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Chen ZQ, He WY, Yang SY, Ma HH, Zhou J, Li H, Zhu YD, Qian XK, Zou LW. Discovery of natural anthraquinones as potent inhibitors against pancreatic lipase: structure-activity relationships and inhibitory mechanism. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2398561. [PMID: 39223707 PMCID: PMC11373360 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2398561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is acknowledged as a significant risk factor for various metabolic diseases, and the inhibition of human pancreatic lipase (hPL) can impede lipid digestion and absorption, thereby offering potential benefits for obesity treatment. Anthraquinones is a kind of natural and synthetic compounds with wide application. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 31 anthraquinones on hPL were evaluated. The data shows that AQ7, AQ26, and AQ27 demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against hPL, and exhibited selectivity towards other known serine hydrolases. Then the structure-activity relationship between anthraquinones and hPL was further analysed. AQ7 was found to be a mixed inhibition of hPL through inhibition kinetics, while AQ26 and AQ27 were effective non-competitive inhibition of hPL. Molecular docking data revealed that AQ7, AQ26, and AQ27 all could associate with the site of hPL. Developing hPL inhibitors for obesity prevention and treatment could be simplified with this novel and promising lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiang Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Yao He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong-Hong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Di Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xing-Kai Qian
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Mingmuang J, Bunwatcharaphansakun P, Suriya U, Pipatrattanaseree W, Andriyas T, Tansawat R, Chansriniyom C, De-Eknamkul W. Identification of pancreatin inhibitors from Thai medicinal Piper plants for antidiabetic and anti-obesity activities using high-performance thin-layer chromatography-bioautographic assay. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1736:465358. [PMID: 39277979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the potential of natural products against diabetes and obesity is in demand nowadays. Pancreatic α-amylase and pancreatic lipase are the drug targets to minimize the absorption of glucose from starch and fatty acids from lipids, respectively. In this study, five Piper species, namely P. sarmentosum (Ps), P. wallichii (Pw), P. retrofractum (Pr), P. nigrum (Pn), and P. betle (Pb), which are commonly used as food ingredients and traditional medicines, were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against pancreatin using the microtiter plate method. Additionally, pancreatin inhibitors were identified through a cost-effective high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-bioautography developed using red starch and p-nitrophenyl palmitate, corresponding to anti-amylase and -lipase activities, respectively. Of the 15 samples tested, leaf samples from Pb, which had the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against pancreatin, with a relative amylase inhibitory capacity (RAIC) ranging between 4.260 × 10-5 and 4.861 × 10-5 and a reciprocal half-maximal inhibitory concentration (1/IC50, PTL) of 0.390-0.510 (mg/mL)-1. Additionally, Ps samples demonstrated the second-ranked anti-pancreatin activity. Principal component analysis indicated that total phenolic content contributed to the anti-pancreatin activities of Pb samples. The anti-pancreatin bands were isolated and identified as caffeic acid, myricetin, genistein, piperine, and eugenol. Myricetin, in the roots of Ps samples, showed notable anti-pancreatin activity, which was consistent with results from the in silico prediction toward pancreatic α-amylase and pancreatic lipase. Caffeic acid and eugenol were present in Pb samples. In conclusion, the developed cost-effective pancreatin HPTLC-bioautography efficiently identified amylase and lipase inhibitors from Piper herbs, which supported the use of these plants for antidiabetes and anti-obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranuch Mingmuang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Utid Suriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Weerachai Pipatrattanaseree
- Regional Medical Science Center 12 Songkhla, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Tushar Andriyas
- Metabolomics for Life Sciences Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rossarin Tansawat
- Metabolomics for Life Sciences Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chaisak Chansriniyom
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Natural Products and Nanoparticles, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Wanchai De-Eknamkul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Natural Products and Nanoparticles, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Qin XY, Zhu R, Hou XD, Zhu GH, Zhang M, Fan YF, Qi SL, Huang J, Tang H, Wang P, Ge GB. Discovery of baicalein derivatives as novel inhibitors against human pancreatic lipase: Structure-activity relationships and inhibitory mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133523. [PMID: 38945336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Human pancreatic lipase (hPL) is a vital digestive enzyme responsible for breaking down dietary fats in humans, inhibiting hPL is a feasible strategy for preventing and treating obesity. This study aims to investigate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of flavonoids as hPL inhibitors, and to find potent hPL inhibitors from natural and synthetic flavonoids. In this work, the anti-hPL effects of forty-nine structurally diverse naturally occurring flavonoids were assessed and the SARs were summarized. The results demonstrated that the pyrogallol group on the A ring was a key moiety for hPL inhibition. Subsequently, a series of baicalein derivatives were synthesized, while 4'-amino baicalein (ABA) and 4'-pyrrolidine baicalein (PBA) were identified as novel potent hPL inhibitors (IC50 < 1 μM). Further investigations showed that scutellarein, ABA and PBA potently inhibited hPL in a non-competitive manner (Ki < 1 μM). Among all tested flavonoids, PBA showed the most potent anti-hPL effect in vitro, while this agent also exhibited favorable safety profiles, unique tissue distribution (high exposure level to intestinal system but low exposure levels to deep organs) and impressive in vivo effects for lowering blood triglyceride levels in mice. Collectively, this work uncovers the SARs of flavonoids against hPL, while a newly synthetic flavonoid (PBA) emerges as a potent hPL inhibitor with favorable safety profiles and impressive anti-hPL effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Qin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Qi
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Radheshyam, Gauniya P, Semalty M, Semalty A. Antiobesity Drug Discovery Research: In vitro Models for Shortening the Drug Discovery Pipeline. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:388-403. [PMID: 38500275 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501289136240312060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global health problem, leading to various chronic diseases. Despite standard treatment options, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, emphasizing the need for new drugs. in vitro methods of drug discovery research provide a time and cost-saving platform to identify new antiobesity drugs. The review covers various aspects of obesity and drug discovery research using in vitro models. Besides discussing causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, the review focuses on the advantages and limitations of in vitro studies and exhaustively covers models based on enzymes and cell lines from different animal species and humans. In contrast to conventional in vivo animal investigations, in vitro preclinical tests using enzyme- and cell line-based assays provide several advantages in development of antiobesity drugs. These methods are quick, affordable, and provide high-throughput screening. They can also yield insightful information about drug-target interactions, modes of action, and toxicity profiles. By shedding light on the factors that lead to obesity, in vitro tests can also present a chance for personalized therapy. Technology will continue to evolve, leading to the creation of more precise and trustworthy in vitro assays, which will become more and more crucial in the search for novel antiobesity medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Gauniya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mona Semalty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajay Semalty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
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5
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Zhang M, Hou XD, Liu W, Wang L, Jiang MF, Hou J, Tang H, Ge GB. Uncovering the anti-obesity constituents in Ginkgo biloba extract and deciphering their synergistic effects. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105669. [PMID: 37683877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized as a key risk factor for multiple metabolic disorders, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and many types of cancer. Herbal medicines have been frequently used for preventing and treating obesity in many countries, but in most cases, the key anti-obesity constituents in herbs and their anti-obesity mechanisms are poorly understood. This study demonstrated a case study for uncovering the anti-obesity constituents in an anti-obesity herbal medicine (Ginkgo biloba extract) and deciphering their synergistic effects via targeting human pancreatic lipase (hPL). Following screening the anti-hPL effects of eighty herbal medicines, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50) was found with the most potent anti-hPL activity. Global chemical profiling of herbal constituents coupling with hPL inhibition assay revealed that the bioflavonoids and several flavonoids in GBE50 were key anti-hPL constituents. Among all tested thirty-eight constituents, sciadopitysin, bilobetin, quercetin, isoginkgetin, and ginkgetin showed potent anti-hPL effects (IC50 values <2.5 μM). Inhibition kinetic analyses suggested that sciadopitysin, bilobetin, quercetin, isoginkgetin, and ginkgetin acted as non-competitive inhibitors of hPL, with the Ki values were <2 μM. Docking simulations revealed that four bioflavonoids (sciadopitysin, bilobetin, isoginkgetin, and ginkgetin) could tightly bind on hPL at cavity 2, which it is different from the binding cavity of quercetin on hPL. Further investigations demonstrated that the combinations of quercetin and one bioflavonoid-type hPL inhibitor (sciadopitysin or bilobetin) showed synergistic anti-hPL effects, suggesting that the multi-components in GBE50 may generate more potent anti-hPL effect. Collectively, our findings uncovered the anti-obesity constituents in GBE50, and explored their anti-hPL mechanisms as well as synergistic effects at molecular levels, which will be very helpful for further understanding the anti-obesity mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Mei-Fang Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhao Y, Zhang M, Hou X, Han J, Qin X, Yang Y, Song Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Jia Q, Li Y, Chen K, Li B, Zhu W, Ge G. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of salicylanilides as novel allosteric inhibitors of human pancreatic lipase. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 91:117413. [PMID: 37490786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global health problem and is associated with increased prevalence of many metabolic disorders, including diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Pancreatic lipase (PL) has been validated as a key target for developing anti-obesity agents, owing to its crucial role in lipid digestion and absorption. In the past few decades, porcine PL (pPL) is always used as the enzyme source for screening PL inhibitors, which generate numerous pPL inhibitors but the potent inhibitors against human PL (hPL) are rarely reported. Herein, a series of salicylanilide derivatives were designed and synthesized, while their anti-hPL effects were assayed by a fluorescence-based biochemical approach. To investigate the structure-activity relationships of salicylanilide derivatives as hPL inhibitors in detail, structural modifications on three rings (A, B and C) of the salicylanilide skeleton were performed. Among all tested compounds, 2t and 2u were found possessing the most potent anti-PL activity, showing IC50 values of 1.86 μM and 1.63 μM, respectively. Inhibition kinetic analyses suggested that both 2t and 2u could effectively inhibit hPL in a non-competitive manner, with the ki value of 1.67 μM and 1.70 μM, respectively. Fluorescence quenching assays suggested that two inhibitors could quench the fluorescence of hPL via a static quenching procedure. Molecular docking simulations suggested that 2t and 2u could tightly bind on an allosteric site of hPL. Collectively, the structure-activity relationships of salicylanilide derivatives as hPL inhibitors were carefully investigated, while two newly identified reversible hPL inhibitors (2t and 2u) could be used as promising lead compounds to develop novel anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xudong Hou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaxin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoya Qin
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunqing Song
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhikai Liu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Sooriyaarachchi P, Jayawardena R. Impact of the economic crisis on food consumption of Sri Lankans: An online cross-sectional survey. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102786. [PMID: 37269783 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated how the economic crisis has changed Sri Lankans' food consumption. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in the month of July 2022, using an e-questionnaire based on Google Forms. The questionnaire assessed respondents' socio-demographics, food consumption, and dietary patterns before and during the economic crisis. The changes were compared using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. RESULTS A total of 1095 respondents, aged ≥18 years were included in the survey. There was a significant reduction in the average consumption of main meals per day during the economic crisis (pre: 3.09 ± 0.42, post: 2.82 ± 0.47; P < 0.001). The intake of food items such as rice, bread, and snacks also reduced significantly (P < 0.001). The average daily milk intake frequency decreased from 1.41 ± 1.07 to 0.57 ± 0.80 meals/day (P < 0.001). On contrary, the intake of non-dairy beverages such as malted milk and "plain tea" has increased by several folds. Consumption of fruit and vegetables showed a significant reduction in both frequency and portion size. The consumption of meat, fish, eggs and dhal also decreased in around three-quarters of the study sample. During this period majority (81%) used food coping mechanisms and the most adopted strategy was buying less expensive food. CONCLUSION Sri Lankans' food consumption have been adversely altered due to the country's economic crisis. There has been an overall reduction in the amount and frequency of intake of many common food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Nawaloka Hospital Research and Education Foundation, Nawaloka Hospitals PLC, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Yang J, Deng Y, Zhang M, Feng S, Peng S, Yang S, Liu P, Cai G, Ge G. Construction and Manipulation of Serial Gradient Dilution Array on a Microfluidic Slipchip for Screening and Characterizing Inhibitors against Human Pancreatic Lipase. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020274. [PMID: 36832040 PMCID: PMC9954273 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the foremost public health concerns. Human pancreatic lipase (hPL), a crucial digestive enzyme responsible for the digestion of dietary lipids in humans, has been validated as an important therapeutic target for preventing and treating obesity. The serial dilution technique is commonly used to generate solutions with different concentrations and can be easily modified for drug screening. Conventional serial gradient dilution is often performed with tedious multiple manual pipetting steps, where it is difficult to precisely control fluidic volumes at low microliter levels. Herein, we presented a microfluidic SlipChip that enabled formation and manipulation of serial dilution array in an instrument-free manner. With simple slipping steps, the compound solution could be diluted to seven gradients with the dilution ratio of 1:1 and co-incubated with the enzyme (hPL)-substrate system for screening the anti-hPL potentials. To ensure complete mixing of solution and diluent during continuous dilution, we established a numerical simulation model and conducted an ink mixing experiment to determine the mixing time. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the serial dilution ability of the proposed SlipChip using standard fluorescent dye. As a proof of concept, we tested this microfluidic SlipChip using one marketed anti-obesity drug (Orlistat) and two natural products (1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) and sciadopitysin) with anti-hPL potentials. The IC50 values of these agents were calculated as 11.69 nM, 8.22 nM and 0.80 μM, for Orlistat, PGG and sciadopitysin, respectively, which were consistent with the results obtained by conventional biochemical assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Yanyan Deng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832099, China
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Peirong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Gaozhe Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Hu Q, Xiong Y, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Huang P, Ge G. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro): Structure, function, and emerging therapies for COVID-19. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e151. [PMID: 35845352 PMCID: PMC9283855 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main proteases (Mpro), also termed 3-chymotrypsin-like proteases (3CLpro), are a class of highly conserved cysteine hydrolases in β-coronaviruses. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that 3CLpros play an indispensable role in viral replication and have been recognized as key targets for preventing and treating coronavirus-caused infectious diseases, including COVID-19. This review is focused on the structural features and biological function of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease Mpro (also known as 3CLpro), as well as recent advances in discovering and developing SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors. To better understand the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors, the inhibition activities, inhibitory mechanisms, and key structural features of various 3CLpro inhibitors (including marketed drugs, peptidomimetic, and non-peptidomimetic synthetic compounds, as well as natural compounds and their derivatives) are summarized comprehensively. Meanwhile, the challenges in this field are highlighted, while future directions for designing and developing efficacious 3CLpro inhibitors as novel anti-coronavirus therapies are also proposed. Collectively, all information and knowledge presented here are very helpful for understanding the structural features and inhibitory mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors, which offers new insights or inspiration to medicinal chemists for designing and developing more efficacious 3CLpro inhibitors as novel anti-coronavirus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Clinical Pharmacy CenterCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical College, HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guang‐Hao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ya‐Ni Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Wen Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy CenterCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical College, HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ping Huang
- Clinical Pharmacy CenterCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical College, HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Guang‐Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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