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Yuan X, Tan Y, Bajinka O, Jammeh ML, Dukureh A, Obiegbusi CN, Abdelhalim KA, Mohanad M. The connection between epigenetics and gut microbiota-current perspective. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3941. [PMID: 38379252 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Both the epigenetic changes and gut microbiota (GM) have attracted a growing interest in establishing effective diagnostics and potential therapeutic strategies for a number of diseases. These disorders include metabolic, central nervous system-related diseases, autoimmune, and gastrointestinal infections (GI). Despite the number of studies, there is no extensive review that connects the epigenetics modifications and GM as biomarkers that could confer effective diagnostics and confer treatment options. To this end, this review hopes to give detailed information on connecting the modifications in epigenetic and GM. An updated and detailed information on the connection between the epigenetics factors and GM that influence diseases are given. In addition, the review showed some associations between the epigenetics to the maternal GM and offspring health. Finally, the limitations of the concept and prospects into this new emerging discipline were also looked into. Although this review elucidated on the maternal diet and response to offspring health with respect to GM and epigenetic modifications, there still exist various limitations to this newly emerging discipline. In addition to integrating complementary multi-omics data, longitudinal sampling will aid with the identification of functional mechanisms that may serve as therapeutic targets. To this end, this review gave a detailed perspective into harnessing disease diagnostics, prevention and treatment options through epigenetics and GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Modou L Jammeh
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Abubakarr Dukureh
- Department of Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chidera N Obiegbusi
- Department of Medical Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Khalid A Abdelhalim
- Industrial Research and Development, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Mahmoud Mohanad
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, China
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Bima A, Eldakhakhny B, Alamoudi AA, Awan Z, Alnami A, Abo-Elkhair SM, Sakr H, Ghoneim FM, Elsamanoudy A. Molecular Study of the Protective Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet against Brain Insulin Resistance in an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1383. [PMID: 37891752 PMCID: PMC10605073 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain insulin resistance is linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet has been proposed to have a protective effect. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the brain insulin resistance markers in a rat animal model of MetS and the protective effects of the LCHF diet. Four groups of male rats (10/group) were created. Group I (Control) was fed a regular diet. Groups II-IV were injected with dexamethasone (DEX) to induce MetS. Group II received DEX with a regular diet. Group III (DEX + LCHF) rates were fed a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, while Group IV (DEX + HCLF) rats were fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet. At the end of the four-week experiment, HOMA-IR was calculated. Moreover, cerebral gene expression analysis of S-100B, BDNF, TNF-α, IGF-1, IGF-1 R, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-5, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 was carried out. In the DEX group, rats showed a significant increase in the HOMA-IR and a decrease in the gene expression of IGF-1, IGF-1 R, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-5, BDNF, and Bcl2, with a concomitant rise in S100B, TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3. The LCHF diet group showed a significantly opposite effect on all parameters. In conclusion, MetS is associated with dysregulated cerebral gene expression of BDNF, S100B, and TNF-α and disturbed IGF-1 signaling, with increased apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the LCHF diet showed a protective effect, as evidenced by preservation of the investigated biochemical and molecular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Bima
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa A. Alamoudi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Zuhier Awan
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abrar Alnami
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Salwa Mohamed Abo-Elkhair
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hussein Sakr
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed Ghoneim
- Faculty Development Unit, Physiological Science and Medical Education Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 23323, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayman Elsamanoudy
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
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Yalamarty SSK, Filipczak N, Li X, Subhan MA, Parveen F, Ataide JA, Rajmalani BA, Torchilin VP. Mechanisms of Resistance and Current Treatment Options for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072116. [PMID: 37046777 PMCID: PMC10093719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that is difficult to treat due to its resistance to both radiation and chemotherapy. This resistance is largely due to the unique biology of GBM cells, which can evade the effects of conventional treatments through mechanisms such as increased resistance to cell death and rapid regeneration of cancerous cells. Additionally, the blood–brain barrier makes it difficult for chemotherapy drugs to reach GBM cells, leading to reduced effectiveness. Despite these challenges, there are several treatment options available for GBM. The standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM patients involves surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Emerging treatments include immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapies, such as bevacizumab, that attempt to attack specific vulnerabilities in GBM cells. Another promising approach is the use of tumor-treating fields, a type of electric field therapy that has been shown to slow the growth of GBM cells. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these and other innovative treatments for GBM, intending to improve with outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, DHQ Hospital, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Bharat Ashok Rajmalani
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Evaluation of Concomitant Use of Anticancer Drugs and Herbal Products: From Interactions to Synergic Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215203. [PMID: 36358622 PMCID: PMC9657145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CAM is used by about 40% of cancer patients in Western Countries, with peaks of 80% for breast cancer patients. Cancer patients use CAM to boost immune function, to control cancer symptoms and treatment-related side effects, and to improve health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and survival. Unfortunately, self-prescription of natural remedies in cancer patients can lead to unexpected toxicities and can reduce the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Although CAM usually refers to all the "natural or organic" products/methods that are generally considered less toxic, there are concerns about drug interactions, especially in patients participating in clinical trials with experimental agents. Despite the claims of the promising and potential benefits made by prescribers, many CAMs lack clear scientific evidence of their safety and efficacy. Given the widespread use of CAM-both clearly declared and overt-in this review, we focused on the most important known data on the risk of interactions between biologics and oncology drugs with the goal of opening up CAM in accordance with the meaning of integrative medicine.
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Montella L, Del Gaudio N, Bove G, Cuomo M, Buonaiuto M, Costabile D, Visconti R, Facchini G, Altucci L, Chiariotti L, Della Monica R. Looking Beyond the Glioblastoma Mask: Is Genomics the Right Path? Front Oncol 2022; 12:926967. [PMID: 35875139 PMCID: PMC9306486 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most frequent and malignant brain tumor hallmarked by an invariably poor prognosis. They have been classically differentiated into primary isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1 -2) wild-type (wt) glioblastoma (GBM) and secondary IDH mutant GBM, with IDH wt GBMs being commonly associated with older age and poor prognosis. Recently, genetic analyses have been integrated with epigenetic investigations, strongly implementing typing and subtyping of brain tumors, including GBMs, and leading to the new WHO 2021 classification. GBM genomic and epigenomic profile influences evolution, resistance, and therapeutic responses. However, differently from other tumors, there is a wide gap between the refined GBM profiling and the limited therapeutic opportunities. In addition, the different oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in glial cell transformation, the heterogeneous nature of cancer, and the restricted access of drugs due to the blood–brain barrier have limited clinical advancements. This review will summarize the more relevant genetic alterations found in GBMs and highlight their potential role as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Montella
- Oncology Operative Unit, "Santa Maria delle Grazie" Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 NORD-, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Bove
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariella Cuomo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Michela Buonaiuto
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Davide Costabile
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,SEMM-European School of Molecular Medicine, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Visconti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Oncology Operative Unit, "Santa Maria delle Grazie" Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 NORD-, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.,BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Chiariotti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Della Monica
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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