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Rivelli AR, Castronuovo D, Gatta BL, Liberatore MT, Libutti A. Qualitative Characteristics and Functional Properties of Cherry Tomato under Soilless Culture Depending on Rootstock Variety, Harvesting Time and Bunch Portion. Foods 2024; 13:1450. [PMID: 38790750 PMCID: PMC11120634 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato grafting is an effective practice in increasing the profitability of fresh-market tomato cultivation, especially in greenhouses, and is also considered a strategy for enhancing fruit quality. In this study, selected quanti-qualitative traits, and the of bioactive health-promoting compound and organic acid contents of cherry tomato fruits from three different scion/rootstock combinations (Sunstream/Top Bental, Sunstream/Kaiser and Sunstream/Suzuka) grown under a greenhouse hydroponic system were evaluated in three different harvests (beginning, middle and end of the whole harvesting period) and on three different bunch portions (proximal, central and distal). Although the tomato productive performance was influenced by the rootstock, with Suzuka and Kaiser grafted plants showing the highest total marketable yield (9.8 kg plant-1, i.e., 20% more than Top Bental), the yield-related traits (bunch number, weight and length per plant, and fruit number per bunch) and the qualitative characteristics of the fruits (color, equatorial and polar diameters, dry matter and solid soluble contents, pH and titratable acidity) showed less variability, by displaying, along with the bioactive compound contents (total polyphenols, lycopene, β-carotene), DPPH free radical scavenging activity and organic acids contents (lactic and acetic), a significant effect of the harvesting time and bunch portion. Fruits from the beginning of the harvesting period showed better qualitative and functional properties, with the lycopene and β-carotene contents equal to 178.6 and 3 mg 100 g-1 fw, and fruits from proximal and central bunch portions had lycopene and β-carotene contents equal to 203.1 and 2.9 mg 100 g-1 fw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Rivelli
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.R.R.); (D.C.)
| | - Donato Castronuovo
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.R.R.); (D.C.)
| | - Barbara La Gatta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.L.G.); (M.T.L.)
| | - Maria Teresa Liberatore
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.L.G.); (M.T.L.)
| | - Angela Libutti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.L.G.); (M.T.L.)
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Tareq FS, Singh J, Ferreira JFS, Sandhu D, Suarez DL, Luthria DL. A Targeted and an Untargeted Metabolomics Approach to Study the Phytochemicals of Tomato Cultivars Grown Under Different Salinity Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7694-7706. [PMID: 38530768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of increasing the salinity of irrigation water on the metabolic content and profiles of two tomato cultivars ('Jaune Flamme' (JF) and 'Red Pear' (RP)) using targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches. Irrigation of tomato plants was performed with four different salt concentrations provided by chloride (treatment 1) and sulfate (treatment 2) salts. Targeted analysis of the methanolic extract resulted in the identification of nine major polyphenols. Among them, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and naringenin were the prominent compounds in both cultivars. In addition, the quantification of 18 free amino acids from both tomato cultivars showed that different salinity treatments significantly enhanced the levels of glutamine, glutamic acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Using the untargeted metabolomic approach, we identified 129 putative metabolites encompassing a diverse array of phytochemicals including polyphenols, organic acids, lipids, sugars, and amino acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) of mass spectral data acquired under positive and negative ionization modes showed a clear separation between the two cultivars. However, only positive ionization showed separation among different salinity treatments. Unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms were applied to mine the generated data and to pinpoint metabolites different from the two cultivars. These findings suggest that different salinity conditions significantly influenced the accumulation of phytochemicals in tomato cultivars. This study will help tomato breeding programs to develop value-added tomato cultivars under varying environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Shahidullah Tareq
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jashbir Singh
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jorge F S Ferreira
- Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Donald L Suarez
- Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Lee NR, Kim YX, Lee Y, Lee C, Song Y, Park H, Lee CH, Lee Y. Metabolomics Reveals the Effects of Nitrogen/Phosphorus/Potassium (NPK) Fertilizer Levels on Cucumber Fruit Raised in Different Nutrient Soils. Metabolites 2024; 14:102. [PMID: 38392994 PMCID: PMC10891504 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fertilizers are widely used to improve the quality of fruits and vegetables. However, the overuse of fertilizers has become an issue because it causes environmental problems and negatively affects productivity and fruit quality. In this study, we examined the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer levels on the metabolism of cucumber fruit in low- and high-nutrient soils using mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches. Cucumber metabolite content was notably different depending on the initial soil nutrient status. Most amino acids and phenylpropanoids were abundant in the cucumbers raised in low-nutrient soil, whereas organic acids, some amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, and ornithine), and carbohydrates were comparatively higher in fruits from high-nutrient soil. The fertilizer supply resulted in an alteration in the metabolite profile, while no change in fruit yield was observed in either low- or high-nutrient soils. Fertilizer treatment perturbed the metabolite contents in cucumbers from low-nutrient soil. In contrast, treatment with higher concentrations of fertilizer in high-nutrient soil increased phenylpropanoid content in the cucumbers, while most metabolites decreased. In conclusion, fertilization levels should be carefully determined, considering culture conditions such as the original soil status, to increase product yield and fruit quality and avoid environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Rae Lee
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yangmin X. Kim
- Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.X.K.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (H.P.)
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25342, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chanwook Lee
- Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.X.K.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Yosung Song
- Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.X.K.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Hyejin Park
- Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.X.K.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yejin Lee
- Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.X.K.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (H.P.)
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Panara A, Gikas E, Koupa A, Thomaidis NS. Longitudinal Plant Health Monitoring via High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening Workflows: Application to a Fertilizer Mediated Tomato Growth Experiment. Molecules 2023; 28:6771. [PMID: 37836613 PMCID: PMC10574498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts have been spent in the modern era towards implementing environmentally friendly procedures like composting to mitigate the negative effects of intensive agricultural practices. In this context, a novel fertilizer was produced via the hydrolysis of an onion-derived compost, and has been previously comprehensively chemically characterized. In order to characterize its efficacy, the product was applied to tomato plants at five time points to monitor plant health and growth. Control samples were also used at each time point to eliminate confounding parameters due to the plant's normal growth process. After harvesting, the plant leaves were extracted using aq. MeOH (70:30, v/v) and analyzed via UPLC-QToF-MS, using a C18 column in both ionization modes (±ESI). The data-independent (DIA/bbCID) acquisition mode was employed, and the data were analyzed by MS-DIAL. Statistical analysis, including multivariate and trend analysis for longitudinal monitoring, were employed to highlight the differentiated features among the controls and treated plants as well as the time-point sequence. Metabolites related to plant growth belonging to several chemical classes were identified, proving the efficacy of the fertilizer product. Furthermore, the efficiency of the analytical and statistical workflows utilized was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.G.); (A.K.)
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Integrated Analysis of Widely Targeted Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveals the Effects of Transcription Factor NOR-like1 on Alkaloids, Phenolic Acids, and Flavonoids in Tomato at Different Ripening Stages. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121296. [PMID: 36557334 PMCID: PMC9853326 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is abundant in alkaloids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids; however, the effect of transcription factor NOR-like1 on these metabolites in tomato is unclear. We used a combination of widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to analyze wild-type tomatoes and CR-NOR-like1 tomatoes. A total of 83 alkaloids, 85 phenolic acids, and 96 flavonoids were detected with significant changes. Combined with a KEGG enrichment analysis, we revealed 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in alkaloid-related arginine and proline metabolism, 60 DEGs were identified in the phenolic acid-related phenylpropane biosynthesis, and 30 DEGs were identified in the flavonoid-related biosynthesis pathway. In addition, some highly correlated differential-expression genes with differential metabolites were further identified by correlation analysis. The present research provides a preliminary view of the effects of NOR-like1 transcription factor on alkaloid, phenolic acid, and flavonoid accumulation in tomatoes at different ripening stages based on widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics in plants, laying the foundation for extending fruit longevity and shelf life as well as cultivating stress-resistant plants.
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Singh DP, Bisen MS, Shukla R, Prabha R, Maurya S, Reddy YS, Singh PM, Rai N, Chaubey T, Chaturvedi KK, Srivastava S, Farooqi MS, Gupta VK, Sarma BK, Rai A, Behera TK. Metabolomics-Driven Mining of Metabolite Resources: Applications and Prospects for Improving Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012062. [PMID: 36292920 PMCID: PMC9603451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops possess a prominent nutri-metabolite pool that not only contributes to the crop performance in the fields, but also offers nutritional security for humans. In the pursuit of identifying, quantifying and functionally characterizing the cellular metabolome pool, biomolecule separation technologies, data acquisition platforms, chemical libraries, bioinformatics tools, databases and visualization techniques have come to play significant role. High-throughput metabolomics unravels structurally diverse nutrition-rich metabolites and their entangled interactions in vegetable plants. It has helped to link identified phytometabolites with unique phenotypic traits, nutri-functional characters, defense mechanisms and crop productivity. In this study, we explore mining diverse metabolites, localizing cellular metabolic pathways, classifying functional biomolecules and establishing linkages between metabolic fluxes and genomic regulations, using comprehensive metabolomics deciphers of the plant’s performance in the environment. We discuss exemplary reports covering the implications of metabolomics, addressing metabolic changes in vegetable plants during crop domestication, stage-dependent growth, fruit development, nutri-metabolic capabilities, climatic impacts, plant-microbe-pest interactions and anthropogenic activities. Efforts leading to identify biomarker metabolites, candidate proteins and the genes responsible for plant health, defense mechanisms and nutri-rich crop produce are documented. With the insights on metabolite-QTL (mQTL) driven genetic architecture, molecular breeding in vegetable crops can be revolutionized for developing better nutritional capabilities, improved tolerance against diseases/pests and enhanced climate resilience in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Yesaru S. Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tribhuwan Chaubey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Birinchi K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
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Tao H, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Hong G. Flavonoids in vegetables: improvement of dietary flavonoids by metabolic engineering to promote health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3220-3234. [PMID: 36218329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in plants, and have antioxidant effects as well as other bioactivities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, and neuroprotective effects). Vegetables are rich in flavonoids and are indispensable in our daily diet. Moreover, the vegetables as chassis for producing natural products would emerge as a promising means for cost-effective and sustainable production of flavonoids. Understanding the metabolic engineering of flavonoids in vegetables allows us to improve their nutrient composition. In this review, a comprehensive overview of flavonoids in vegetables, including the characterized types and distribution, health-promoting effects, associated metabolic pathways, and applied metabolic engineering are provided. We also introduce breakthroughs in multi-omics approaches that pertain to the elucidation of flavonoids metabolism in vegetables, as well as prospective and potential genome-editing technologies. Based on the varied composition and content of flavonoids among vegetables, dietary suggestions are further provided for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linying Li
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhao Z, Chen J, Ci F, Pang H, Cheng N, Xing A. α-Carotene: a valuable carotenoid in biological and medical research. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5606-5617. [PMID: 35478460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
α-Carotene, one of the C40 carotenes, is a natural lipid-soluble terpene. The chemical structure of α-carotene is based on the unsaturated polyene chain skeleton, with an ε-ring and a β-ring on each side of the skeleton. α-Carotene is widely found in dietary fruits and vegetables, and the concentration depends on the plant species. In addition, processing methods and storage conditions used in the food and medical industries can alter the concentration of α-carotene in raw materials. This review of α-carotene summarizes the major studies on chemical structure, source, extraction, detection, biosynthesis, processing effect, bioactivity, medicine, and biotechnology. Whether α-carotene supplementation or a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has a positive effect on the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases is the focus of this study. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - FangFang Ci
- Weihai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Weihai, China
| | - He Pang
- Ningbo Innolux Optoelectronics Ltd, Innolux Display Group, Innolux Corporation, Ningbo, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - Aijia Xing
- Department of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology (Rongcheng Campus), Weihai, China
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Jo HE, Song K, Kim JG, Lee CH. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis for the comparative evaluation of volatile organic compounds in 20 globally representative cucumber lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1028735. [PMID: 36247645 PMCID: PMC9558236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1028735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the main fruit-quality determinants in cucumber. Here, we investigated the differences in the VOC and primary metabolite composition among 20 representative cucumber lines. Results of non-targeted metabolomics revealed that the cucumber breeding line of the Korean group showed a unique VOC composition in the fruit peel compared to the other groups. Fruit-flesh VOCs significantly differed among Korean, European, and Thai fruits. The main cucumber flavor components, 2-hexenal, hexanal, 6-nonenal, 2,4-nonadienal, and 2,6-nonadienal, were lower in the Korean cucumber lines than in the others. Conversely, linoleic acid derivatives and α-linolenic acid, which are precursors of these VOCs, were abundant in Korean cucumber line. This suggests that the metabolism related to the characteristic flavor of cucumber are downregulated in Korean cucumber line. This study provides novel insights into the fruit flavor-associated metabolome in various cucumber lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Jo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihwan Song
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Gu Kim
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim YX, Son SY, Lee S, Lee Y, Sung J, Lee CH. Effects of limited water supply on metabolite composition in tomato fruits ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) in two soils with different nutrient conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:983725. [PMID: 36161007 PMCID: PMC9492987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effect of water supply to metabolites in tomato fruit was compared in two soils with different nutrient conditions, i.e., either limited or excess. Two types of soil nutrient condition, type A: nutrient-limited and type B: nutrient-excess, were prepared as follows; type A is a low nutrient-containing soil without a replenishment of starved nitrogen and phosphorous, type B is a high nutrient-containing soil exceeding the recommended fertilization. Soil water was adjusted either at -30 kPa (sufficient) or -80 kPa (limited). For harvested tomato fruits, we examined primary and secondary metabolites using non-targeted mass spectrometry based metabolomics. The fruit production and leaf SPAD were greatly dependent on soil nutrient levels, by contrast, the level of lycopene remained unchanged by different levels of water and nutrient supply. The perturbation of metabolites by water supply was clear in the nutrient-excess soil. In particular, limited water supply strongly decreased primary metabolites including sugars and amino acids. We demonstrated that water stress differently shifted primary metabolites of tomato fruits in two soils with different nutrient conditions via non-targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In conclusion, we suggest that the limited water supply in soils with surplus nutrient is not a recommendable way for tomato 'cv. Super Dotaerang' production if fruit nutritional quality such as sugars and amino acids is in the consideration, although there was no disadvantage in fruit yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin X. Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seulbi Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Jo HE, Son SY, Lee CH. Comparison of Metabolome and Functional Properties of Three Korean Cucumber Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:882120. [PMID: 35498687 PMCID: PMC9051474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is consumed worldwide and various cultivars have been developed to enhance fruit quality. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the quality of various cultivars. We carried out a metabolomics approach to study the three different cucumber cultivars (Chuichung, White Dadagi, and Mini) and their parts (peel and flesh) coupled with antioxidant activities. The amino acids, sugars, flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were upregulated in Mini flesh; however, in the case of peel, they were highly expressed in Chuichung. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the peel of Chuichung and flesh of Mini. Through correlation analysis between metabolites and antioxidant activity, apigenin and quercetin derivatives, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene were found to be significantly positively correlated with antioxidant activity. To understand the metabolism of these compounds, we performed a comprehensive pathway analysis using a metabolomics approach and analysis of associated gene expression. In secondary metabolism, the expression levels of carotenoid-related genes (15-cis-phytoene synthase and ζ-carotene desaturase) and chlorophyll-related genes (protochlorophyllide reductase and glutamyl-tRNA reductase) were consistent with the metabolome analysis data. Collectively, carotenoid and chlorophyll metabolism were upregulated in Chuichung peel and Mini flesh, which had the highest antioxidant activity in each part. These bioactive compounds can be used as biomarkers of commercial cucumber fruit quality. Accordingly, this study offers integrative insights into the quality of different cucumber cultivars and explores valuable metabolites and genes that are helpful in improving quality with functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Jo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Choong Hwan Lee,
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu K, Li Z, Tan X, Wang Y, Gao N, Liu C, Fang X, Wang Y. Lycopene Aggravates Acute Gastric Injury Induced by Ethanol. Front Nutr 2021; 8:697879. [PMID: 34485361 PMCID: PMC8415829 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.697879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is an important natural red pigment with strong singlet oxygen and peroxide free radical quenching ability. Ethanol directly destroys the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa, causing oxidative damage and inflammation. To evaluate the effect of lycopene on the ethanol induced gastric injury, 112 adult male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control, lycopene control, gastric injury control, omeprazole (20 mg/kg) positive control, and lycopene experimental groups (at doses of 10, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight) in this study. The general and pathological evaluation, gastric secretion, as well as the levels of antioxidant and inflammatory factors were detected. In lycopene experimental groups, the amount of gastric juice were lower than that in the gastric injury control group; the levels of T-SOD, and the levels of MDA and inflammatory factors (MMP-9 and MCP-1) decreased. However, general and pathological evaluation of gastric tissues revealed that lycopene (especially at high doses) could aggravate acute gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol. Therefore, lycopene (especially at high doses) aggravates acute gastric mucosal injury caused by ethanol, but this was not due to oxidative stress or inflammatory factors. In lycopene control group, the levels of MTL, T-SOD, and NO increased, but the levels of ALT and AST decreased, indicating that lycopene has a protective effect on the stomach and liver when ethanol wasn't taken. It reminds us that, when alcohol is consumed in large quantities, consumption of lycopene products should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Keying Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zexu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xingru Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- College of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Gao
- Amicogen (China) Biopharm Company, Jining, China
| | - Chenming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoqi Fang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Kim YX, Son S, Lee S, Jung E, Lee Y, Sung J, Lee C. Combined Effects of Nutrients × Water × Light on Metabolite Composition in Tomato Fruits ( Solanum Lycopersicum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071437. [PMID: 34371638 PMCID: PMC8309447 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation in the greenhouse can be facilitated by supplemental light. We compared the combined effects of nutrients, water, and supplemental light (red) on tomato fruit quality. To do this, three different nutrient conditions were tested, i.e., (1) low N, (2) standard N, and (3) high N. Water was supplied either at −30 kPa (sufficient) or −80 kPa (limited) of soil water potential. Supplemental red LED light was turned either on or off. The metabolites from tomato fruits were profiled using non-targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic approaches. The lycopene content was highest in the condition of high N and limited water in the absence of supplemental light. In the absence of red lighting, the lycopene contents were greatly affected by nutrient and water conditions. Under the red lighting, the nutrient and water conditions did not play an important role in enhancing lycopene content. Lower N resulted in low amino acids. Low N was also likely to enhance some soluble carbohydrates. Interestingly, the combination of low N and red light led to a significant increase in sucrose, maltose, and flavonoids. In high N soil, red light increased a majority of amino acids, including aspartic acid and GABA, and sugars. However, it decreased most of the secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, polyamines, and alkaloids. The water supply effect was minor. We demonstrated that different nutrient conditions of soil resulted in a difference in metabolic composition in tomato fruits and the effect of red light was variable depending on nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin X. Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Suyoung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Seulbi Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Eunsung Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Yejin Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2512 (J.S.); +82-2-2049-6177 (C.L.)
| | - Choonghwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2512 (J.S.); +82-2-2049-6177 (C.L.)
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