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Chesworth R, Yim HCH, Watt G, El-Omar E, Karl T. Cannabidiol (CBD) facilitates cocaine extinction and ameliorates cocaine-induced changes to the gut microbiome in male C57BL/6JArc mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:111014. [PMID: 38649130 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a global health problem with no approved medications. One potential treatment target is the gut microbiome, but it is unknown if cocaine induces long-lasting effects on gut microbes. A novel therapeutic candidate for CUD, cannabidiol (CBD), can improve gut function in rodent models. It is possible that protective effects of CBD against cocaine use are mediated by improving gut health. We examined this question in this experiment. Cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) was conducted in adult male C57BL/6JArc mice. Mice were treated with vehicle or 20 mg/kg CBD prior to all cocaine CPP sessions (N = 11-13/group). Mice were tested drug free 1, 14 and 28 days after cessation of cocaine and CBD treatment. Fecal samples were collected prior to drug treatment and after each test session. Gut microbiome analyses were conducted using 16 s rRNA sequencing and correlated with behavioural parameters. We found a persistent preference for a cocaine-environment in mice, and long-lasting changes to gut microbe alpha diversity. Cocaine caused persistent changes to beta diversity which lasted for 4 weeks. CBD treatment reduced cocaine-environment preference during abstinence from cocaine and returned gut beta diversity measures to control levels. CBD treatment increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phyla and Oscillospira genus, but decreased Bacteroidetes phyla and Bacteroides acidifaciens species. Preference score in cocaine-treated mice was positively correlated with abundance of Actinobacteria, whereas in mice treated with CBD and cocaine, the preference score was negatively correlated with Tenericutes abundance. Here we show that CBD facilitates cocaine extinction memory and reverses persistent cocaine-induced changes to gut microbe diversity. Furthermore, CBD increases the abundance of gut microbes which have anti-inflammatory properties. This suggests that CBD may act via the gut to reduce the memory of cocaine reward. Our data suggest that improving gut health and using CBD could limit cocaine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Chesworth
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Howard Chi-Ho Yim
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgia Watt
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Emad El-Omar
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Masoumi M, Manavi MA, Mohammad Jafari R, Mirzaei A, Hedayatyanfard K, Beigmohammadi MT, Dehpour AR. Cannabidiol Anticonvulsant Effects Against Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Male Rats Are Mediated by Neuroinflammation Modulation and Cannabinoids 1 (CB1), But Not CB2 and GABA A Receptors. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:797-808. [PMID: 37976207 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a series of seizures that can lead to serious neurological damages. Cannabidiol (CBD) is extracted from the cannabis plant, which has been approved as an antiseizure medication. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of various doses of CBD on lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE in rats and possible involvement of multiple pharmacological pathways. We hypothesized that cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and CB2, as well as GABAA receptors, might have important roles in the anticonvulsant effects of CBD against SE by its anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: SE was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lithium (127 mg/kg, i.p.) and pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, i.p., 20 h after lithium). Forty-two male rats were divided into seven groups (including control and sham groups), and the treated groups received different doses of CBD (1, 3, 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg, i.p.). SE score was recorded over the next 2 h following pilocarpine injection. Then, we measured the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-lβ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, using ELISA kits. Also we analyzed the expression of CB1, CB2, and GABAA receptors using the Western blot technique. Results: CBD at 5 mg/kg significantly reduced Racine's scale and duration of seizures, and increased the onset time of seizure. Moreover, CBD 5 mg/kg caused significant reductions in the elevated levels of IL-lβ and TNF-α, as well as a significant increase in the decreased level of CB1 receptor expression compared to the control group. In other word, CBD reverted the effects of SE in terms of neuroinflammation and CB1 receptor. Based on the obtained results, CBD was not able to restore the declined levels of CB2 or GABAA receptors. Conclusion: Our study found anticonvulsant effects of CBD on the SE rat model induced by lithium-pilocarpine with probable involvement of CB1 receptors and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing IL-1β and TNF-α markers independent of CB2 and GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Masoumi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Manavi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keshvad Hedayatyanfard
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi
- Department of Intensive Care, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rahman MM, Wu H, Tollefsbol TO. A novel combinatorial approach using sulforaphane- and withaferin A-rich extracts for prevention of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer through epigenetic and gut microbial mechanisms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12091. [PMID: 38802425 PMCID: PMC11130158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-negative [ER(-)] mammary cancer is the most aggressive type of breast cancer (BC) with higher rate of metastasis and recurrence. In recent years, dietary prevention of BC with epigenetically active phytochemicals has received increased attention due to its feasibility, effectiveness, and ease of implementation. In this regard, combinatorial phytochemical intervention enables more efficacious BC inhibition by simultaneously targeting multiple tumorigenic pathways. We, therefore, focused on investigation of the effect of sulforaphane (SFN)-rich broccoli sprouts (BSp) and withaferin A (WA)-rich Ashwagandha (Ash) combination on BC prevention in estrogen receptor-negative [ER(-)] mammary cancer using transgenic mice. Our results indicated that combinatorial BSp + Ash treatment significantly reduced tumor incidence and tumor growth (~ 75%) as well as delayed (~ 21%) tumor latency when compared to the control treatment and combinatorial BSp + Ash treatment was statistically more effective in suppressing BC compared to single BSp or Ash intervention. At the molecular level, the BSp and Ash combination upregulated tumor suppressors (p53, p57) along with apoptosis associated proteins (BAX, PUMA) and BAX:BCL-2 ratio. Furthermore, our result indicated an expressional decline of epigenetic machinery HDAC1 and DNMT3A in mammary tumor tissue because of combinatorial treatment. Interestingly, we have reported multiple synergistic interactions between BSp and Ash that have impacted both tumor phenotype and molecular expression due to combinatorial BSp and Ash treatment. Our RNA-seq analysis results also demonstrated a transcriptome-wide expressional reshuffling of genes associated with multiple cell-signaling pathways, transcription factor activity and epigenetic regulations due to combined BSp and Ash administration. In addition, we discovered an alteration of gut microbial composition change because of combinatorial treatment. Overall, combinatorial BSp and Ash supplementation can prevent ER(-) BC through enhanced tumor suppression, apoptosis induction and transcriptome-wide reshuffling of gene expression possibly influencing multiple cell signaling pathways, epigenetic regulation and reshaping gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 902 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Huixin Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 902 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 902 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 933 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3100 East Science Hall, 902 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Yang R, Liu J, Diao L, Wei L, Luo H, Cai L. A meta-analysis of the changes in the Gut microbiota in patients with intractable epilepsy compared to healthy controls. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 120:213-220. [PMID: 38290181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore gut microbiota changes in intractable epilepsy patients compared to healthy control individuals through meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, medRxiv, bioRxiv, ilae.org, clinical trial databases, and papers from the International Epilepsy Congress (IEC) were searched, and the literature on the correlation between intractable epilepsy and the gut microbiota reported from database establishment to June 2023 was included. Literature meeting the inclusion criteria was screened, and meta-analysis of the included literature was performed using RevMan5.4 software. RESULTS Ten case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were 183 patients with intractable epilepsy and 283 healthy control subjects. The analysis results indicated that Bacteroidetes (MD = -0.64, 95 %-CI = -1.21 to -0.06) and Ruminococcaceae (MD = -1.44, 95 % CI = -1.96 to -0.92) were less abundant in the patients with intractable epilepsy than in the normal population. Proteobacteria (MD = 0.53, 95 % CI = 0.02 to 1.05) and Verrucomicrobia (MD = 0.26, 95 % CI = 0.06 to 0.45) were more abundant in the patients with intractable epilepsy than in the normal population. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcaceae were reduced while those of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were significantly increased in patients with intractable epilepsy. The above changes in these four taxa of the gut microbiota may have been induced by intractable epilepsy, which may increase the risk of seizures. Their roles in the pathogenesis of intractable epilepsy need to be further explored, and related factors that influence microbiota changes should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Limei Diao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Huazheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Lun Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China.
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Zhang QY, Xu LL, Zhong MT, Chen YK, Lai MQ, Wang Q, Xie XL. Gestational GenX and PFOA exposures induce hepatotoxicity, metabolic pathway, and microbiome shifts in weanling mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168059. [PMID: 37884144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium perfluoro (2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX), a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), has been detected in multiple environmental media and biological samples worldwide. Accumulated evidence implies that GenX exposure might exert adverse health effects, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully revealed. In this study, pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to GenX (2 mg/kg/day), PFOA (1 mg/kg/day), or Milli-Q water by gavage from the first day of gestation (GD0) until GD21. Necropsy and tissue collection were conducted in pups at 4 weeks of age. PFOA and GenX induced similar histopathological changes in both the liver and the intestinal mucosa, accompanied by higher serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase. Moreover, the capacity of hepatic glycogen storage and intestinal mucus secretion were significantly decreased, suggesting dysfunction of liver metabolism and the intestinal mucosal barrier. A total of 637 and 352 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the liver tissues of GenX and PFOA group, respectively. Most of the enriched pathways from the DEGs by KEGG enrichment analysis were metabolism-associated. Moreover, overexpression of CYP4A14, Sult2a1, Cpt1b, Acaa1b, Igfbp1, Irs-2 and decreased expression of Gys2 were observed in livers of GenX exposed pups, supporting the hypothesis that there was metabolic disruption. Furthermore, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest proteins (Gadd45β, p21, Ppard) were significantly increased, while cell proliferation-related proteins (Cyclin E, Myc, EGFR) were decreased by gestational GenX exposure in the pups' liver. In addition, imbalance of gut microbiota and dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa barrier might contribute to hepatotoxicity at least in part. Taken together, our results suggested that gestational GenX exposure triggered metabolic disorder, which might be responsible for the hepatotoxicity in the pups in addition to dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa barrier. This study enriches the mechanisms of GenX-induced developmental hepatotoxicity by associating metabolic disorder with intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Ting Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Kui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Quan Lai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
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Zhen BX, Cai Q, Li F. Chemical components and protective effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5848-5864. [PMID: 38074916 PMCID: PMC10701307 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i43.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. (A. japonica, Chinese name: Guan-Cangzhu, Japanese name: Byaku-jutsu), a perennial herb, which is mainly distributed in northeast area of China, it’s often used to treat digestive system diseases such as gastric ulcer (GU). However, the mechanism of its potential protective effects against GU remains unclear.
AIM To investigate the protective effects of A. japonica on acetic acid-induced GU rats.
METHODS The chemical constituents of A. japonica were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The rat model of GU was simulated by acetic acid method. The pathological changes of gastric tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin stain, the levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) in serum and gastric tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the mRNA expressions of EGFR, NF-κBp65, IkappaBalpha (IκBα) and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) in gastric tissues were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the efficacy was observed. Then, plasma metabolomic analysis was performed by UPLC-MS/MS to screen the specific potential biomarkers, metabolic pathways and to explore the possible mechanisms.
RESULTS 48 chemical constituents were identified. Many of them have strong pharmacological activity, the results also revealed that A. japonica significantly improved the pathological damage of gastric tissues, increased the expression levels of IL-10, IκBα related to anti-inflammatory factors, decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, NF-κB, NF-κBp65, related to proinflammatory factors, restored the levels of factors about EGF, EGFR, ZO-1 associated with ulcer healing and the levels of factors about NKA associated with energy metabolism. Metabolomic analysis identified 10 potential differential metabolites and enriched 7 related metabolic pathways.
CONCLUSION These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential mechanism of A. japonica to improve acetic acid-induced GU, and will be of great importance for the development and clinical application of natural drugs related to A. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xian Zhen
- Department of Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
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Kundu S, Nayak S, Rakshit D, Singh T, Shukla R, Khatri DK, Mishra A. The microbiome-gut-brain axis in epilepsy: pharmacotherapeutic target from bench evidence for potential bedside applications. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3557-3567. [PMID: 36880679 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis augments the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain and modulates gut homeostasis and the central nervous system through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, enteroendocrine system, neuroendocrine system, inflammatory and immune pathways. Preclinical and clinical reports showed that gut dysbiosis might play a major regulatory role in neurological diseases such as epilepsy, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that causes recurrent and unprovoked seizures, and numerous risk factors are implicated in developing epilepsy. Advanced consideration of the gut-microbiota-brain axis can reduce ambiguity about epilepsy pathology, antiepileptic drugs, and effective therapeutic targets. Gut microbiota sequencing analysis reported that the level of Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes was increased and the level of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes was decreased in epilepsy patients. Clinical and preclinical studies also indicated that probiotics, ketogenic diet, faecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics can improve gut dysbiosis and alleviate seizure by enhancing the abundance of healthy biota. This study aims to give an overview of the connection between gut microbiota, and epilepsy, how gut microbiome changes may cause epilepsy, and whether gut microbiome restoration could be used as a treatment for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehashis Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Sudipta Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Debarati Rakshit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
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Ning K, Duan Y, Tong W, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Xie Q, Xiang H. Protective Effects of Different Molecular Weights of Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) Aqueous Extract on DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1400. [PMID: 37507939 PMCID: PMC10376347 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purslane, a common wild vegetable, contains active substances with various biological functions. However, its effects have been under-investigated in ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, this study investigated the therapeutic effects of purslane macromolecular (POEM) and small molecular extracts (POES) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Membrane separation was used to obtain extracts of different molecular weights, and their compositional differences were compared using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). POEM contained more proteins and polysaccharides, whereas POES contained more organic acids and alkaloids. These differences in composition were directly responsible for the different degrees of remission of the alleviated UC in model mice. POEM may alleviate UC by regulating the antioxidant capacity and the gut microbiota, whereas the major alleviatory effect of POES was primarily related to the regulation of antioxidant capacity. The POEM and POES effects identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for the development of purslane as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yameng Duan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weiwei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qinghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, China
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9
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Shi YZ, Tao QF, Qin HY, Li Y, Zheng H. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and urticaria: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1189484. [PMID: 37426010 PMCID: PMC10324650 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1189484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cumulative evidence showed an association between gut microbiota and urticaria, but the causal relationship between them is unclear. We aimed to verify whether there is a causal relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and urticaria and explore whether the causal effect was bidirectional. Methods We obtained genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data of 211 gut microbiota and urticaria from the most extensive available GWAS database. A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to test the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and urticaria. The MR analysis was primarily performed with the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), and MR-PRESSO were performed as sensitivity analyses. Results The Phylum Verrucomicrobia (OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.61; p = 0.04), Genus Defluviitaleaceae UCG011 (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.59; p = 0.02), and Genus Coprococcus 3 (OR 1.44, 95%CI 1.02 to 2.05; p = 0.04) was a risk effect against urticaria. And Order Burkholderiales (OR 0.68, 95%CI 0.49 to 0.99; p = 0.04) and Genus Eubacterium xylanophilum group (OR 0.78, 95%CI 0.62 to 0.99; p = 0.04) were negatively associated with urticaria, suggesting a protective effect. At the same time, urticaria had a positively causal effect on gut microbiota (Genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group) (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.16; p = 0.02). These findings showed no influence by heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Moreover, most sensitivity analyses showed results consistent with those of IVW analysis. Conclusion Our MR study confirmed the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and urticaria, and the causal effect was bidirectional. Nevertheless, these findings warrant further examination owing to the unclear mechanisms.
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Rodrigues FDS, Jantsch J, Fraga GDF, Dias VS, Eller S, De Oliveira TF, Giovenardi M, Guedes RP. Cannabidiol treatment improves metabolic profile and decreases hypothalamic inflammation caused by maternal obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1150189. [PMID: 36969815 PMCID: PMC10033544 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe implications of maternal overnutrition on offspring metabolic and neuroimmune development are well-known. Increasing evidence now suggests that maternal obesity and poor dietary habits during pregnancy and lactation can increase the risk of central and peripheral metabolic dysregulation in the offspring, but the mechanisms are not sufficiently established. Furthermore, despite many studies addressing preventive measures targeted at the mother, very few propose practical approaches to treat the damages when they are already installed.MethodsHere we investigated the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment to attenuate the effects of maternal obesity induced by a cafeteria diet on hypothalamic inflammation and the peripheral metabolic profile of the offspring in Wistar rats.ResultsWe have observed that maternal obesity induced a range of metabolic imbalances in the offspring in a sex-dependant manner, with higher deposition of visceral white adipose tissue, increased plasma fasting glucose and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels in both sexes, but the increase in serum cholesterol and triglycerides only occurred in females, while the increase in plasma insulin and the homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA-IR) was only observed in male offspring. We also found an overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL) 6, and interleukin (IL) 1β in the hypothalamus, a trademark of neuroinflammation. Interestingly, the expression of GFAP, a marker for astrogliosis, was reduced in the offspring of obese mothers, indicating an adaptive mechanism to in utero neuroinflammation. Treatment with 50 mg/kg CBD oil by oral gavage was able to reduce white adipose tissue and revert insulin resistance in males, reduce plasma triglycerides in females, and attenuate plasma LPS levels and overexpression of TNFα and IL6 in the hypothalamus of both sexes.DiscussionTogether, these results indicate an intricate interplay between peripheral and central counterparts in both the pathogenicity of maternal obesity and the therapeutic effects of CBD. In this context, the impairment of internal hypothalamic circuitry caused by neuroinflammation runs in tandem with the disruptions of important metabolic processes, which can be attenuated by CBD treatment in both ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Victor Silva Dias
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco De Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Renata Padilha Guedes,
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