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D’Angelo A, Vitiello L, Lixi F, Abbinante G, Coppola A, Gagliardi V, Pellegrino A, Giannaccare G. Optic Nerve Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2214. [PMID: 38673487 PMCID: PMC11050811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have been interested in neuroprotective therapies as a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy to treat neurodegenerative disorders by shielding the brain system from harmful events. Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from glaucoma, an ocular neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual excavation of the optic nerve head, retinal axonal damage, and consequent visual loss. The pathology's molecular cause is still mostly unknown, and the current treatments are not able to alter the disease's natural progression. Thus, the modern approach to treating glaucoma consists of prescribing medications with neuroprotective properties, in line with the treatment strategy suggested for other neurodegenerative diseases. For this reason, several naturally derived compounds, including nicotinamide and citicoline, have been studied throughout time to try to improve glaucoma management by exploiting their neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this review is to examine the naturally derived compounds that are currently utilized in clinical practice for neuroprotection in glaucomatous patients based on scientific data, emphasizing these compounds' pivotal mechanism of action as well as their proven therapeutic and neuroprotective benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D’Angelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy;
| | - Livio Vitiello
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Filippo Lixi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy; (F.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Abbinante
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Coppola
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Gagliardi
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alfonso Pellegrino
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy; (F.L.); (G.G.)
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Tavanappanavar AN, Mulla SI, Shekhar Seth C, Bagewadi ZK, Rahamathulla M, Muqtader Ahmed M, Ayesha Farhana S. Phytochemical analysis, GC-MS profile and determination of antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities of peel and seeds extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate) of Tamarindus indica L. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103878. [PMID: 38125735 PMCID: PMC10730893 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamarindus indica L., is widely used tree in ayurvedic medicine. Here, we aimed to understand the presence of important constituents in seeds and peel of Tamarind fruits and their biological activities. Hence, seeds and peel of Tamarind fruits are used for further extraction process by soxhlet method (chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents). Results suggest that the ethyl acetate extract (seeds) consists of terpenoids (72.29 ± 0.513 mg/g), phenolic content (68.67 ± 2.11 mg/g) and flavonoids (26.36 ± 2.03 mg/g) whereas chloroform extract (seeds) has terpenoids (42.29 ± 0.98 mg/g). Similarly, chloroform extract (peel) has terpenoids (25.96 ± 3.20 mg/g) and flavonoids (46.36 ± 2.03 mg/g) whereas ethyl acetate extract (peel) has terpenoids (62.93 ± 0.987 mg/g). Furthermore, anti-inflammation activity results revealed that the chloroform extract of peel was found to be more effective with IC50 of 226.14 µg/ml by protein denaturation analysis and with IC50 of 245.5 µg/ml on lipoxygenase inhibition activity. Chloroform extract (peel and seeds) shown better antioxidant activity using DPPH than ethyl acetate extract (peel and seeds). Ethyl acetate extract of seeds showed impressive potency by inhibiting the growth of fungus, Candida albicans. Additionally, ethyl acetate extract of seeds showed impressive potency inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli than Bacillus cereus. GC-MS analysis shown the existence of diverse set of phytochemicals in each extract. Overall, comparative studies highlight the effectiveness of seeds extracts than peel extracts. Moreover, GC-MS results suggest that the seeds and peel extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate) contains a wide range of compounds (including flavonoids, isovanillic acid, fatty acids and phenolic compounds) which can be utilized for therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinath N. Tavanappanavar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sikandar I. Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India
| | | | - Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 62223, Al Faraa, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syeda Ayesha Farhana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
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Shalaby ES, Aboutaleb S, Ismail SA, Yassen NN, Sedik AA. Chitosan tamarind-based nanoparticles as a promising approach for topical application of curcumin intended for burn healing: in vitro and in vivo study. J Drug Target 2023; 31:1081-1097. [PMID: 37886815 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2276662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the most prevalent worldwide problems that affect all ages and genders is skin burn. The goal of our study was to assess the ability of curcumin nanoparticles to cure a rat burn model. Three formulations were selected after several tests were performed including investigation of encapsulation efficiency, particle size and zeta potential measurements. In vitro release was achieved on the three selected formulations. The effectiveness of the chosen formulation for healing was evaluated. The induced burn wound was smeared, starting just after excision, once daily with curcumin nanoparticles for 18 days. Our findings revealed that curcumin nanoparticles improved the burn healing potential by augmenting the skin regeneration indices as evidenced by enhancing the new production of hyaluronic acid and collagen type I. Additionally, curcumin nanoparticles could increase levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and alpha smooth muscle activity while drastically reducing the skin's tumour necrosis factor content, revealing a significant potential for burn healing process that is also reflected in the histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Finally, our results demonstrated that curcumin nanoparticles revealed a significant potential for burn healing than curcumin alone due to its potent antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S Shalaby
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally Aboutaleb
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha N Yassen
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Sedik
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Ghaly MF, Albalawi MA, Bendary MM, Shahin A, Shaheen MA, Abu Eleneen AF, Ghoneim MM, Elmaaty AA, Elrefai MFM, Zaitone SA, Abousaty AI. Tamarindus indica Extract as a Promising Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Therapy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030464. [PMID: 36978330 PMCID: PMC10044421 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide crises from multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are pushing us to search for new alternative therapies. The renewed interest in medicinal plants has gained the attention of our research group. Tamarindus indica L. (T. indica) is one of the traditional medicines used for a wide range of diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of T. indica. The inhibitions zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and fractional inhibitor concentration indices (FICI) against Gram+ve and −ve pathogens were detected. The bioactive compounds from T. indica extract were identified by mass spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and bio-autographic assay. We performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular docking studies to confirm possible mechanisms of actions and antivirulence activities, respectively. We found more promising antimicrobial activities against MDR pathogens with MIC and MBC values for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), i.e., (0.78, 3.12 mg/mL) and (1.56, 3.12 mg/mL), respectively. The antimicrobial activities of this extract were attributed to its capability to impair cell membrane permeability, inducing bacterial cell lysis, which was confirmed by the morphological changes observed under SEM. The synergistic interactions between this extract and commonly used antibiotics were confirmed (FICI values < 0.5). The bioactive compounds of this extract were bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and bis(8-methylnonyl) ester. Additionally, this extract showed antivirulence activities, especially against the S. aureus protease and P. aeruginosa elastase. In conclusion, we hope that pharmaceutical companies can utilize our findings to produce a new formulation of T. indica ethanolic extract with other antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Ghaly
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud M. Bendary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-12-275-50629 or +20-11-0008-6154; Fax: +20-55-228-3683
| | - Ahmed Shahin
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Shaheen
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11311, Egypt
| | - Abeer F. Abu Eleneen
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. M. Elrefai
- Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13116, Jordan
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amira I. Abousaty
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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