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Carletti A, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Metabolic bone disorders and the promise of marine osteoactive compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 81:11. [PMID: 38117357 PMCID: PMC10733242 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic bone disorders and associated fragility fractures are major causes of disability and mortality worldwide and place an important financial burden on the global health systems. These disorders result from an unbalance between bone anabolic and resorptive processes and are characterized by different pathophysiological mechanisms. Drugs are available to treat bone metabolic pathologies, but they are either poorly effective or associated with undesired side effects that limit their use. The molecular mechanism underlying the most common metabolic bone disorders, and the availability, efficacy, and limitations of therapeutic options currently available are discussed here. A source for the unmet need of novel drugs to treat metabolic bone disorders is marine organisms, which produce natural osteoactive compounds of high pharmaceutical potential. In this review, we have inventoried the marine osteoactive compounds (MOCs) currently identified and spotted the groups of marine organisms with potential for MOC production. Finally, we briefly examine the availability of in vivo screening and validation tools for the study of MOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Carletti
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Paulo Jorge Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
- Collaborative Laboratory for Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUAcoLAB), Olhão, Portugal.
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Carletti A, Rosa JT, Pes K, Borges I, Santos T, Barreira L, Varela J, Pereira H, Cancela ML, Gavaia PJ, Laizé V. The osteogenic and mineralogenic potential of the microalgae Skeletonema costatum and Tetraselmis striata CTP4 in fish models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:310. [PMID: 37777592 PMCID: PMC10543572 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are problematic aspects for the aquaculture industry as skeletal deformities, which affect most species of farmed fish, increase production costs and affect fish welfare. Following recent findings that show the presence of osteoactive compounds in marine organisms, we evaluated the osteogenic and mineralogenic potential of commercially available microalgae strains Skeletonema costatum and Tetraselmis striata CTP4 in several fish systems. Ethanolic extracts increased extracellular matrix mineralization in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) bone-derived cell cultures and promoted osteoblastic differentiation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Long-term dietary exposure to both extracts increased bone mineralization in zebrafish and upregulated the expression of genes involved in bone formation (sp7, col1a1a, oc1, and oc2), bone remodeling (acp5a), and antioxidant defenses (cat, sod1). Extracts also improved the skeletal status of zebrafish juveniles by reducing the incidence of skeletal anomalies. Our results indicate that both strains of microalgae contain osteogenic and mineralogenic compounds, and that ethanolic extracts have the potential for an application in the aquaculture sector as dietary supplements to support fish bone health. Future studies should also identify osteoactive compounds and establish whether they can be used in human health to broaden the therapeutic options for bone erosive disorders such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Carletti
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana T. Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Present Address: Collaborative Laboratory for Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUAcoLAB), Olhão, Portugal
| | - Katia Pes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês Borges
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tamára Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Present Address: Collaborative Laboratory for Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUAcoLAB), Olhão, Portugal
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Diet Supplementation with Polyphenol-Rich Salicornia ramosissima Extracts Protects against Tissue Damage in Experimental Models of Cerebral Ischemia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235077. [PMID: 36501107 PMCID: PMC9735563 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Strokes are the second most common cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability. Regular consumption of polyphenols has been shown to reduce the risk of suffering a cardiovascular event. For this reason, we have investigated the protective effect of Salicornia ramosissima, a seasonal halophyte that synthetizes high amounts of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, in response to environmental stress. Aqueous, hydroalcoholic, and ethanolic extracts were prepared to investigate if dietary supplementation prior to ischemic challenge can prevent subsequent damage using two animal models. First, we screened the protective effect against hypoxia-reoxygenation in Drosophila melanogaster and observed that both ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts protected flies from the deleterious effects of hypoxia. Second, we confirmed the protective effect of S. ramosissima ethanolic extract against brain ischemia using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mice model. Four weeks of oral supplementation with the ethanolic extract before artery occlusion reduced infarct volume and lowered the plasma levels of the DNA peroxidant product 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Phytochemical profiling of S. ramosissima ethanolic extract revealed 50 compounds. Thus, it represents a valuable source of bioactive compounds that show promising disease-modifying activities and could be further developed as an effective food supplement for the prevention or treatment of neurovascular disorders.
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Rosa JT, Tarasco M, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Screening of Mineralogenic and Osteogenic Compounds in Zebrafish—Tools to Improve Assay Throughput and Data Accuracy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080983. [PMID: 36015130 PMCID: PMC9412667 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone disorders affect millions of people worldwide and treatments currently available often produce undesirable secondary effects or have limited efficacy. It is therefore of the utmost interest for patients to develop more efficient drugs with reduced off-target activities. In the long process of drug development, screening and preclinical validation have recently gained momentum with the increased use of zebrafish as a model organism to study pathological processes related to human bone disorders, and the development of zebrafish high-throughput screening assays to identify bone anabolic compounds. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the literature on zebrafish bone-related assays and evaluated their performance towards an integration into screening pipelines for the discovery of mineralogenic/osteogenic compounds. Tools available to standardize fish housing and feeding procedures, synchronize embryo production, and automatize specimen sorting and image acquisition/analysis toward faster and more accurate screening outputs were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T. Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- GreenColab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Carletti A, Cardoso C, Lobo-Arteaga J, Sales S, Juliao D, Ferreira I, Chainho P, Dionísio MA, Gaudêncio MJ, Afonso C, Lourenço H, Cancela ML, Bandarra NM, Gavaia PJ. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Extracts From Sea Cucumbers and Tunicates Induce a Pro-osteogenic Effect in Zebrafish Larvae. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888360. [PMID: 35614979 PMCID: PMC9125325 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis are characterized by the loss of mineral from the bone tissue leading to its structural weakening and increased susceptibility to fractures. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathophysiological processes involved in the rise of these conditions. As the currently available therapeutic strategies are often characterized by toxic effects associated with their long-term use, natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds such as polyphenols promise to be a valuable alternative for the prevention and treatment of these disorders. In this scope, the marine environment is becoming an important source of bioactive compounds with potential pharmacological applications. Here, we explored the bioactive potential of three species of holothurians (Echinodermata) and four species of tunicates (Chordata) as sources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds with a particular focus on polyphenolic substances. Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts were obtained from animals' biomass and screened for their content of polyphenols and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydroethanolic fractions of three species of tunicates displayed high polyphenolic content associated with strong antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity. Extracts were thereafter tested for their capacity to promote bone formation and mineralization by applying an assay that uses the developing operculum of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to assess the osteogenic activity of compounds. The same three hydroethanolic fractions from tunicates were characterized by a strong in vivo osteogenic activity, which positively correlated with their anti-inflammatory potential as measured by COX-2 inhibition. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of polyphenol-rich hydroethanolic extracts obtained from three species of tunicates as a substrate for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of bone disorders correlated to oxidative stress and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Carletti
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (FCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Algés, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lobo-Arteaga
- Division of Environmental Oceanography, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Algés, Portugal
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sabrina Sales
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Algés, Portugal
| | - Diana Juliao
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Algés, Portugal
| | - Inês Ferreira
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Algés, Portugal
| | - Paula Chainho
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Ana Dionísio
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Gaudêncio
- Division of Environmental Oceanography, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Algés, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Algés, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Lourenço
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Algés, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (FCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for BioMedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Algés, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (FCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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