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Chen Q, Yang X, Hong P, Liu M, Li Z, Zhou C, Zhong S, Liu S. GC-MS, GC-IMS, and E-Nose Analysis of Volatile Aroma Compounds in Wet-Marinated Fermented Golden Pomfret Prepared Using Different Cooking Methods. Foods 2024; 13:390. [PMID: 38338525 PMCID: PMC10855196 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The cooking method is extremely important for the production of low-salt, wet-marinated, fermented golden pomfret because it strongly influences its flavor components and organoleptic quality. There are also significant differences in flavor preferences in different populations. The present study analyzed differences in the aroma characteristics of wet-marinated fermented golden pomfret after boiling, steaming, microwaving, air-frying, and baking using a combination of an electronic nose, GC-IMS, and SPME-GC-MS. Electronic nose PCA showed that the flavors of the boiled (A), steamed (B), and microwaved (C) treatment groups were similar, and the flavors of the baking (D) and air-frying (E) groups were similar. A total of 72 flavor compounds were detected in the GC-IMS analysis, and the comparative analysis of the cooked wet-marinated and fermented golden pomfret yielded a greater abundance of flavor compounds. SPME-GC-MS analysis detected 108 flavor compounds, and the results were similar for baking and air-frying. Twelve key flavor substances, including hexanal, isovaleraldehyde, and (E)-2-dodecenal, were identified by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and VIP analysis. These results showed that the cooking method could be a key factor in the flavor distribution of wet-marinated fermented golden pomfret, and consumers can choose the appropriate cooking method accordingly. The results can provide theoretical guidance for the more effective processing of fish products and the development of subsequent food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Q.C.); (X.Y.); (P.H.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xuebo Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Q.C.); (X.Y.); (P.H.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Q.C.); (X.Y.); (P.H.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Meijiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Q.C.); (X.Y.); (P.H.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhuyi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Q.C.); (X.Y.); (P.H.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Q.C.); (X.Y.); (P.H.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Q.C.); (X.Y.); (P.H.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shouchun Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Q.C.); (X.Y.); (P.H.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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