengineering approaches to simulate human colon microbiome ecosystem. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Butts CA, Paturi G, Hedderley DI, Martell S, Dinnan H, Stoklosinski H, Carpenter EA. Goat and cow milk differ in altering microbiota composition and fermentation products in rats with gut dysbiosis induced by amoxicillin. Food Funct 2021; 12:3104-3119. [PMID: 33725036 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02950e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are effective treatments for bacterial infections, however, their oral administration can have unintended consequences and may alter the gut microbiota composition. In this study, we examined the influence of antibiotics on the induction of gut dysbiosis and then evaluated the potential of cow and goat milk to restore the microbiota composition and metabolism in newly weaned rats. In the first study (gut dysbiosis model), rats were treated with amoxicillin, a mixture of antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole) or no antibiotics (control). Antibiotics reduced the rat body weights, food intakes and faecal outputs compared to the control group. Gut length was significantly decreased after the antibiotic intake. The bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and total bacteria) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; acetic, butyric and propionic) concentrations in rat caecum, colon and faeces were significantly altered by the antibiotic treatments. In the second study, we examined the effects of cow and goat milk in restoring bacterial populations and metabolism in rats with gut dysbiosis induced by amoxicillin. Goat milk significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. and decreased the numbers of Clostridium perfringens in the caecum and colon of rats treated with amoxicillin. Whereas, rats fed cow milk had higher Lactobacillus spp. and lower C. perfringens in the gut. Caecal and colonic SCFAs (acetic, butyric and propionic) concentrations differed significantly between rats fed cow and goat milk diets. Overall, goat and cow milk varied in their effects on the immature gut following antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in a rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ke A, Parreira VR, Goodridge L, Farber JM. Current and Future Perspectives on the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Controlling Pathogenic Cronobacter Spp. in Infants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:755083. [PMID: 34745060 PMCID: PMC8567173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.755083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter species, in particular C. sakazakii, is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen implicated in the development of potentially debilitating illnesses in infants (<12months old). The combination of a poorly developed immune system and gut microbiota put infants at a higher risk of infection compared to other age groups. Probiotics and prebiotics are incorporated in powdered infant formula and, in addition to strengthening gut physiology and stimulating the growth of commensal gut microbiota, have proven antimicrobial capabilities. Postbiotics in the cell-free supernatant of a microbial culture are derived from probiotics and can also exert health benefits. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, may provide further advantages as probiotics and gut commensals degrade prebiotics into short-chain fatty acids that can provide benefits to the host. Cell-culture and animal models have been widely used to study foodborne pathogens, but sophisticated gut models have been recently developed to better mimic the gut conditions, thus giving a more accurate representation of how various treatments can affect the survival and pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens. This review aims to summarize the current understanding on the connection between Cronobacter infections and infants, as well as highlight the potential efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in reducing invasive Cronobacter infections during early infancy.
Collapse
|