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Kaldeli A, Zakidou P, Paraskevopoulou A. Volatilomics as a tool to ascertain food adulteration, authenticity, and origin. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13387. [PMID: 38865237 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases of food fraud incidents, whereas at the same time, consumers demand authentic products of high quality. The emerging volatilomics technology could be the key to the analysis and characterization of the quality of different foodstuffs. This field of omics has aroused the interest of scientists due to its noninvasive, rapid, and cost-profitable nature. This review aims to monitor the available scientific information on the use of volatilomics technology, correlate it to the relevant food categories, and demonstrate its importance in the food adulteration, authenticity, and origin areas. A comprehensive literature search was performed using various scientific search engines and "volatilomics," "volatiles," "food authenticity," "adulteration," "origin," "fingerprint," "chemometrics," and variations thereof as keywords, without chronological restriction. One hundred thirty-seven relevant publications were retrieved, covering 11 different food categories (meat and meat products, fruits and fruit products, honey, coffee, tea, herbal products, olive oil, dairy products, spices, cereals, and others), the majority of which focused on the food geographical origin. The findings show that volatilomics typically involves various methods responsible for the extraction and consequential identification of volatile compounds, whereas, with the aid of data analysis, it can handle large amounts of data, enabling the origin classification of samples or even the detection of adulteration practices. Nonetheless, a greater number of specific research studies are needed to unlock the full potential of volatilomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Kaldeli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Zakidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | - Adamantini Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kalogiouri NP, Manousi N, Ferracane A, Zachariadis GA, Koundouras S, Samanidou VF, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L, Rosenberg E. A novel headspace solid-phase microextraction arrow method employing comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometric tools for the investigation of wine aging. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342555. [PMID: 38637039 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omics is used as an analytical tool to investigate wine authenticity issues. Aging authentication ensures that the wine has undergone the necessary maturation and developed its desired organoleptic characteristics. Considering that aged wines constitute valuable commodities, the development of advanced omics techniques that guarantee aging authenticity and prevent fraud is essential. RESULTS Α solid phase microextraction Arrow method combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed to identify volatiles in red wines and investigate how aging affects their volatile fingerprint. The method was optimized by examining the critical parameters that affect the solid phase microextraction Arrow extraction (stirring rate, extraction time) process. Under optimized conditions, extraction took place within 45 min under stirring at 1000 rpm. In all, 24 monovarietal red wine samples belonging to the Xinomavro variety from Naoussa (Imathia regional unit of Macedonia, Greece) produced during four different vintage years (1998, 2005, 2008 and 2015) were analyzed. Overall, 237 volatile compounds were tentatively identified and were treated with chemometric tools. Four major groups, one for each vintage year were revealed using the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis. The first two Principal Components of Principal Component Analysis explained 86.1% of the total variance, showing appropriate grouping of the wine samples produced in the same crop year. A two-way orthogonal partial least square - discriminant analysis model was developed and successfully classified all the samples to the proper class according to the vintage age, establishing 17 volatile markers as the most important features responsible for the classification, with an explained total variance of 88.5%. The developed prediction model was validated and the analyzed samples were classified with 100% accuracy according to the vintage age, based on their volatile fingerprint. SIGNIFICANCE The developed methodology in combination with chemometric techniques allows to trace back and confirm the vintage year, and is proposed as a novel authenticity tool which opens completely new and hitherto unexplored possibilities for wine authenticity testing and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa P Kalogiouri
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Ferracane
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria; Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy.
| | - George A Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Koundouras
- Laboratory of Viticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victoria F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Peter Q Tranchida
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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Hou Z, Xia R, Li Y, Xu H, Wang Y, Feng Y, Pan S, Wang Z, Ren H, Qian G, Wang H, Zhu J, Xin G. Key components, formation pathways, affecting factors, and emerging analytical strategies for edible mushrooms aroma: A review. Food Chem 2024; 438:137993. [PMID: 37992603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Aroma is one of the decisive factors affecting the quality and consumer acceptance of edible mushrooms. This review summarized the key components and formation pathways of edible mushroom aroma. It also elaborated on the affecting factors and emerging analytical strategies of edible mushroom aroma. A total of 1308 volatile organic compounds identified in edible mushrooms, 61 were key components. The formation of these compounds is closely related to fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lentinic acid metabolism, and terpenoid metabolism. The aroma profiles of edible mushrooms were affected by genetic background, preharvest factors, and preservation methods. Molecular sensory science and omics techniques are emerging analytical strategies to reveal aroma information of edible mushrooms. This review would provide valuable data and insights for future research on edible mushroom aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshan Hou
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Rongrong Xia
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunting Li
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Heran Xu
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Song Pan
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongli Ren
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Guanlin Qian
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Xin
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, Anshan 114007, Liaoning, China.
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Kalogiouri NP, Ferracane A, Manousi N, Zachariadis G, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L, Samanidou VF, Rosenberg E. A volatilomics analytical protocol employing solid phase microextraction coupled to GC × GC-MS analysis and combined with multivariate chemometrics for the detection of pomegranate juice adulteration. Talanta 2024; 266:125027. [PMID: 37597341 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method combined with two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS) was optimized and used to assess the authenticity of pomegranate juice to prevent fraudulent practices. A divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber was used for the extraction of the volatiles. The critical parameters that affect the extraction process, such as the sample volume, and the extraction time were studied. The optimized protocol involved the addition of 15 mL of juice in 50 mL vial and saturation with 30% w/v NaCl.The extraction was carried out within 45 min under 1000 rpm stirring and was applied in the analysis of real juice samples to assess authenticity and detect low levels of pomegranate juice adulteration with grape and apple juice down to 1%. Commercially available pomegranate juice samples were acquired (n1 = 6) and adulterated with 1% of apple juice (n2 = 6), 1% of grape juice (n3 = 6), and a mixture of 1% apple juice and 1% grape juice (n4 = 6). Authentic pomegranate juice samples and adulterated mixtures were analyzed by SPME-GC × GC-MS. The analysis resulted in the identification of 123 volatile compounds that were further processed with chemometric tools. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to visualize the clustering of the samples, and a two-way orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (O2PLS-DA) chemometric model was developed and successfully classified the samples to authentic pomegranate juice or adulterated with an explained total variance of 87.4%. The O2PLS-DA prediction model revealed characteristic volatile markers that could be used to detect pomegranate juice fraud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa P Kalogiouri
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Antonio Ferracane
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - George Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Peter Q Tranchida
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Victoria F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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Qin Z, Duan S, Li Y, Li X, Xing H, Yao Z, Zhang X, Yao X, Yang J. Characterization of volatile organic compounds with anti-atherosclerosis effects in Allium macrostemon Bge. and Allium chinense G. Don by head space solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Front Nutr 2023; 10:996675. [PMID: 36819690 PMCID: PMC9929146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.996675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allium macrostemon Bge. (AMB) and Allium chinense G. Don (ACGD) are both edible Allium vegetables and named officinal Xiebai (or Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus) in East Asia. Their medicinal qualities involve in lipid lowering and anti-atherosclerosis effects. And steroidal saponins, nitrogenous compounds and sulfur compounds are like the beneficial components responsible for medicinal functions. Sulfur compounds are the recognized main components both in the volatile oils of AMB and ACGD. Besides, few researches were reported about their holistic chemical profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pharmacodynamic effects. Methods In this study, we first investigated the lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects of volatile oils derived from AMB and ACGD in ApoE -/- mice with high fat and high cholesterol diets. Results The results showed the volatile oils of AMB and ACGD both could markedly reduce serum levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C (p < 0.05), and had no alterations of HDL-C, ALT, and AST levels (p > 0.05). Pathological results displayed they both could obviously improve the morphology of cardiomyocytes and the degree of myocardial fibrosis in model mice. Meanwhile, oil red O staining results also proved they could apparently decrease the lesion areas of plaques in the aortic intima (p < 0.05). Furthermore, head space solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with metabolomics analysis was performed to characterize the VOCs profiles of AMB and ACGD, and screen their differential VOCs. A total of 121 and 115 VOCs were identified or tentatively characterized in the volatile oils of AMB and ACGD, respectively. Relative-quantification results also confirmed sulfur compounds, aldehydes, and heterocyclic compounds accounted for about 85.6% in AMB bulbs, while approximately 86.6% in ACGD bulbs were attributed to sulfur compounds, ketones, and heterocyclic compounds. Multivariate statistical analysis showed 62 differentially expressed VOCs were observed between AMB and ACGD, of which 17 sulfur compounds were found to be closely associated with the garlic flavor and efficacy. Discussion Taken together, this study was the first analysis of holistic chemical profiles and anti-atherosclerosis effects of AMB and ACGD volatile oils, and would benefit the understanding of effective components in AMB and ACGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Applied and Translational Center of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Applied and Translational Center of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Applied and Translational Center of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Applied and Translational Center of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jing Yang,
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Chromatographic-Based Platforms as New Avenues for Scientific Progress and Sustainability. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165267. [PMID: 36014506 PMCID: PMC9412595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatography was born approximately one century ago and has undergone outstanding technological improvements in innovation, research, and development since then that has made it fundamental to advances in knowledge at different levels, with a relevant impact on the well-being and health of individuals. Chromatography boosted a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the complexity and diversity of human–environment interactions and systems, how these interactions affect our life, and the several societal challenges we are currently facing, namely those related to the sustainability of our planet and the future generations. From the life sciences, which allowed us to identify endogenous metabolites relevant to disease mechanisms, to the OMICS field, nanotechnology, clinical and forensic analysis, drug discovery, environment, and “foodprint”, among others, the wide range of applications of today’s chromatographic techniques is impressive. This is fueled by a great variability of powerful chromatographic instruments currently available, with very high sensitivity, resolution, and identification capacity, that provide a strong basis for an analytical platform able to support the challenging demands of the postgenomic and post COVID-19 eras. Within this context, this review aims to address the great utility of chromatography in helping to cope with several societal-based challenges, such as the characterization of disease and/or physiological status, and the response to current agri-food industry challenges of food safety and sustainability, or the monitoring of environmental contamination. These are increasingly important challenges considering the climate changes, the tons of food waste produced every day, and the exponential growth of the human population. In this context, the principles governing the separation mechanisms in chromatography as well the different types and chromatographic techniques will be described. In addition, the major achievements and the most important technological advances will be also highlighted. Finally, a set of studies was selected in order to evince the importance of different chromatographic analyses to understand processes or create fundamental information in the response to current societal challenges.
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