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Liu X, Hong H, Wang J, Huang J, Li J, Tao Y, Liu M, Pang H, Li J, Bo R. Mucosal immune responses and protective efficacy elicited by oral administration AMP-ZnONPs-adjuvanted inactivated H9N2 virus in chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103496. [PMID: 38330890 PMCID: PMC10864799 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The avian influenza virus is infected through the mucosal route, thus mucosal barrier defense is very important. While the inactivated H9N2 vaccine cannot achieve sufficient mucosal immunity, adjuvants are needed to induce mucosal and systemic immunity to prevent poultry from H9N2 influenza virus infection. Our previous study found that polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz binding with zinc oxide nanoparticles (AMP-ZnONPs) had immune-enhancing effects in vitro. This study aimed to evaluate the mucosal immune responses of oral whole-inactivated H9N2 virus (WIV)+AMP-ZnONPs and its impact on the animal challenge protection, and the corresponding changes of pulmonary metabolomics after the second immunization. The results showed that compared to the WIV, the combined treatment of WIV and AMP-ZnONPs significantly enhanced the HI titer, IgG and specific sIgA levels, the number of goblet cells and intestinal epithelial lymphocytes (iIELs) as well as the expression of J-chain, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In viral attack experiments, WIV combing with AMP-ZnONPs effectively reduced lung damage and viral titers in throat swabs. Interestingly, significant changes of both the IgA intestinal immune network and PPAR pathway could also be found in the WIV+AMP-ZnONPs group compared to the non-infected group. Taken together, these findings suggest that AMP-ZnONPs can serve as a potential mucosal vaccine adjuvant, thereby avoiding adverse stress and corresponding costs caused by vaccine injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hailong Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ya Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Liu X, Lin X, Hong H, Wang J, Tao Y, Huai Y, Pang H, Liu M, Li J, Bo R. Polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz Binding with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Mucosal Immune Adjuvant for H9N2 Inactivated Vaccine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2132. [PMID: 38396809 PMCID: PMC10889192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza poses a significant public health risk, necessitating effective vaccines for mass immunization. Oral inactivated vaccines offer advantages like the ease of administration, but their efficacy often requires enhancement through mucosal adjuvants. In a previous study, we established a novel complex of polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz binding with zinc oxide nanoparticles (AMP-ZnONPs) and preliminarily demonstrated its immune-enhancing function. This work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AMP-ZnONPs as adjuvants in an oral H9N2-inactivated vaccine and the vaccine's impact on intestinal mucosal immunity. In this study, mice were orally vaccinated on days 0 and 14 after adapting to the environment. AMP-ZnONPs significantly improved HI titers, the levels of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a in serum and sIgA in intestinal lavage fluid; increased the number of B-1 and B-2 cells and dendritic cell populations; and enhanced the mRNA expression of intestinal homing factors and immune-related cytokines. Interestingly, AMP-ZnONPs were more likely to affect B-1 cells than B-2 cells. AMP-ZnONPs showed mucosal immune enhancement that was comparable to positive control (cholera toxin, CT), but not to the side effect of weight loss caused by CT. Compared to the whole-inactivated H9N2 virus (WIV) group, the WIV + AMP-ZnONP and WIV + CT groups exhibited opposite shifts in gut microbial abundance. AMP-ZnONPs serve as an effective and safe mucosal adjuvant for oral WIV, improving cellular, humoral and mucosal immunity and microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, avoiding the related undesired effects of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Xinyi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Hailong Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Ya Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Yuying Huai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (M.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (M.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jingui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (M.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (M.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Wang Y, Qiu F, Zheng Q, Hong A, Wang T, Zhang J, Lin L, Ren Z, Qin T. Preparation, characterization and immune response of chitosan‑gold loaded Myricaria germanica polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128670. [PMID: 38070794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel nano-drug delivery system (CS-Au NPs) based on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and chitosan (CS) that modified Myricaria germanica polysaccharide (MGP) was developed to enhance immune responses. At a MGP to CS Au ratio of 5:1, CS-Au-MGP NPs had a loading capacity of 78.27 %. The structure of CS-Au-MGP NPs were characterized by Transmission electron microscope, TEM-energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, particle size and zeta-potential distribution analysis. Under weakly acidic conditions, in vitro CS-Au-MGP NPs release was most effective. In vivo showed that co-immunization with CS-Au-MGP NPs and PCV2 significantly increased the organ index of the thymus, spleen, and liver in mice. Additionally, CS-Au-MGP NPs significantly increased the levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies, as well as IFN-γ and IL-6 levels. Furthermore, the CS-Au-MGP NPs promoted proliferation of spleen T and B lymphocytes, increased the number of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells, and increased the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. Meanwhile, CS-Au-MGP NPs remarkably TLR2/IRAK4 pathway activation and mRNA levels of cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-6). These results indicated that CS-Au-MGP NPs could enhance the immune activity, and it could be potentially used as an MGP delivery system for the induction of strong immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Fuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ancan Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Non-human Primate Laboratory Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350013, PR China
| | - Lifan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
| | - Tao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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