Effects of Salt and Homogenization Processing on the Gastrointestinal Fate of Micro/Nano-Sized Colloidal Particles in Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesusis) Head Soup: In vitro Digestion Study

Changes in physicochemical properties and formation process of colloidal nanoparticles (CNPs) during the lamb soup stewing

Colloidal nanoparticles (CNPs), as carriers of nutrients, naturally exist in food or form during cooking. In this study, the colloidal properties, structures, rheological properties, and chemical composition location of CNPs were analyzed during 15 min to 5 h lamb soup stewing. With the increasing stewing time, the particle size and absolute value of the zeta potential of CNPs increased, indicating that CNPs became more stable. As the stewing time increased, the blue-shifted Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy absorption peaks and the red-shifted fluorescence spectroscopy absorption peaks certificated the structural changes in CNPs. And α-helix and β-turn content decreased, while β-sheet and random coil content increased in processing, potentially resulting in the opening CNPs structures. In addition, our findings revealed that proteins were encapsulated within the lipids in the inner part, while carbohydrates were dispersed in the outermost layers of the CNPs with a phospholipid bilayer.