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Zhang G, Li B, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Cheng D, Wang F, Wei Z, Mao N, Wang S, Liu X, Sun Y. Biodegradation of humic acids by Streptomyces rochei to promote the growth and yield of corn. Microbiol Res 2024; 286:127826. [PMID: 38964074 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) are organic macromolecules that play an important role in improving soil properties, plant growth and agronomic parameters. However, the feature of relatively complex aromatic structure makes it difficult to be degraded, which restricts the promotion to the crop growth. Thus, exploring microorganisms capable of degrading HAs may be a potential solution. Here, a HAs-degrading strain, Streptomyces rochei L1, and its potential for biodegradation was studied by genomics, transcriptomics, and targeted metabolomics analytical approaches. The results showed that the high molecular weight HAs were cleaved to low molecular aliphatic and aromatic compounds and their derivatives. This cleavage may be associated with the laccase (KatE). In addition, the polysaccharide deacetylase (PdgA) catalyzes the removal of acetyl groups from specific sites on the HAs molecule, resulting in structural changes. The field experiment showed that the degraded HAs significantly promote the growth of corn seedlings and increase the corn yield by 3.6 %. The HAs-degrading products, including aromatic and low molecular weight aliphatic substances as well as secondary metabolites from S. rochei L1, might be the key components responsible for the corn promotion. Our findings will advance the application of HAs as soil nutrients for the green and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Baolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dujuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ziyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Chen N, Jiang T, Xu J, Xi W, Shang E, Xiao P, Duan JA. The relationship between polysaccharide structure and its antioxidant activity needs to be systematically elucidated. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132391. [PMID: 38761914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have a wide range of applications due to their excellent antioxidant activity. However, the low purity and unclear structure of polysaccharides have led some researchers to be skeptical about the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides. The current reports on the structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides are sporadic, so there is an urgent need to systematically summarize the antioxidant effects of polysaccharides with clear structures and the relationships between the structures to provide a scientific basis for the development and application of polysaccharides. This paper will systematically elucidate the structure-activity relationship of antioxidant polysaccharides, including the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, degree of branching, advanced conformation and chemical modification. For the first time, the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides is related to their chemical structure through histogram and radar map, and further studies using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. We critically discussed how the source, chemical structure and chemically modified groups of polysaccharides significantly contribute to their antioxidant activity and summarized the current research status and shortcomings of the structure-activity relationship of antioxidant polysaccharides. This review provides a theoretical basis and new perspective for further research on the structure-activity relationship of antioxidant polysaccharides and the development of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingyue Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianxin Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjie Xi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Erxin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Jia X, Wu Y, Liu Z, Dai Y, Li T, Gao M, Xu C. Coating effect of renatured triple-helix lentinan on the morphology and antimicrobial activity of ZnO synthesized by hydrothermal method. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17814-17823. [PMID: 38832239 PMCID: PMC11145745 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01590h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are considered to be ideal green raw materials for enhancing biocompatibility and dispersion effects of nanoparticles. In this study, we coated and dispersed ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using the denaturation-renaturation process of a triple helix glucan lentinan (LNT), induced by changes in pH value within the reaction system. Various ZnO/LNT composites with different particle sizes and crystal morphologies were prepared and characterized. The results demonstrated that renatured LNT (r-LNT) effectively encapsulated the {101̄0} crystal planes of ZnO, preventing crystal growth during the renaturation process and resulting in smaller, uniformly dispersed nanoparticles. Among the samples, ZnO/r-LNT-2 exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity, and it had a certain inhibitory effect on various plant pathogens. It also displayed the highest inhibitory effect against Candida albicans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of up to 8 μg mL-1. Consistently, ZnO/r-LNT-2 generated the highest amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus exhibiting the most effective antimicrobial activity. However, excessive introduction of the dispersant LNT may reduce these activities. This study provides a foundation for further exploring the detailed mechanism of ROS generation catalyzed by ZnO and for harnessing the full potential of this type of antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Jia
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Yihong Wu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Tianxiao Li
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Mingqi Gao
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 61291027
| | - Chunping Xu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
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Sun H, Yu W, Li H, Hu X, Wang X. Bioactive Components of Areca Nut: An Overview of Their Positive Impacts Targeting Different Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:695. [PMID: 38474823 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Areca catechu L. is a widely cultivated tropical crop in Southeast Asia, and its fruit, areca nut, has been consumed as a traditional Chinese medicinal material for more than 10,000 years, although it has recently attracted widespread attention due to potential hazards. Areca nut holds a significant position in traditional medicine in many areas and ranks first among the four southern medicines in China. Numerous bioactive compounds have been identified in areca nuts, including alkaloids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and fatty acids, which exhibit diverse bioactive functions, such as anti-bacterial, deworming, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, they also display beneficial impacts targeting the nervous, digestive, and endocrine systems. This review summarizes the pharmacological functions and underlying mechanisms of the bioactive ingredients in areca nut. This helps to ascertain the beneficial components of areca nut, discover its medicinal potential, and guide the utilization of the areca nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenzhen Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Tong T, Xu A, Tan S, Jiang H, Liu L, Deng S, Wang H. Biological Effects and Biomedical Applications of Areca Nut and Its Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:228. [PMID: 38399443 PMCID: PMC10893415 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dried, mature fruit of the palm tree species Areca catechu L. is known as the areca nut (AN) or betel nut. It is widely cultivated in the tropical regions. In many nations, AN is utilized for traditional herbal treatments or social activities. AN has historically been used to address various health issues, such as diarrhea, arthritis, dyspepsia, malaria, and so on. In this review, we have conducted a comprehensive summary of the biological effects and biomedical applications of AN and its extracts. Initially, we provided an overview of the constituents in AN extract. Subsequently, we summarized the biological effects of AN and its extracts on the digestive system, nervous system, and circulatory system. And we elucidated the contributions of AN and its extracts in antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial applications. Finally, we have discussed the challenges and future perspectives regarding the utilization of AN and its extracts as emerging pharmaceuticals or valuable adjuncts within the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Aiqing Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Shuhua Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Hengzhi Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Senwen Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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Chen D, Li J, Gao Q, Kang Z, Chen H, Fu P. Structural characterization of polysaccharide fractions in areca (Areca catechu L.) inflorescence and study of its immunological enhancement activity in vitro and in vivo. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113006. [PMID: 37330846 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To obtain the structure-function relationship of the polysaccharides derived from areca (Areca catechu L.) inflorescences in the aspect of its immunomodulatory ability, the plant-based polysaccharide was isolated and purified on column chromatography. The purity, primary structure and immune activity of four polysaccharide fractions (AFP, AFP1, AFP2 and AFP2a) were characterized comprehensively. The main chain of AFP2a was confirmed to be composed of → 3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, with branch chains linked to the O-3 position on the main chain. The immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated using the RAW264.7 cells and immunosuppression mice model. It was observed that AFP2a enabled greater NO release (49.72 μmol/L) than other fractions, significantly promoted the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and improved splenocyte proliferation and T lymphocyte phenotype in mice. The present results may shine a light on a new research direction in immunoenhancers and provide a theoretical foundation for the development and application of areca inflorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jin Li
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zonghua Kang
- Hunan Kouweiwang Group Co., Ltd, Yiyang 413499, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China; Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Yao C, Zhang Y, Sun X, Pei H, Wei S, Wang M, Chang Q, Liu X, Jiang N. Areca catechu L. ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression behavior in rats by the promotion of the BDNF signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114459. [PMID: 37245336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we have investigated the anti-depressant effects of the fruit Areca catechu L. (ACL) and elucidated its potential underlying mechanism using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). METHODS CUMS was induced in rats to establish a depression animal model for 28 days. According to the baseline sucrose preference, the male rats were divided into 6 different groups. They were treated with paroxetine hydrochloride, ACL, and water once a day until the behavioral tests were performed. The levels of corticosterone (CORT), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum were detected using a commercial kit, and the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain tissues were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. doublecortin (DCX) expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) was determined by immunofluorescence, and the relative abundance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, PSD-95, and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β of brain tissues were assayed by western blot. RESULTS ACL markedly increased sucrose preference, decreased the immobility time, and shortened the feeding latency of CUMS-induced rats. CUMS induction resulted in marked changes in the contents of the monoamine neurotransmitters (5-HT and DA) in the hippocampus and cortex of brain tissues and the levels of CORT, MDA, CAT, and T-SOD in serum, whereas ACL administration alleviated these considerable changes. ACL promoted DCX expression in DG and increased the protein levels of BDNF, TrkB, PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, PSD-95, and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β in the brains of CUMS-induced rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ACL may improve depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced rats by decreasing the hyperfunction and oxidative stress of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis, and activating the BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Yao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Pei
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Liu PF, Chang YF. The Controversial Roles of Areca Nut: Medicine or Toxin? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108996. [PMID: 37240342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) is used for traditional herbal medicine and social activities in several countries. It was used as early as about A.D. 25-220 as a remedy. Traditionally, AN was applied for several medicinal functions. However, it was also reported to have toxicological effects. In this review article, we updated recent trends of research in addition to acquire new knowledge about AN. First, the history of AN usage from ancient years was described. Then, the chemical components of AN and their biological functions was compared; arecoline is an especially important compound in AN. AN extract has different effects caused by different components. Thus, the dual effects of AN with pharmacological and toxicological effects were summarized. Finally, we described perspectives, trends and challenges of AN. It will provide the insight of removing or modifying the toxic compounds of AN extractions for enhancing their pharmacological activity to treat several diseases in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center of Neuromuscular Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Wang Z, Liu H, Fu R, Ou J, Wang B. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of a novel polysaccharide PKP2-1 from Polygonatum kingianum. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1156798. [PMID: 37051130 PMCID: PMC10083337 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1156798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the structure characterization and antiinflammatory activity of a novel polysaccharide, PKP2-1, from the rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. and Hemsl.MethodsWe isolated a novel polysaccharide, PKP2-1, from the rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. and Hemsl. for the first time, which was then successively purified through hot-water extraction, 80% alcohol precipitation, anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of PKP2-1 in MH7A cells was assessed using a CCK-8 kit assay.ResultsMonosaccharide composition assay revealed that PKP2-1 was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid at an approximate molar ratio of 6:2:2:1. It had a molecular weight of approximately 17.34 kDa. Structural investigation revealed that the backbone of PKP2-1 consisted of (→2, 3)-α-D-Galp(4→, →2)-α-D-Manp(3→, →2)-β-D-Glcp(4→) and α-D-Glcp(3→) residues with side chains (→2)-β-D-Glcp(4→, →1)-α-D-Galp(4→) and α-D-Glcp(3→) branches located at O-3 position of (→2, 3)-α-D-Galp(4→). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of PKP2-1 in MH7A cells revealed that PKP2-1 could reduce the expression of IL-11β and IL-6, increase the expression of IL-10 and induce apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts.ConclusionThe PKP2-1 could inhibit MH7A cell growth and potentially be exploited as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Liu H, Zhao Y, Chen L, Du J, Guo H, Wang B. A Novel Method for the Pre-Column Derivatization of Saccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. by Integrating Lambert-Beer Law and Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052186. [PMID: 36903433 PMCID: PMC10004654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) safety and effectiveness can be ensured by establishing a suitable quality assessment system. This work aims to develop a pre-column derivatization HPLC method for Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. quality control. In this study, 1-(4'-cyanophenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (CPMP) was synthesized and reacted with monosaccharides derived from P. cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCPs), followed by HPLC separation. According to the Lambert-Beer law, CPMP has the highest molar extinction coefficient of all synthetic chemosensors. A satisfactory separation effect was obtained under a detection wavelength of 278 nm using a carbon-8 column and gradient elution over 14 min, with a flow rate of 1 mL per minute. Glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and mannose (Man) make up the majority of the monosaccharide components in PCPs, and their molar ratios are 1.73:0.58:1. The confirmed HPLC method has outstanding precision and accuracy, establishing a quality control method for PCPs. Additionally, the CPMP showed a visual improvement from colorless to orange after the detection of reducing sugars, allowing for further visual analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Leijing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (B.W.)
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (B.W.)
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Chang S, Hu J, Zhu B, You L, Pedisić S, Hileuskaya K. The effects of alginate lyase treatment on structural characteristics and anti‐photoaging activity of alginate from
Sargassum fusiforme. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Chang
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Biyang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology & Biotechnology University of Zagreb Zadar Croatia
| | - Kseniya Hileuskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Belarus
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12
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Liu X, Chen S, Liu H, Xie J, Hasan KMF, Zeng Q, Wei S, Luo P. Structural properties and anti-inflammatory activity of purified polysaccharides from Hen-of-the-woods mushrooms ( Grifola frondosa). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1078868. [PMID: 36824172 PMCID: PMC9941675 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1078868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is an edible medicinal mushroom that has been proven to have a variety of health benefits. The main active ingredients of this mushroom are polysaccharides. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to obtain crude Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (GFPs). Then, purified GFP was obtained after purification. The optimum extraction conditions were an extraction time of 71 min, an extraction temperature of 90°C in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:37 g/mL, and an ultrasonic power of 500 W. GFP was purified using DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100. The structural characterization of GFP was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ion chromatography (IC), and ultraviolet (UV) visible photometry. The morphology of GFP was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and Congo red testing. In addition, the administration of GFP in oxazolone (OXZ)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice was found to prevent weight loss. Different doses of GFP (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg body weight) were used, and sulfapyridine (SASP) was used as a positive control (370 mg/kg body weight) for the treatment of OXZ-induced UC. After treatment, the mice were killed, and blood and colon tissue samples were collected. GFP was found to prevent decreases in colon length and the levels of leukocytes, platelets, and neutrophils in UC mice. Moreover, GFP also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1 β], increased IL-10, and reduced colon injury in UC mice. The results showed that Under these conditions, the predicted polysaccharide yield was 21.72%, and the actual extraction rate was 21.13%. The polysaccharide composition (molar ratio) was composed of fucose (0.025), glucosamine hydrochloride (0.004), galactose (0.063), glucose (0.869), and mannose (0.038). GFP was also found to have a typical absorption peak, and the GFP extracted using the ultrasound-assisted extraction protocol was mainly β-glucan. These results indicate that ultrasound-assisted extraction of GFP could reduce OXZ-induced intestinal inflammation as a promising candidate for the treatment of UC, with the potential for development as a food supplement to improve intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - K. M. Faridul Hasan
- Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Qibing Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,*Correspondence: Shaofeng Wei,
| | - Peng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Peng Luo,
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13
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An F, Ren G, Wu J, Cao K, Li M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Song M, Wu R. Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Lonicera japonica Thunb. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1035760. [PMID: 36386958 PMCID: PMC9664063 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1035760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel water-soluble polysaccharide (HEP-4) with a molecular weight of 1.98 × 105Da was extracted from honeysuckle. Structural characterization was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, nucleus magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that HEP-4 is primarily composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a mole ratio of 6.74:1.56:1.04:14.21:4.31:5.4, and the major types of the glycosidic bond types of HEP-4 were 1-α-D-Glcp, 1,4-β-D-Glcp, 1-β-D-Arap, 1,3,4-β-D-Arap, and 1,3,6-β-D-Manp. The results of bioactivity experiments revealed that HEP-4 had antioxidant in vitro. In addition, HEP-4 inhibited H2O2-induced oxidative damage and increased the activity of HepG2 cells by reducing MDA levels and inhibiting ROS production. Meanwhile, HEP-4 significantly enhanced the activities of GSH-Px and CAT, indicating that HEP-4 exerts a protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative stress. These results indicate that HEP-4 could be a potential natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu An
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyu Ren
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaixin Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mo Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meijun Song
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Rina Wu,
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14
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Zhuansun W, Xu J, Liu H, Zhao Y, Chen L, Shan S, Song S, Zhang H, Dong T, Zeng H, Xu Q. Optimisation of the production of a selenium-enriched polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae S1 and its structure and antioxidant activity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1032289. [PMID: 36337663 PMCID: PMC9631440 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1032289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The fermentation medium of a newly identified Cordyceps cicadae S1 was optimized by response surface methodology, with the optimal medium containing sucrose (80 g/L), yeast powder (60 g/L), KH2PO4 (5 g/L), MgSO4·7H2O (1 g/L) and Na2SeO3 (0. 1 g/L). Under these conditions, the extracellular polysaccharide yield was 8.09 g/L. A novel selenium-enriched polysaccharide (PACI-1) was isolated from Cordyceps cicadae, purified and identified as a homofructose polysaccharide with a low average molecular weight of 9.95 × 103 Da. The fine structure of PACI-1 was analyzed using NMR, CD, and AFM. Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant results showed that the PACI-1 had stronger antioxidant capacity than natural polysaccharides. These results provided a candidate strain for producing selenium polysaccharide and a new polysaccharide from C. cicadae, which showed good antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhuansun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, School of Life Sciences Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Jun Xu
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Hengzhao Liu
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Shufang Shan
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Shiqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankang, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang R&D Center for Se-enriched Products, Ankang, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, School of Life Sciences Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Tingting Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, School of Life Sciences Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Huawei Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, School of Life Sciences Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Qinxiang Xu
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
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15
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Li W, Li J, Wang J, He Y, Hu YC, Wu DT, Zou L. Effects of various degrees of esterification on antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of okra pectic-polysaccharides. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1025897. [PMID: 36337617 PMCID: PMC9630948 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1025897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectic-polysaccharides are considered as one of the most abundant bioactive components in okra, which possess various promising health-promoting effects. However, the knowledge regarding the structure-bioactivity relationship of okra pectic-polysaccharides (OPP) is still limited. In this study, effects of various degrees of esterification (DEs) on in vitro antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of OPP were analyzed. Results displayed that OPP with high (42.13%), middle (25.88%), and low (4.77%) DE values were successfully prepared by mild alkaline de-esterification, and their primary chemical structures (compositional monosaccharide and glycosidic linkage) and molecular characteristics (molecular weight distribution, particle size, and rheological property) were overall stable. Additionally, results showed that the notable decrease of DE value did not significantly affect antioxidant activities [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging abilities as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] of OPP, suggesting that the DE was not closely related to its antioxidant activity. In fact, the slight decrease of antioxidant activity of OPP after the alkaline de-esterification might be attributed to the slight decrease of uronic acid content. Nevertheless, the immunostimulatory effect of OPP was closely related to its DE, and a suitable degree of acetylation was beneficial to its in vitro immunostimulatory effect. Besides, the complete de-acetylation resulted in a remarkable reduction of immune response. The findings are beneficial to better understanding the effect of DE value on antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of OPP, which also provide theoretical foundations for developing OPP as functional foods or health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan He
- Sichuan Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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16
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Cai L, Zheng Y, Chu Y, Lin Y, Liu L, Zhang G. The synergism of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases with lichenase and their co-immobilization on silica nanospheres for green conversion of lichen biomass. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970540. [PMID: 36337671 PMCID: PMC9626761 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-assisted valorization of lichenan represents a green and sustainable alternative to the conventional chemical industry. The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are essential components of state-of-the-art enzyme cocktails for lichenin bioconversion. The LPMOs named SpyTag fused LPMOs (AST) from Chaetomium globosum was functionally expressed in E. coli and exhibited 1.25-fold synergism with lichenase, whereas AST alone produced no detectable reducing sugars. HPLC results further confirm that AST does not alter the endogenous hydrolysis mode of lichenase but rather enhances its hydrolysis efficiency by disrupting the long chain of lichenan and releasing more reducing ends. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report on the synergistic effect of LPMOs and lichenase, which may have great synergistic potential in the conversion of lichen biomass. Furthermore, a novel strategy for the covalently immobilizing AST and lichenase on silica nanoparticles (SNPs) from the cell lysate in a single step was proposed, which exhibited high activity recovery (82.9%) and high immobilization yield (94.8%). After 12 independent runs, about 67.4 % of the initial activity of the immobilized enzymes was retained. The resulted biocatalyst systems exhibited the green and sustainable strategy in the bioconversion of lichen biomass as well as other diverse polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixi Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Putian University, Putian, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Yunmeng Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanqing Lin
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Putian University, Putian, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Guangya Zhang,
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17
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Jing Y, Zhang S, Li M, Zhang R, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Zhang D, Wu L. Structural characterization and biological activities of polysaccharide iron complex synthesized by plant polysaccharides: A review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1013067. [PMID: 36245516 PMCID: PMC9561936 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1013067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia can lead to a variety of functional disorders, which is one of the highest incidence of nutrient deficiency diseases. The direct addition of iron to food will not only brings difficulties to the production of products, but also brings damages to human body. In recent years, international studies have shown that polysaccharide iron complex (PIC) not only has a variety of pharmacological activities of polysaccharide itself, but also has the function of supplementing iron, so it is a good iron supplement. With the advantages of good solubility, high iron content, low gastrointestinal irritation and high bioavailability, PIC is an effective iron supplement for iron deficiency anemia and has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the different preparation methods, structural characterization, biological activities and clinical applications of PIC synthesized by natural polysaccharides from plant were reviewed, in order to provide theoretical basis for the development and application of PIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Danshen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lanfang Wu
- College of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Lanfang Wu
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18
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Shi Z, Li S, Wei Z, Wang Y, Zhou N, Ma Q, Yao Y. Immunomodulatory activity of glycoproteins isolated from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Front Nutr 2022; 9:966705. [PMID: 36185682 PMCID: PMC9523481 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.966705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a well-known legume widely used as traditional medicine. This study aimed to characterize the structure and evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of one glycoprotein [crude chickpea glycoprotein-1 (CAG-1)] isolated from chickpea. CAG-1 was extracted with hot alkaline water and purified with DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Superdex-200 column chromatography. CAG-1, with a molecular weight of 8,106 Da, contained 57.12% polysaccharide and 35.41% protein. The polysaccharide part was mainly composed of glucose (Glc). The protein part was connected mainly by aspartic (Asp) and glutamic (Glu). The results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated the presence of α-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → . In addition, the sugar chains of the glycoprotein were not hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, suggesting that the glycoprotein was N-glycosidic; thus, the sugar chain was linked to the protein chain by Asp. An immunological study showed that CAG-1 stimulated the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Shi
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zuchen Wei
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs, College of Life Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanji Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nong Zhou
- Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs, College of Life Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Ma
| | - Yang Yao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yang Yao
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19
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Zhang G, Liu C, Zhang R. A novel acidic polysaccharide from blackened jujube: Structural features and antitumor activity in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1001334. [PMID: 36185697 PMCID: PMC9521368 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1001334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers, with increasing trends in incidence and mortality. A novel acidic polysaccharide (BJP-2) obtained from blackened jujube was extracted by hot water followed by chromatographic purification employing DEAE-cellulose 52 and Sephadex G-100 column. And then BJP-2 was identified by SEC-MALLS-RI, GC-MS, methylation and NMR for the following characteristics: molecular weight of 6.42 × 104 Da, monosaccharide composition of glucuronic acid (GalA), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), xylose (Xyl), glucuronic acid (GlcA), glucose (Glc), fucose (Fuc) and mannose (Man) with the percentage of 39.78, 31.93, 16.86, 6.43, 1.86, 1.28, 1.02, 0.61, and 0.23%, as well as the main chain of → 5)-α-L-Araf (1 → 4)-β-D-Gal(1 → , T-α-L-Araf (1 → 4)-β-D-Gal(1 → , and → 4)-α-L-6MeGalAp(1 → . The effect of BJP-2 on the apoptosis of HepG2 cells and its anti-tumor mechanism were further explored. The analysis by MTT and flow cytometry showed that BJP-2 suppressed cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell scratching and Transwell revealed that BJP-2 was able to block the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Western blot results demonstrated that BJP-2 exhibited antitumor activity through a mitochondria-dependent pathway, as evidenced by overexpression of Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9/Caspase-9 and downregulation of Bcl-2. Therefore, BJP-2 has broad research prospects as a tumor preventive or therapeutic agent.
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20
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Ti Y, Zhang Y, Ban Y, Wang X, Hou Y, Song Z. Polysaccharide from Hemerocallis citrina Borani by subcritical water with different temperatures and investigation of its physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:982695. [PMID: 36034893 PMCID: PMC9403841 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.982695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemerocallis citrina Borani as a low-cost vegetable, has various health benefits. However, the industry of H. citrina Borani is in the state of primary processing, with poor economic benefits. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, and the antioxidant activity of H. citrina Borani polysaccharide (HCBP) using subcritical water extraction (SWE) at different temperatures, to expand the value of H. citrina Borani. HCBP mainly composed of nine monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, rhamnose, fucose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid), among which the content of neutral sugar was higher and uronic acid was lower. HCBP contained glycosidic bond of β-configurations and trace quantities protein. The molecular weight of HCBP decreased with increasing temperature. Shear thinning occurred in HCBP with the increase of shear rate (0.01-1 s-1), and the apparent viscosity of HCBP decreased at higher temperature (150-160°C) with the increase continuously of shear rate (1-10 s-1), but almost remained constant at lower temperature (130-140°C). Scanning electron microscope showed that HCBP had rough surface, loose structure, obvious particle gap, and irregular shape. In addition, HCBP extracted at 160°C had strong FRAP activity, and HCBP extracted at 130 and 140°C had better ABTS radical scavenging activity. This study suggests that HCBP extracted by SWE could provide a cheap raw material as food thickening agent and natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Ti
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yüqian Ban
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yüqing Hou
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Zhu Y, Dun B, Shi Z, Wang Y, Wu L, Yao Y. Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of water-extractable polysaccharides from chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. Front Nutr 2022; 9:946736. [PMID: 35967821 PMCID: PMC9366103 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.946736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two water-extractable polysaccharide fractions designated as CWP (7. 37 × 105 Da) and CWP-0.2 (1.58 × 104 Da) were isolated and purified from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. The chemical structure of the two polysaccharides was characterized by various methods. Monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis showed that CWP was composed of Man and Glc in a molar ratio of 44.6:55.4, and CWP-0.2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Man, Glc, and Gal in a molar ratio of 10.6:23.3:5.2:4.9:56. Further structural characterization indicated that the main chain connection of CWP was → (2-β-d-Fruf-1) n →, and the main chain connection of CWP-0.2 was explored as → 2,4)-α-l-Rhap-(1 → 3)-α-d-Galp-(1 → with the branched chain of → 2,4)-α-l-Rhap-(1 → o-4. Besides, both CWP and CWP-0.2 had antioxidant and immunoregulatory activity in vitro, through scavenging DPPH· and ABTS·+ as well as stimulating production of NO, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. CWP-0.2 revealed significantly higher bioactivity than CWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Dun
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxing Shi
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanji Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Wei X, Yao J, Wang F, Wu D, Zhang R. Extraction, isolation, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from elderberry fruit. Front Nutr 2022; 9:947706. [PMID: 35928842 PMCID: PMC9343709 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.947706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation, purification, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from elderberry fruits were studied. Two neutral polysaccharides (EFP-0 and EFP-1) and three acidic polysaccharides (EFP-2, EFP-3, and EFP-4) were isolated from elderberry. EFP-0, EFP-1, EFP-2, EFP-3, and EFP-4 all contain arabinose, galactose, glucose, and mannose, with molecular weights of 1.7981 × 106, 7.0523 × 106, 7.7638 × 106, 4.3855 × 105, and 7.3173 × 105 Da, respectively. Structural characterization showed that the backbone of EFP-2 consisted of →4)-Manp (1→4)-β-D-Glcp (1→ and →4)-β-D-Glcp (1→5)-α-L-Araf (1→units, and T-α-L-Araf (1→ and T-β-D-Galp (1→ residues were detected by methylation analysis and NMR analysis. In addition, the MTT assay and zebrafish oxidative damage assay showed that EFP-2 had a protective effect on H2O2-damaged RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and zebrafish with the addition of EFP-2 would have low levels of ROS in vivo which showed significant antioxidant activity. Therefore, the results showed that the elderberry polysaccharides have antioxidant activity and can be used as potential antioxidants in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Junxiu Yao
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Forestry Science, Jinan, China
| | - Fangzhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Dejun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Forestry Science, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Dejun Wu,
| | - Rentang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Rentang Zhang,
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23
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Li M, Liu Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang W, You S, Hu X, Song M, Wu R, Wu J. Anti-cancer Potential of Polysaccharide Extracted From Polygonatum sibiricum on HepG2 Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:938290. [PMID: 35903453 PMCID: PMC9320318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.938290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine in China. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) is the main functional component of Polygonatum sibiricum. In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (PSP-1) was first isolated from Polygonatum sibiricum with a molecular weight of 38.65 kDa. Structural analysis was performed via methylation and FT-IR spectroscopy analyses, which in combination with NMR spectroscopy, revealed that PSP-1 has a → 4-α-D-Glcp-1 → backbone with the substitution at O-6 with the β-D-Glcp-1 → residues. Furthermore, PSP-1 exhibited potent and concentration-dependent anticancer effects, inducing HepG2 cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Moreover, PSP-1 also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, damaged the nucleus of HepG2 cells, and increased the activity of caspase-9 and−3 in the intrinsic apoptotic pathways to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis. To conclude, PSP-1 might be a good candidate for the treatment of liver cancer, and this work provides important information for understanding the relationship between structure and antitumor activity of PSP-1, which is relevant for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
- College of Criminal Science and Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shengbo You
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
| | - Meijun Song
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Rina Wu
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
- Junrui Wu
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Zhang W, He J, Hu Y, Lu J, Zhao J, Li P. Chemical Structure and Immune Activation of a Glucan From Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. Front Nutr 2022; 9:942241. [PMID: 35845784 PMCID: PMC9277461 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.942241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii is a traditional Chinese herb used to treat depression and coronary heart disease. Studies on its active components mainly focus on small molecular compounds such as asarone and other essential oil components, while the large molecular active components such as polysaccharides are ignored. In this study, we aimed to study the chemical structure and immune activation of polysaccharides from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. In this study, a polysaccharide (RATAPW) was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography from alkali extraction polysaccharide of Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. The average molecular weight of RATAPW was 2.51 × 104 Da, and the total carbohydrate contents of RATAPW were 98.23 ± 0.29%. The monosaccharide composition, methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis results displayed that the polysaccharide was α-1,4-glucan with short α-1,6 branches. Immunofluorescence assay and inhibitor neutralization assay indicated that RATAPW could promote the TNF-α production of RAW264.7 macrophage through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) molecular signaling pathway. Treatment with 200 μg/ml of RATAPW enhanced a 38.77% rise in the proliferation rate of spleen lymphocytes. RATAPW also enhances ConA-induced T cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cell proliferation in a dose-dependent effect. Our study lays a foundation for the discovery of natural polysaccharide immune modulators or functional food from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii.
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Zhang RY, Gao JH, Shi YL, Lan YF, Liu HM, Zhu WX, Wang XD. Characterization of Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides From Sesame Seed Hull. Front Nutr 2022; 9:928972. [PMID: 35799594 PMCID: PMC9253664 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.928972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame seed hull is the major by-product of sesame seed processing and is rich in polysaccharides. In this work, sesame hull polysaccharides (SHP) were extracted by ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction methods with a yield of 6.49%. Three purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained after decolorization, deproteinization, and column chromatography. Then, their main composition and antioxidant activity were investigated. The dominant fraction was SHP-2 with a yield of 3.78%. It was composed of galacturonic acid (51.3%), glucuronic acid (13.8%), rhamnose (8.9%), glucose (8.4%), and others. The linkage types of SHP-2 have the α-D-GalpA-(1,4)-linked, α-D-GlcpA-(1,2)-linked, β-T-D-Rhap-linked, β-D-Glcp-(1,6)-linked, β-T-D-Galp-linked, α-L-Xylp-(1,4)-linked, α-L-Araf-(1,3,5)-linked, and β-D-Manp-(1,4)-linked. This study might provide some useful basic data for developing applications for sesame seed hull polysaccharides in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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26
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Polysaccharide from Hemerocallis citrina Borani by subcritical water: Bioactivity, purification, characterization, and anti-diabetic effects in T2DM rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:169-183. [PMID: 35724900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemerocallis citrina Borani (daylily) has various health benefits. However, the structural characterization and hypoglycemic effects of its polysaccharide remain unclear. Here, we first report for the first time, the effects of subcritical water extraction temperature on bioactivity of Hemerocallis citrina Borani polysaccharide (HCBP). HCBP extracted at 160 °C had better scavenging ability of free-radical and pancreatic lipase inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the structural characterization and anti-diabetic effects of aforementioned HCBP. HCBP was separated into three fractions using a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow. HCBP-1 was the major component with lower molecular weight, HCBP-2 was the least abundant component, HCBP-3 was the component with higher uronic acid and molecular weight. HCBP treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein, as well as improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. HCBP also protected the kidneys and pancreatic organs by histopathology and immunohistochemical analyses in T2DM rats. In addition, HCBP significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased the level of malonaldehyde to alleviated the oxidative stress injury. The results indicate HCBP extracted by subcritical water is promising functional food ingredients and could be used in T2DM treatment.
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27
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Li YR, Xu S, Zhang RY, Yang MX, Liu HM, Wang XD. Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides in Waste Liquor Produced by Wet Decortication of Sesame Seeds. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940442. [PMID: 35769381 PMCID: PMC9234482 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The wet decortication of sesame seeds produces wastewater containing diverse minerals and organic pollutants that could be valuable resources for the food industry. This investigation aimed to reclaim, purify, and characterize the polysaccharides contained in the waste liquor from the sesame decortication industry. The purified polysaccharide fractions were characterized using monosaccharide analysis, GPC (high-performance gel permeation chromatography), FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy, methylation analysis, 1D and 2D Nucleai Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis, and thermal analysis. Four fractions were found (SSP-1,-2,-3, -4), of which SSP-2 was proportionately the largest and most interesting. The backbone of SSP-2 is mainly composed of (1→2,4)-β-D-Xylp residues with side chains connected to the O-4 position, with many T-β-D-Galp and (1→5)-α-L-Araf residues, and fewer (1→4)-α-D-Glcp, (1→2)-α-L-Rhap, T-α-L-Araf, and (1→2)-β-D-GlcpA residues. An efficient method for removing the polysaccharides would simplify wastewater treatment while finding a use for them would benefit the sesame, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ran Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Run-Yang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-Min Liu,
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Xue-De Wang,
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28
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Xiao Z, Li J, Wang H, Zhang Q, Ge Q, Mao J, Sha R. Hemicellulosic Polysaccharides From Bamboo Leaves Promoted by Phosphotungstic Acids and Its Attenuation of Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917432. [PMID: 35769382 PMCID: PMC9234559 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we exploited an efficient method to release hemicellulosic polysaccharides (BLHP) from bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) leaves assisted by a small amount of phosphotungstic acid. Structural unit analysis proved that BLHP-A1 and BLHP-B1 samples possessed abundant low-branch chains in →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→ skeleton mainly consisting of Xylp, Manp, Glcp, Galp, and Araf residues. According to the results of the antioxidant activity assays in vitro, both of the two fractions demonstrated the activity for scavenging DPPH⋅ and ABTS+ radicals and exhibited relatively a high reducing ability compared to the recently reported polysaccharides. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of purified polysaccharides were evaluated against H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage in HepG2 cells. BLHP-B1 showed more activity for preventing damages from H2O2 in HepG2 cells by improving the enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and decreasing the production of MDA as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. This study implied that BLHP could demonstrate its attenuation ability for oxidative stress in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqian Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuqian Xiao,
| | - Jiajie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Sha
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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