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Lai W, Ning Q, Wang G, Gao Y, Liao S, Tang S. Antitumor activity of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides. Arch Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s12272-024-01511-3. [PMID: 39060656 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a global public health problem. Natural polysaccharides have been shown to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) has been used for millennia to treat diverse diseases. PS comprises numerous active constituents, including saponins, peptides, volatile oils, polysaccharides, and lectins. Many studies have highlighted the crucial role of polysaccharides in PS. Modern studies have shown that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-aging effects. However, further study of the antitumor mechanisms is difficult because the activities of PSP are closely associated with its complex structural features and the different molecular weights of its components. Therefore, this review focuses on the research background and the extraction and purification of PSP. Studies related to the mechanism of the antitumor effects of PSP constituents of different molecular weights are also summarized, and perspectives on PSP research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, and Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, and Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Shuxian Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, and Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, and Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China.
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Zhong R, Shen L, Fan Y, Luo Q, Hong R, Sun X, Zhou X, Wan J. Anti-aging mechanism and effect of treatment with raw and wine-steamed Polygonatum sibiricum on D-galactose-induced aging in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1335786. [PMID: 38774211 PMCID: PMC11106437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1335786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) first recorded in Mingyi Bielu. The book documents that PS can nourish five internal organs, be taken for a long time, relax the body and prolong lifespan. Presently, PS is widely used in TCM to prevent premature graying of hair. Based on TCM theory and clinical trials, the wine steaming processed product from PS provides a better effect. However, no published study has elucidated the anti-aging mechanism. Purpose The study aim was to investigate the anti-aging mechanism of PS and its wine steaming processed product in mice, specifically focusing on the effect of D-galactose (D-gal) surrounding the intestinal flora and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response elements (Keap1/Nrf2/ARE) pathway. Methods The chemical components in Raw PS (RPS) and Wine-steamed PS (WPS) were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). An aging model using Kunming mice was established through intraperitoneally injected D-gal. Concentrations of RPS and WPS at 5, 10, or 15 g/kg/day levels were administered intragastrically, respectively. The body weight, liver and spleen indexes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in serum and brain tissue were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained brain tissue was histopathologically examined. The expressions of Keap1, Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the brain tissue at the mRNA and protein levels were respectively detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB). Moreover, an Illumina Hiseq platform was used for 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the proportions of intestinal flora in aging mice. Results The proportions of saccharides, flavonoids, and triterpene acids were different between RPS and WPS. In the aging model mice, WPS outperformed RPS in improving body weight and mental state by increasing the spleen index, SOD and GSH-PX activities, decreasing the liver index and MDA activities, and restoring the histopathological morphology in D-gal-induced aging mice. At the mRNA levels, RPS and WPS significantly reduced the expression of Keap1 and increased the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1. The trend in protein expressions was similar to that of the mRNA results, and WPS had a stronger effect than RPS. Fecal microbiota analysis showed that RPS and WPS restored intestinal microbiota proportions to normal levels. Conclusion The results demonstrated that PS and its WPS had a positive effect in relieving oxidative stress in aging mice. WPS outperformed RPS, which might be related to the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and regulation of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Shen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilin Fan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaomei Luo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Hong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Wen R, Luo L, Zhang R, Zhou X, Wang W, Gong L. Structural Characterization of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Effects on Macrophages. Molecules 2024; 29:2076. [PMID: 38731567 PMCID: PMC11085417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A neutral Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (NPCP) was isolated and purified from Polygonatum cyrtonema by various chromatographic techniques, including DEAE-52 and Sephadex-G100 chromatography. The structure of NPCP was characterized by HPLC, HPGPC, GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, and SEM. Results showed that NPCP is composed of glucose (55.4%) and galactose (44.6%) with a molecular weight of 3.2 kDa, and the sugar chain of NPCP was →1)-α-D-Glc-(4→1)-β-D-Gal-(3→. In vitro bioactivity experiments demonstrated that NPCP significantly enhanced macrophages proliferation and phagocytosis while inhibiting the M1 polarization induced by LPS as well as the M2 polarization induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in macrophages. Additionally, NPCP suppressed the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in both M1 and M2 cells but promoted the secretion of IL-10. These results suggest that NPCP could serve as an immunomodulatory agent with potential applications in anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (R.W.); (L.L.); (R.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Limin Gong
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (R.W.); (L.L.); (R.Z.); (X.Z.)
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Wang Y, Niu H, Ma Y, Yuan G. Isolation, Purification, Fractionation, and Hepatoprotective Activity of Polygonatum Polysaccharides. Molecules 2024; 29:1038. [PMID: 38474549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, three homogeneous fractions, PSP-N-b-1, PSP-N-b-2, and PSP-N-c-1, were obtained from an aqueous extract of Polygonatum using DEAE cellulose column chromatography, CL-6B agarose gel chromatography, and Sephadex G100 chromatography. Their monosaccharide compositions and molecular weights were analyzed. The results revealed that PSP-N-b-1, PSP-N-b-2, and PSP-N-c-1 are primarily composed of six monosaccharides: Man (mannose), GlcA (glucuronic acid), Rha (rhamnose), GalA (galacturonic acid), Glc (glucose), and Ara (arabinose), with molecular weights of 6.3 KDa, 5.78 KDa, and 3.45 KDa, respectively. Furthermore, we observed that Polygonatum polysaccharides exhibited protective effects against CCL4-induced liver damage in HepG2 cells in vitro, operating through both anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Our research findings suggest that Polygonatum polysaccharides may emerge as a promising option in the development of hepatoprotective drugs or functional foods with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Hongmei Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Guangxin Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
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Health-Promoting Activities and Associated Mechanisms of Polygonati Rhizoma Polysaccharides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031350. [PMID: 36771015 PMCID: PMC9919897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonati Rhizoma, a typical homology of medicine and food, possesses remarkable anti-fatigue, anti-aging, metabolic regulatory, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetes, and anti-cancer effects. Among bioactive phytochemicals in Polygonati Rhizoma, polysaccharides play important roles in the health-promoting activities through the mechanisms mentioned above and potential synergistic effects with other bioactives. In this review, we briefly introduce the updated biosynthesis of polysaccharides, the purification method, the structure characterization, and food applications, and discuss in detail the biological activities of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides and associated mechanisms, aiming at broadening the usage of Polygonati Rhizoma as functional food and medicine.
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Li M, Zhang H, Hu X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Song M, Wu R, Wu J. Isolation of a New Polysaccharide from Dandelion Leaves and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities. Molecules 2022; 27:7641. [PMID: 36364468 PMCID: PMC9658512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dandelion, in China, has a long history as a medicinal and edible plant, and possesses high nutritional and medical value. The present study aimed to isolate a new polysaccharide (DLP-3) from dandelion leaves and to evaluate its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. The structure of DLP-3 was analyzed using HPLC, FT-IR, SEM, GC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. DLP-3 mainly consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, Glc, Gal, and Ara with molar ratios of 2.32, 0.87, 1.21, 3.84, 1.00, and 1.05, respectively, with a molecular weight of 43.2 kDa. The main linkages of DLP-3 contained (1→4)-α-d-Glc, (1→4,6)-α-d-Glc, (1→6)-α-d-Gal, (1→2)-α-d-Man, (1→4)-α-d-Man, β-l-Ara-(1→, and α-l-Rha-(1→. DLP-3 exhibited a smooth surface, purely flake-like structure, and a triple helix conformation. Moreover, DLP-3 presented obvious antioxidant and antibacterial activities in a concentration-dependent manner. DLP-3 showed significant anticancer activities by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of DLP-3 as a natural functional active substance in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Criminal Science and Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Meijun Song
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
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