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Zhao S, Li X, Yao X, Wan W, Xu L, Guo L, Bai J, Hu C, Yu H. Transformation of antibiotics to non-toxic and non-bactericidal products by laccases ensure the safety of Stropharia rugosoannulata. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135099. [PMID: 38981236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The substantial use of antibiotics contributes to the spread and evolution of antibiotic resistance, posing potential risks to food production systems, including mushroom production. In this study, the potential risk of antibiotics to Stropharia rugosoannulata, the third most productive straw-rotting mushroom in China, was assessed, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Tetracycline exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations (<500 μg/L) did not influence the growth of S. rugosoannulata mycelia, while high concentrations of tetracycline (>500 mg/L) slightly inhibited its growth. Biodegradation was identified as the main antibiotic removal mechanism in S. rugosoannulata, with a degradation rate reaching 98.31 % at 200 mg/L tetracycline. High antibiotic removal efficiency was observed with secreted proteins of S. rugosoannulata, showing removal efficiency in the order of tetracyclines > sulfadiazines > quinolones. Antibiotic degradation products lost the ability to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, and tetracycline degradation products could not confer a growth advantage to antibiotic-resistant strains. Two laccases, SrLAC1 and SrLAC9, responsible for antibiotic degradation were identified based on proteomic analysis. Eleven antibiotics from tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and quinolones families could be transformed by these two laccases with degradation rates of 95.54-99.95 %, 54.43-100 %, and 5.68-57.12 %, respectively. The biosafety of the antibiotic degradation products was evaluated using the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST), revealing a decreased toxicity or no toxic effect. None of the S. rugosoannulata fruiting bodies from seven provinces in China contained detectable antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). This study demonstrated that S. rugosoannulata can degrade antibiotics into non-toxic and non-bactericidal products that do not accelerate the spread of antibiotic resistance, ensuring the safety of S. rugosoannulata production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxue Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xingdong Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lizhong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- Instrumental analysis center of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China.
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Zhao S, Li X, Yao X, Liu X, Pan C, Guo L, Bai J, Chen T, Yu H, Hu C. Detoxification of tetracycline and synthetic dyes by a newly characterized Lentinula edodes laccase, and safety assessment using proteomic analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116324. [PMID: 38636260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Fungal laccase has strong ability in detoxification of many environmental contaminants. A putative laccase gene, LeLac12, from Lentinula edodes was screened by secretome approach. LeLac12 was heterogeneously expressed and purified to characterize its enzymatic properties to evaluate its potential use in bioremediation. This study showed that the extracellular fungal laccase from L. edodes could effectively degrade tetracycline (TET) and the synthetic dye Acid Green 25 (AG). The growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis by TET revealed that the antimicrobial activity was significantly reduced after treatment with the laccase-HBT system. 16 transformation products of TET were identified by UPLC-MS-TOF during the laccase-HBT oxidation process. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that LeLac12 could completely mineralize ring-cleavage products. LeLac12 completely catalyzed 50 mg/L TET within 4 h by adding AG (200 mg/L), while the degradation of AG was above 96% even in the co-contamination system. Proteomic analysis revealed that central carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, and DNA replication/repair were affected by TET treatment and the latter system could contribute to the formation of multidrug-resistant strains. The results demonstrate that LeLac12 is an efficient and environmentally method for the removal of antibiotics and dyes in the complex polluted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxue Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Xingdong Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Chao Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Lizhong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China.
| | - Chunhui Hu
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China.
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Yan M, Zhai D, Li Q, Zhang M, Jiang N, Liu J, Song C, Shang X, Chen H, Yu H. Comparative Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits of Different Pleurotus giganteus Germplasm Resources. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:238. [PMID: 38398747 PMCID: PMC10890421 DOI: 10.3390/life14020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Agronomic traits are key components in variety protection, cultivar development, and the formulation of DUS (distinct, uniform, and stable) test guidelines. P. giganteus is an increasingly popular and commercially promising edible macrofungi. In this study, both mycelial performance and fruiting body characters of 15 Pleurotus giganteus strains were investigated. The temperature gradient culture test indicated that, although most of the strains achieved optimal mycelial growth between 24 and 28 °C, a statistical difference in mycelial growth rates and temperature adaptability among strains were found, supporting that this trait has the potential to be adopted as an indicator in distinguishing strains. In the fruiting performance tests, the coefficient of variation (CV) of tested traits ranged from 5.30% (pileus diameter) to 18.70% (individual mushroom weight). The mushroom yields ranged from 103.37 g/bag (strain No. 15) to 275.76 g/bag (strain No. 9). The large divergence observed in individual mushroom weight tested strains, ranging from 40.88 g to 78.39 g (with median between 37.69 and 79.395 g), make it highly selective and a potential indicator in variety development. Strain No. 9 had the advantages of forming larger, heavier fruiting bodies and a more obvious funnel shape, which also exhibited the highest biological efficiency (15.61%). The results suggested some morphological traits showed high variety difference, such as pileus diameter (55.75 mm to 66.48 mm), stipe length (92.59 mm to 177.51 mm), stipe diameter (16.14 mm to 23.52 mm), and pileus thickness (13.38 mm to 19.75 mm). In the cluster analysis, the tested strains were grouped into four clusters based on agronomic traits: cluster Ⅰ comprised six strains (No. 6, No. 11, No. 8, No. 1, No. 14, and No. 9) with high mushroom yield; cluster Ⅱ included four strains (No. 3, No. 10, No. 7, and No. 4) with large pileus diameter and short stipe; cluster ⅡI consisted of four strains (No. 5, No. 12, No. 13, and No. 15) with relatively lower yields; and cluster Ⅳ included only strain No. 2 which was low in yield, individual mushroom weight, and biological efficiency, accompanied by smaller pileus size and shorter stipe. The results of the correlation analysis indicated three traits, including individual mushroom weight, stipe length, and pileus weight, were positively associated with high yield. This study suggested P. giganteus germplasm resources are of high abundance and their agronomic diversity is useful in distinguishing and developing different varieties. The findings of this work provide knowledge on the agronomic traits and cultivation performance of various P. giganteus strains, laying a foundation for the development of its DUS test guidelines and variety protection, as well as providing reference for the breeding and phenotype selection of high-quality cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dandan Zhai
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Jianyu Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Chunyan Song
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaodong Shang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Hailong Yu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (N.J.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (X.S.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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