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Luo L, Zhao P, Su Z, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Mu Q, Xuan X, Qu Z, Yu M, Qi Z, Aziz RB, Gong P, Xie Z, Fang J, Wang C. Characterization and Potential Action Mode Divergences of Homologous ACO1 Genes during the Organ Development and Ripening Process between Non-Climacteric Grape and Climacteric Peach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:789. [PMID: 38255862 PMCID: PMC10815418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is one crucial phytohormone modulating plants' organ development and ripening process, especially in fruits, but its action modes and discrepancies in non-climacteric grape and climacteric peach in these processes remain elusive. This work is focused on the action mode divergences of ethylene during the modulation of the organ development and ripening process in climacteric/non-climacteric plants. We characterized the key enzyme genes in the ethylene synthesis pathway, VvACO1 and PpACO1, and uncovered that their sequence structures are highly conserved, although their promoters exhibit important divergences in the numbers and types of the cis-elements responsive to hormones, implying various responses to hormone signals. Subsequently, we found the two have similar expression modes in vegetative organ development but inverse patterns in reproductive ones, especially in fruits. Then, VvACO1 and PpACO1 were further validated in promoting fruit ripening functions through their transient over-expression/RNAi-expression in tomatoes, of which the former possesses a weaker role than the latter in the fruit ripening process. Our findings illuminated the divergence in the action patterns and function traits of the key VvACO1/PpACO1 genes in the tissue development of climacteric/non-climacteric plants, and they have implications for further gaining insight into the interaction mechanism of ethylene signaling during the modulation of the organ development and ripening process in climacteric/non-climacteric plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (Q.M.); (X.X.); (Z.Q.); (M.Y.); (Z.Q.); (R.B.A.); (P.G.); (Z.X.); (J.F.)
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Su Z, Shen Z, Song H, Cai Z, Xu J, Guo L, Zhang Y, Guo S, Sun M, Li S, Yu M. Integrated analysis of HSP20 genes in the developing flesh of peach: identification, expression profiling, and subcellular localization. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:663. [PMID: 38129812 PMCID: PMC10740231 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant HSP20s are not only synthesized in response to heat stress but are also involved in plant biotic and abiotic stress resistance, normal metabolism, development, differentiation, survival, ripening, and death. Thus, HSP20 family genes play very important and diverse roles in plants. To our knowledge, HSP20 family genes in peach have not yet been characterized in detail, and little is known about their possible function in the development of red flesh in peach. RESULTS In total, 44 PpHSP20 members were identified in the peach genome in this study. Forty-four PpHSP20s were classified into 10 subfamilies, CI, CII, CIII, CV, CVI, CVII, MII, CP, ER, and Po, containing 18, 2, 2, 10, 5, 1, 1, 2, 1, and 2 proteins, respectively. Among the 44 PpHSP20 genes, 6, 4, 4, 3, 7, 11, 5, and 4 PpHSP20 genes were located on chromosomes 1 to 8, respectively. In particular, approximately 15 PpHSP20 genes were located at both termini or one terminus of each chromosome. A total of 15 tandem PpHSP20 genes were found in the peach genome, which belonged to five tandemly duplicated groups. Overall, among the three cultivars, the number of PpHSP20 genes with higher expression levels in red flesh was greater than that in yellow or white flesh. The expression profiling for most of the PpHSP20 genes in the red-fleshed 'BJ' was higher overall at the S3 stage than at the S2, S4-1, and S4-2 stages, with the S3 stage being a very important period of transformation from a white color to the gradual anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of this cultivar. The subcellular localizations of 16 out of 19 selected PpHSP20 proteins were in accordance with the corresponding subfamily classification and naming. Additionally, to our knowledge, Prupe.3G034800.1 is the first HSP20 found in plants that has the dual targets of both the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive understanding of PpHSP20s, lays a foundation for future analyses of the unknown function of PpHSP20 family genes in red-fleshed peach fruit and advances our understanding of plant HSP20 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziwen Su
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhijun Shen
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongfeng Song
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhixiang Cai
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianlan Xu
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shaolei Guo
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shenge Li
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingliang Yu
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zhang Y, Su Z, Luo L, Wang P, Zhu X, Liu J, Wang C. Exogenous auxin regulates the growth and development of peach fruit at the expansion stage by mediating multiple-hormone signaling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:499. [PMID: 37848815 PMCID: PMC10583367 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit expansion stage is crucial to fruit yield and quality formation, and auxin plays a significant role by mediating multi-hormone signals during fruit expansion. However, till now, it is still unclear of the molecular regulatory network during auxin-mediated peach fruit expansion. RESULTS Here, exogenous NAA application markedly increased IAA content and drastically decreased ABA content at the fruit expansion stage. Correspondingly, NAA mainly induced the auxin biosynthesis gene (1 PpYUCCA) and early auxin-responsive genes (7PpIAA, 3 PpGH3, and 14 PpSAUR); while NAA down-regulated ABA biosynthesis genes (2 PpNCED, 1 PpABA3, and 1 PpAAO3). In addition, many DEGs involved in other plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction were significantly enriched after NAA treatment, including 7 JA, 7 CTK, 6 ETH, and 3 GA. Furthermore, we also found that NAA treatment down-regulated most of genes involved in the growth and development of peach fruit, including the cell wall metabolism-related genes (PpEG), sucrose metabolism-related genes (PpSPS), phenylalanine metabolism-related genes (PpPAL, Pp4CL, and PpHCT), and transcription factors (PpNAC, PpMADS-box, PpDof, PpSBP, and PpHB). CONCLUSION Overall, NAA treatment at the fruit expansion stage could inhibit some metabolism processes involved in the related genes in the growth and development of peach fruit by regulating multiple-hormone signaling networks. These results help reveal the short-term regulatory mechanism of auxin at the fruit expansion stage and provide new insights into the multi-hormone cascade regulatory network of fruit growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China.
| | - Ziwen Su
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linjia Luo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiecai Liu
- Inner MongoliaAgricultural University, Huhehaote, 010010, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China.
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