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Athalye-Jape G, Esvaran M, Patole S, Nathan EA, Doherty DA, Sim E, Chandrasekaran L, Kok C, Schuster S, Conway P. Effects of a live versus heat-inactivated probiotic Bifidobacterium spp in preterm infants: a randomised clinical trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2024:fetalneonatal-2023-326667. [PMID: 39153842 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat-inactivated probiotics (HPs) may provide an effective alternative to live probiotics (P) by avoiding their risks (eg, probiotic sepsis) while retaining the benefits. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a HP in very preterm (VP: gestation <32 weeks) infants. METHODS VP infants were randomly allocated to receive a HP or P mixture (Bifidobacterium breve M-16V, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536, total 3×109 CFU/day) assuring blinding. Primary outcome was faecal calprotectin (FCP) levels were compared after 3 weeks of supplementation. Secondary outcomes included faecal microbiota and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. RESULTS 86 VP infants were randomised to HP or P group (n=43 each). Total FCP and SCFA were comparable between HP and P groups within 7 days (T1) and between day 21 and 28 (T2) after supplementation. At T2, median (range) FCP was 75 (8-563) in the HP group and 80 (21-277) in the P group (p=0.71). Propionate was significantly raised in both groups, while butyrate was significantly raised in the HP group (all p<0.01). Bacterial richness and diversity increased but was comparable between HP and P (p>0.05). Beta diversity showed similar community structures in both groups (all p>0.05). Changes in faecal Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacteriacae levels were comparable in both groups at T1 and T2. There was no probiotic sepsis. CONCLUSIONS HP was safe and showed no significant difference in FCP as compared with a live probiotic. Adequately powered trials are needed to assess the effects of HP on clinically significant outcomes in preterm infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12618000489291.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Athalye-Jape
- Neonatal Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women Perth, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Meera Esvaran
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patole
- Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Neonatology, Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Nathan
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Western Australia, Australia, Australia
| | - Dorota A Doherty
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Edric Sim
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Chooi Kok
- Neonatal Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women Perth, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Patricia Conway
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of Newsouth Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hasaniani N, Mostafa Rahimi S, Akbari M, Sadati F, Pournajaf A, Rostami-Mansoor S. The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis Management. Neuroscience 2024; 551:31-42. [PMID: 38777135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune disorder predominantly afflicting young adults. The etiology of MS is intricate, involving a variety of environmental and genetic factors. Current research increasingly focuses on the substantial contribution of gut microbiota in MS pathogenesis. The commensal microbiota resident within the intestinal milieu assumes a central role within the intricate network recognized as the gut-brain axis (GBA), wielding beneficial impact in neurological and psychological facets. As a result, the modulation of gut microbiota is considered a pivotal aspect in the management of neural disorders, including MS. Recent investigations have unveiled the possibility of using probiotic supplements as a promising strategy for exerting a positive impact on the course of MS. This therapeutic approach operates through several mechanisms, including the reinforcement of gut epithelial integrity, augmentation of the host's resistance against pathogenic microorganisms, and facilitation of mucosal immunomodulatory processes. The present study comprehensively explains the gut microbiome's profound influence on the central nervous system (CNS). It underscores the pivotal role played by probiotics in forming the immune system and modulating neurotransmitter function. Furthermore, the investigation elucidates various instances of probiotic utilization in MS patients, shedding light on the potential therapeutic advantages afforded by this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hasaniani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Akbari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Sadati
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Biomedical and Microbial Advanced Technologies (BMAT) Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami-Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Gundogdu A, Karis G, Killpartrick A, Ulu-Kilic A, Nalbantoglu OU. A Shotgun Metagenomics Investigation into Labeling Inaccuracies in Widely Sold Probiotic Supplements in the USA. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300780. [PMID: 38856022 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
While probiotics are generally considered safe, concerns persist regarding the accuracy of labels on these supplements and their potential contribution to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Given that probiotics are predominantly ingested with a view towards obtaining particular health benefits. The objective of this study is to assess the composition of 50 widely available probiotic supplements in the USA using shotgun metagenome sequencing. The study also determines the potential resistome profile, and the functional characteristics of these products. This study finds that 67% of products does not contain any labeling inaccuracies. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs) are identified in several products, particularly Bacillus-based products carrying between 10 and 56 genes. The risk posed by the presence of these ARGs requires further study. Functional analysis reveals differences in metabolic profiles among probiotic supplements, indicating the importance of strain-level selection for personalized probiotics. This study provides updated and comprehensive analysis to evaluate a snapshot of the USA market. The study demonstrates that label inaccuracies occur on approximately one third of popular dietary supplement products sold in the USA, supporting the need for improved approaches to marketing and quality control. Further, the risk of antibiotic resistance, especially in Bacillus-based formulations, should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aycan Gundogdu
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Gizem Karis
- Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gevher Nesibe Genome and Stem Cell Institute, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Adam Killpartrick
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Aysegul Ulu-Kilic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Ufuk Nalbantoglu
- Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Department of Computer Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
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Kaszab E, Laczkó L, Kardos G, Bányai K. Antimicrobial resistance genes and associated mobile genetic elements in Lactobacillales from various sources. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1281473. [PMID: 38045025 PMCID: PMC10690630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1281473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillales are commonly used in food products and as probiotics in animal and human medicine. Despite being generally recognized as safe, lactic acid bacteria may harbor a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which may be transferable to human or veterinary pathogens, thus, may pose veterinary and public health concerns. This study investigates the resistome of Lactobacillales. A total of 4,286 whole-genome sequences were retrieved from NCBI RefSeq database. We screened ARGs in whole genome sequences and assessed if they are transmissible by plasmid transfer or by linkage to integrative mobile genetic elements. In the database, 335 strains were found to carry at least one ARG, and 194 strains carried at least one potentially transferable ARG. The most prevalent transferable ARG were tetM and tetW conferring antibiotic resistance to tetracycline. This study highlights the importance of the One Health concept by demonstrating the potential for Lactobacillales, commonly used in food products, to serve as reservoirs and vectors for ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kaszab
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Laczkó
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-DE Conservation Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Mollova D, Gozmanova M, Apostolova E, Yahubyan G, Iliev I, Baev V. Illuminating the Genomic Landscape of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PU3-A Novel Probiotic Strain Isolated from Human Breast Milk, Explored through Nanopore Sequencing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2440. [PMID: 37894099 PMCID: PMC10609609 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum stands out as a remarkably diverse species of lactic acid bacteria, occupying a myriad of ecological niches. Particularly noteworthy is its presence in human breast milk, which can serve as a reservoir of probiotic bacteria, contributing significantly to the establishment and constitution of infant gut microbiota. In light of this, our study attempted to conduct an initial investigation encompassing both genomic and phenotypic aspects of the L. plantarum PU3 strain, that holds potential as a probiotic agent. By employing the cutting-edge third-generation Nanopore sequencing technology, L. plantarum PU3 revealed a circular chromosome of 3,180,940 bp and nine plasmids of various lengths. The L. plantarum PU3 genome has a total of 2962 protein-coding and non-coding genes. Our in-depth investigations revealed more than 150 probiotic gene markers that unfold the genetic determinants for acid tolerance, bile resistance, adhesion, and oxidative and osmotic stress. The in vivo analysis showed the strain's proficiency in utilizing various carbohydrates as growth substrates, complementing the in silico analysis of the genes involved in metabolic pathways. Notably, the strain demonstrated a pronounced affinity for D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, and D-Gluconic acid, among other carbohydrate sources. The in vitro experimental verification of acid, osmotic and bile tolerance validated the robustness of the strain in challenging environments. Encouragingly, no virulence factors were detected in the genome of PU3, suggesting its safety profile. In search of beneficial properties, we found potential bacteriocin biosynthesis clusters, suggesting its capability for antimicrobial activity. The characteristics exhibited by L. plantarum PU3 pave the way for promising strain potential, warranting further investigations to unlock its full capacity and contributions to probiotic and therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mollova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Mariyana Gozmanova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Elena Apostolova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Galina Yahubyan
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Vesselin Baev
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
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