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Zhu H, Miao R, Tao X, Wu J, Liu L, Qu J, Liu H, Sun Y, Li L, Qu Y. Longitudinal Changes in Milk Microorganisms in the First Two Months of Lactation of Primiparous and Multiparous Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1923. [PMID: 37370433 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present experiment was carried out to analyze the longitudinal changes in milk microorganisms. For this purpose, milk samples were collected from 12 healthy cows (n = 96; six primiparous cows and six multiparous cows) at eight different time points. The characteristics and variations in microbial composition were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. In the primiparous group, higher and more stable alpha diversity was observed in transitional and mature milk compared with the colostrum, with no significant difference in alpha diversity at each time point in the multiparous group. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota were the most dominant phyla, and Pseudomonas, UCG-005, Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Serratia, Staphylococcus, and Glutamicibacter were the most dominant genera in both primiparous and multiparous cow milk. Some typically gut-associated microbes, such as Bacteroides, UCG-005, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, etc., were enriched in the two groups. Biomarker taxa with the day in time (DIM) were identified by a random forest algorithm, with Staphylococcus showing the highest degree of interpretation, and the difference in milk microbiota between the two groups was mainly reflected in 0 d-15 d. Additionally, network analysis suggested that there were bacteria associated with the total protein content in milk. Collectively, our results disclosed the longitudinal changes in the milk microbiota of primiparous and multiparous cows, providing further evidence in dairy microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Renfang Miao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xinxu Tao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- Bright Farming Co., Ltd., No. 1518, West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Licheng Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, No. 101 Xiangfu Road, Herbin 150038, China
| | - Jiachen Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yanting Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, No. 99 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Lingyan Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yongli Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
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Zhao Y, Yu S, Li L, Zhao H, Li Y, Jiang L, Liu M. Feeding citrus flavonoid extracts decreases bacterial endotoxin and systemic inflammation and improves immunometabolic status by modulating hindgut microbiome and metabolome in lactating dairy cows. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 13:386-400. [PMID: 37214215 PMCID: PMC10196341 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with citrus flavonoid extracts (CFE) on milk performance, serum biochemistry parameters, fecal volatile fatty acids, fecal microbial community, and fecal metabolites in dairy cows. Eight multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design (21-day period). Cows were fed a basal diet without addition (CON) or basal diet with added CFE at 50 (CFE50), 100 (CFE10), and 150 g/d (CFE150). Feeding CFE up to 150 g/d increased milk yield and milk lactose percentage. Supplementary CFE linearly decreased milk somatic cell count. Serum cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations decreased linearly as the levels of CFE increased. Cows in CFE150 had lower serum lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein compared with CON. These results indicate feeding CFE decreased systemic inflammation and endotoxin levels in dairy cows. Furthermore, feeding CFE linearly increased the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, and butyrate in feces. The relative abundances of beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale group, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in feces increased linearly with increasing CFE supplementation. The diversity and community structure of fecal microbiota were unaffected by CFE supplementation. However, supplementing CFE reduced the relative abundances of genera Ruminococcus_torques_group, Roseburia, and Lachnospira, but increased genera Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium. Metabolomics analysis showed that supplementary CFE resulted in a significant modification in the fecal metabolites profile. Compared with CON, fecal naringenin, hesperetin, hippuric acid, and sphingosine concentrations were greater in CFE150 cows, while fecal GlcCer(d18:1/20:0), Cer(d18:0/24:0), Cer(d18:0/22:0), sphinganine, and deoxycholic acid concentrations were less in CFE150 cows. Predicted pathway analysis suggested that "sphingolipid metabolism" was significantly enriched. Overall, these results indicate that citrus flavonoids could exert health-promoting effects by modulating hindgut microbiome and metabolism in lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Beinong Enterprise Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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Yu S, Li L, Zhao H, Zhang S, Tu Y, Liu M, Zhao Y, Jiang L. Dietary citrus flavonoid extract improves lactational performance through modulating rumen microbiome and metabolites in dairy cows. Food Funct 2023; 14:94-111. [PMID: 36484332 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02751h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with citrus flavonoid extract (CFE) on milk performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbiome, rumen metabolome, and serum antioxidant indexes were evaluated. Eight multiparous lactating cows were allocated to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with 25-d periods consisting of 20 d of adaptation and 5 d of sampling. Experimental treatments included a control diet (CON) and CON supplemented with 50 g d-1 (CFE50), 100 g d-1 (CFE100), and 150 g d-1 (CFE150). Feeding CFE to dairy cows increased milk production and milk lactose. Milk somatic cell count linearly reduced with increasing CFE amount. Supplementing CFE linearly increased the ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and microbial crude protein. Ruminal lipopolysaccharide linearly decreased with increasing CFE amount. Compared with CON, CFE150 cows exhibited a greater abundance of Firmicutes and a low abundance of Bacteroidetes. Cellulolytic bacteria (genera Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Butyrivibrio) and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in the CFE150 cows. For archaea and viruses, major methanogens (genera Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina) and phylum Uroviricota were inhibited in the CFE150 cows. Compared with CON, the ruminal concentrations of tyrosine, proline, pyruvate, glucose, and glucose-6-phosphate were higher in the CFE150 cows. The metabolites of citrus flavonoids, such as hippuric acid, hesperetin, and naringenin, were increased in the CFE150 cows. Supplementing CFE significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of the dairy cows. This study highlighted that dietary supplementation with CFE led to significant changes in the rumen microbial composition and metabolites, and consequently resulted in an improved lactational performance of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yan Tu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Beijing Beinong Enterprise Management Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Microbiome-Metabolomics Insights into the Milk of Lactating Dairy Cows to Reveal the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Citrus Peel Extracts on the Mammary Metabolism. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244119. [PMID: 36553861 PMCID: PMC9778193 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with citrus peel extract (CPE) on milk biochemical parameters, milk bacterial community, and milk metabolites were evaluated. Eight lactating cows were allocated to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. Experimental treatments included the control diet (CON), and CON supplemented with CPE at 50 g/d (CPE50), 100 g/d (CPE100), and 150 g/d (CPE150). Supplementing with CPE linearly decreased milk interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde concentrations and linearly increased lysozyme activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Compared with CON, the milk of CPE150 cows had fewer abundances of several opportunistic pathogens and psychrotrophic bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Sphingobacterium, Alcaligenes, Stenotrophomonas, and Ochrobactrum. Supplementing with CPE significantly altered the metabolic profiling in the milk. The metabolites of flavonoids were enriched in the milk of cows fed CPE150, while some proinflammation compounds were decreased compared with CON. Correlation analysis showed that the change in the bacterial community might partly contribute to the alteration in the expression of milk cytokines. In conclusion, CPE exerts health-promoting effects (e.g., antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory) in the mammary metabolism of cows due to its flavonoid compounds, which also provide additional value in terms of milk quality improvement.
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Grape Pomace in Ewes Diet Affects Metagenomic Profile, Volatile Compounds and Biogenic Amines Contents of Ripened Cheese. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the development of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the accumulation of biogenic amines (BAs) in relation to the dynamic of microbial population composition in fresh and ripened cheese produced from raw milk of ewes fed a diet containing grape pomace (GP+) and fed a standard diet (Ctrl). Genomic DNA was extracted from the cheeses at 2 (T2), 60 (T60), 90 (T90) and 120 (T120) days of ripening and prepared for 16S rRNA-gene sequencing to characterize the cheese microbiota; furthermore, VOCs were determined via solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and biogenic amines by HPLC analyses. Diet did not affect the relative abundance of the main phyla identified, Proteobacteria characterized T2 samples, but the scenario changed during the ripening. At genus level, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium and Acinetobacter were the dominant taxa, however, a lower percentage of Pseudomonas was detected in GP+ cheeses. Enterococcus became dominant in ripened cheeses followed in Ctrl cheeses by Lactobacillus and in GP+ cheeses by Lactococcus. The diet affected the development of carboxylic acids and ketones but not of aldehydes. Low levels of esters were identified in all the samples. In total, four biogenic amines were determined in cheeses samples and their levels differed between the two groups and during ripening time. In 60, T90 and T120 GP+ cheeses, a lower amount of 2-phenylethylamine was found compared to Ctrl. Putrescine was detected only in GP+ samples and reached the highest level at 120 days. Conversely, the amount of cadaverine in GP+ samples was invariable during the ripening. The concentration of tyramine in GP+ samples was compared to Ctrl during the ripening. Overall, significant positive correlations between some families of bacteria and the formation of VOCs and BAs were found.
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Du B, Meng L, Wu H, Yang H, Liu H, Zheng N, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Wang J. Source Tracker Modeling Based on 16S rDNA Sequencing and Analysis of Microbial Contamination Sources for Pasteurized Milk. Front Nutr 2022; 9:845150. [PMID: 35578614 PMCID: PMC9106800 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.845150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is rich in fat, protein, minerals, vitamins, peptides, immunologically active substances, and other nutrients, and it plays an important role in satisfying human nutrition and health. However, dairy product safety incidents caused by microbial contamination have occurred. We found that the total bacterial numbers in the pasteurized product were low and far below the limit requirements of the food safety standards of the European Union, the United States, and China. At the genus level, the primary microbial groups found in milk samples were Acinetobacter, Macrococcus, Pseudomonas, and Lactococcus, while in the equipment rinse water and air samples there was contamination by Stenotrophomonas and Acinetobacter. The Source Tracker model analysis indicated that the microorganisms in the final milk products were significantly related to the contamination in product tanks and raw milk. Therefore, it is the hope that this work can provide guidance to pinpoint contamination problems using the proper quality control sampling at specific stages in the pasteurization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Du
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaigu Yang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaqi Wang
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