Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With 5-Year All Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and total immunoglobulin E: A cross-sectional study

The relationship between a pro-inflammatory diet, assessed by the dietary inflammatory index (DII), and allergic diseases has attracted attention. However, the association between DII and immunoglobulin E (IgE) remains uncertain. We aim to investigate the association between energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) and total IgE. We analyzed data from the 2005 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The relationship between E-DII and total IgE was assessed using linear regression and logistic regression analysis. Meanwhile, we conducted a subgroup analysis stratified by body mass index (BMI) and analyzed the mediating role of BMI. We included 3614 adult participants. After controlling for confounding factors, there was no statistical association between E-DII and total IgE (β 0.023, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.057, p = .173) and the risk of high total IgE (OR 1.036, 95% CI 0.977 to 1.099, p = .233). We conducted subgroup analysis stratified by BMI. After controlling for confounding factors, only in overweight groups, E-DII was statistically associated with total IgE (β 0.076, 95% CI 0.017 to 0.135, p = .012) and the risk of high total IgE (OR 1.124, 95% CI 1.015 to 1.246, p = .025). Generalized additive models and smooth curve fittings showed a positive linear relationship between E-DII and total IgE in overweight participants. No statistical association was noted for the mediation effect of BMI on the association between E-DII and total IgE in the overweight group (p = .23). Overweight participants with higher E-DII were potentially at risk of elevated total IgE.

Association between dietary inflammatory index and chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and elderly populations

Background

A link between food-induced inflammation and common chronic diseases has been identified in studies. However, there was uncertainty about the influence of dietary inflammatory potential on the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among middle-aged and older groups. Our research aimed to examine the connection between dietary inflammatory index (DII) to CKD in people aged 40 years and older.

Methods

This study comprised ten cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. Linear associations of DII with CKD, low-eGFR, and albuminuria were examined using multiple logistic regression, whereas non-linear associations were assessed by smoothed curve fitting. Besides, we conducted subgroup analyses and interaction tests.

Results

Of the 23,175 middle-aged and older individuals, a total of 5,847 suffered from CKD, making up 25.23% of all participants. After adjustment for all covariates, we found that increased DII scores were positive with an increased hazard of CKD (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.10, p < 0.0001), and the same was shown between DII and low-eGFR (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.19, p < 0.0001). After further converting DII into categorical variables, the above relationship still existed. These relations were consistent in different ages, genders, BMI, whether smoking, whether suffering from hypertension, and whether suffering from diabetes, with no significant stratification differences (all P for interaction >0.05). Surprisingly, we did not find a statistically significant correlation of DII to albuminuria after complete adjustment for covariates (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05, p = 0.0742). Even when DII was considered as a categorical variable, this relation was still not statistically significant. Furthermore, we found an association in the shape of a U between DII and low-eGFR in the fully adjusted model, with a turning point at a DII of 1.6.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that middle-aged and older persons with greater levels of DII had a significantly higher risk of CKD.

Association of energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and frailty in older adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND

Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) can represent daily inflammatory dietary components and chronic inflammatory response is an important pathogenesis of aging, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and frailty. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the association of E-DII and frailty in older adults with NAFLD.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2016) to investigate the association between E-DII and frailty. The NAFLD status was determined using the US Fatty Liver Index (FLI) value ≥30. The relationship between E-DII and frailty was examined through multivariate weighted logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses were conducted, considering various demographic and clinical variables.

RESULTS

Our final analysis included 1586 individuals, with an average age of 69.42 years, and 53.15 % of them were males. The overall prevalence of frailty in the study population was 39.42 %. Smooth curve fitting analysis demonstrated a nearly linear relationship between E-DII and H. pylori. Utilizing multivariate weighted logistic regression analysis, we found that the odds ratio (OR) of E-DII for frailty was 1.08 (95%CI, 1.03-1.15). Subgroup analysis further confirmed that E-DII independently increased the risk of frailty.

CONCLUSION

Higher E-DII levels were found to be associated with an increased risk of frailty in older adults with NAFLD. However, further studies are required to fully elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between E-DII and frailty.

Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk of Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps in Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang, China

Malignant colorectal tumors and precancerous lesions are closely associated with chronic inflammation. Specific dietary patterns can increase chronic inflammation in the body, thereby promoting the occurrence of tumors and precancerous lesions. We have conducted a case-control study in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, China, to explore the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps (CAP). A total of 52 newly diagnosed patients with CAP and 192 controls at the First People's Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture were enrolled in this study. Dietary information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The E-DII was calculated based on dietary data, reflecting an individual's dietary inflammatory potential. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between the E-DII and the risk of CAP, with adjustments for potential confounding factors. The results showed that the maximum anti- and pro-inflammatory values of E-DII were -4.33 and +3.48, respectively. Higher E-DII scores were associated with an increased risk of CAP, and this association remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and other relevant variables. Notably, a more pro-inflammatory dietary pattern may be related to an increased risk of developing CAP in Kashgar Prefecture.

Association of Dietary Inflammation Index and Helicobacter pylori Immunoglobulin G Seropositivity in US Adults: A Population-Based Study

Background

Dietary patterns play important role in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. We aimed to investigate the potential relationship between Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) and H. pylori infection in US adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000). Individuals aged ≥20 years who provided a 24 hr dietary intake history and underwent H. pylori testing were included in the analysis. Multivariate weighted logistic regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the relationship between DII and H. pylori infection. Subgroup analyses were based on demographic and clinical variables.

Results

There were 4,000 individuals enrolled in our final analysis. The overall mean age was 45.92 years and 46.77% were males. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection in the study population was 45.9%. The smooth curve fitting analysis indicated a near-linear relationship between DII and H. pylori. In multivariate weighted logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of DII is 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.27) for H. pylori infection. In subgroup analysis, DII still increased the risk of H. pylori infection independently.

Conclusions

The increased DII levels were associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection among US adults. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of DII and H. pylori infection.

Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and low muscle mass in US adults: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Chronic inflammatory responses have been reported to be associated with low muscle mass and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII) is a novel indicator of inflammation. The purpose of our study was to clarify the relationship between SII and low muscle mass.

METHODS

This study was a cross-sectional study based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018). SII was calculated as the platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. Appendicular skeletal muscle index was used to define low muscle mass. The individuals were divided into four groups by the quartile of SII (Q1-Q4). Multivariate weighted logistic regression analysis, smooth curve fitting and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the relationship between SII and sarcopenia. Subgroup analysis were based on demographic and clinical variables.

RESULTS

There were 10,367 individuals enrolled in our final analysis. The overall mean age was 39.39 years and 49.17% were males. The overall prevalence of low muscle mass in the study population was 8.77%. The smooth curve fitting analysis indicated a near-linear relationship between SII and low muscle mass. In multivariate weighted logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of Q4 is 1.28 (95% CI, 1.16-1.40) for low muscle mass when compared to lowest quartile of the SII. In subgroup analysis, SII still increased the risk of low muscle mass independently.

CONCLUSION

The increased SII levels were associated with an increased risk of low muscle mass in a large population. Our study increased the understanding between inflammation and low muscle mass. Anti-inflammation therapy may be important for low muscle mass.