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Yang JJ, Zhou J, Liu SYM, Li M, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Fan Y, Pan H, Wang B, Chen G, Wang K, Jiang L, Hu Y, Shi J, Dong X, Ding C, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liao W, Li W, Wang J, Yi S, Zhao Q, Zang A, Chen Y, Cui J, Luo P, Shen X, Sun M, Wang C, Wu YL. Foritinib in advanced ROS1-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer in China: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2024; 12:671-680. [PMID: 39059398 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently approved targeted treatment for ROS1-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has either inadequate intracranial activity or CNS-related toxicities. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of foritinib, a novel ALK and ROS1 inhibitor, in patients with advanced ROS1-rearranged NSCLC. METHODS This two-part (phase 2a and 2b), multicentre, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study was done in 29 centres in China. Eligible participants were adults (aged ≥18 years) with histologically or cytologically confirmed ROS1-rearranged, locally advanced or metastatic stage IIIB-IV NSCLC, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less. Patients who had previously received no or one ROS1 inhibitor were enrolled into phase 2a, and patients who were naive to ROS1 inhibitor therapy were enrolled into phase 2b cohort 1. Participants in phase 2a received 80, 120, 160, or 210 mg foritinib succinate (foritinib) orally once daily over 21-day cycles; patients in phase 2b received the recommended phase 2 dose of 160 mg. The primary endpoint was objective response rate, assessed by the independent review committee in the full analysis set (ie, all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment). The safety analysis set included all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment and had available safety assessments. This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04237805. FINDINGS Between March 26, 2020, and Dec 29, 2022, 104 patients were enrolled and treated. Six patients who had previously received more than one ROS1 inhibitor were enrolled in phase 2a before a protocol amendment stating that patients in this phase should have received no more than one ROS1 inhibitor; these patients were included in the safety analysis but excluded from the efficacy analysis of the ROS1-inhibitor-pretreated cohort. Therefore, the efficacy analysis set (n=98) included 42 patients from phase 2a (17 who were ROS1 inhibitor naive and 25 who had previously received ROS1 inhibitor) and 56 patients from phase 2b cohort 1. In phase 2a, the objective response rate was 94% (95% CI 71-100; 16 of 17 patients) in patients who were ROS1 inhibitor naive and 40% (21-61; ten of 25) in patients who had previously received ROS1 inhibitor. In phase 2b cohort 1, the objective response rate was 88% (95% CI 76-95; 49 of 56 patients). In a prespecified exploratory analysis in 41 patients with CNS metastases at baseline, the objective response rate was 100% (95% CI 48-100; five of five patients) in patients in phase 2a who were ROS1 inhibitor naive, 40% (16-68; six of 15) in patients in phase 2a who had previously received ROS1 inhibitor, and 90% (70-99; 19 of 21) in patients in phase 2b cohort 1. Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 33 (32%) of 104 patients; the most common were hyperglycaemia (12 [12%] patients) and electrocardiogram prolonged QT interval (six [6%]). Serious treatment-related adverse events occurred in 11 (11%) patients, with hyperglycaemia (six [6%]) being most common. No treatment-related adverse events led to death. INTERPRETATION Foritinib showed systemic and intracranial antitumour activity and good tolerability in ROS1-inhibitor-naive patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC. Foritinib represents a promising treatment for these patients, especially in those with CNS metastases. FUNDING Fosun Pharma, Wanbang Biopharmaceuticals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ji Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yang Maggie Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Fan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baoqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gongyan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuimin Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shanyong Yi
- Department of Oncology of the Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Luo
- Department of Oncology, Yongzhou Central Hospital, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xionghu Shen
- Department of Oncology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Meili Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Su Y, Cao C, Chen S, Lian J, Han M, Liu X, Deng C. Olanzapine Modulate Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Accumulation via Hepatic Muscarinic M3 Receptor-Mediated Alk-Related Signaling. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1403. [PMID: 39061977 PMCID: PMC11274235 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug and a potent muscarinic M3 receptor (M3R) antagonist. Olanzapine has been reported to cause metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), a tyrosine kinase receptor well known in the pathogenesis of cancer, has been recently identified as a key gene in the regulation of thinness via the regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis. This project aimed to investigate whether Olanzapine could modulate the hepatic Alk pathway and lipid metabolism via M3R. Female rats were treated with Olanzapine and/or Cevimeline (an M3R agonist) for 9 weeks. Lipid metabolism and hepatic Alk signaling were analyzed. Nine weeks' treatment of Olanzapine caused metabolic disturbance including increased body mass index (BMI), fat mass accumulation, and abnormal lipid metabolism. Olanzapine treatment also led to an upregulation of Chrm3, Alk, and its regulator Ptprz1, and a downregulation of Lmo4, a transcriptional repressor of Alk in the liver. Moreover, there were positive correlations between Alk and Chrm3, Alk and Ptprz1, and a negative correlation between Alk and Lmo4. However, cotreatment with Cevimeline significantly reversed the lipid metabolic disturbance and adipose tissue accumulation, as well as the upregulation of the hepatic Alk signaling caused by Olanzapine. This study demonstrates evidence that Olanzapine may cause metabolic disturbance by modulating hepatic Alk signaling via M3R, which provides novel insight for modulating the hepatic Alk signaling and potential interventions for targeting metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Su
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China;
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Chenyun Cao
- Department of Brain Science, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK;
| | - Shiyan Chen
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Jiamei Lian
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Mei Han
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Xuemei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Chao Deng
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
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Poei D, Ali S, Ye S, Hsu R. ALK inhibitors in cancer: mechanisms of resistance and therapeutic management strategies. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:20. [PMID: 38835344 PMCID: PMC11149099 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2024.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements have been identified as potent oncogenic drivers in several malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The discovery of ALK inhibition using a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has dramatically improved the outcomes of patients with ALK-mutated NSCLC. However, the emergence of intrinsic and acquired resistance inevitably occurs with ALK TKI use. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of ALK TKI resistance and discusses management strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Poei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sana Ali
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shirley Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert Hsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Mesquita FP, Lima LB, da Silva EL, Souza PFN, de Moraes MEA, Burbano RMR, Montenegro RC. A Review on Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Rearrangements and Mutations: Implications for Gastric Carcinogenesis and Target Therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:539-552. [PMID: 38424421 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037291318240130103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a complex disease with diverse genetic modifications, including Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene changes. The ALK gene is located on chromosome 2p23 and encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in embryonic development and cellular differentiation. ALK alterations can result from gene fusion, mutation, amplification, or overexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Fusion occurs when the ALK gene fuses with another gene, resulting in a chimeric protein with constitutive kinase activity and promoting oncogenesis. ALK mutations are less common but can also result in the activation of ALK signaling pathways. Targeted therapies for ALK variations in gastric adenocarcinoma have been developed, including ALK inhibitors that have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies. Future studies are needed to elucidate the ALK role in gastric cancer and to identify predictive biomarkers to improve patient selection for targeted therapy. Overall, ALK alterations are a relevant biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma treatment and targeted therapies for ALK may improve patients' overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pantoja Mesquita
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Luina Benevides Lima
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | | | - Rommel Mario Rodrigues Burbano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
- Latinoamericana de Implementación y Validación de guias clinicas Farmacogenomicas (RELIVAF), Brazil
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5
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Feng L, Chen X, Sheng G, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yao K, Wu Z, Zhang R, Kiboku T, Kawasaki A, Horimoto K, Tang Y, Sun M, Han F, Chen D. Synthesis and Bioevaluation of 3-(Arylmethylene)indole Derivatives: Discovery of a Novel ALK Modulator with Antiglioblastoma Activities. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14609-14622. [PMID: 37861443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common brain tumor, with high recurrence and low survival rates. An integrative bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma. We designed and synthesized a series of 3-(arylmethylene)indole derivatives, which were further evaluated for antiproliferative activity using glioma cell lines. Among them, compound 4a significantly inhibited the viability of glioblastoma cells. With favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and blood-brain barrier permeability, 4a improved the survival rate and inhibited the growth of orthotopic glioblastoma. The Phospho-Totum system revealed that ALK was a potential target for the antiglioblastoma activity of 4a. Further experiments indicated that 4a might be a novel ALK modulator, which interacted with the extracellular ligand-binding domain of ALK, thus selectively induced ERK-mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Our findings provide an alternative ALK-based targeting strategy and a new drug candidate for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Feng
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Gang Sheng
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhouyue Wu
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | | | | | - Katsuhisa Horimoto
- Socium Inc., Tokyo 1350064, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 1350064, Japan
| | - Yamin Tang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meiling Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
- Institute of Brain Science, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dongyin Chen
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China, International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Azab MA. Expression of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) in glioma and possible clinical correlations. A retrospective institutional study. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 36:100703. [PMID: 37271069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is considered the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Recurrence after treatment is a significant problem with a failed response to optimal treatment. The recurrence of GBM is linked to different cellular and molecular pathways. Nationwide, in Egypt, astrocytic tumors are the most commonly diagnosed CNS tumor. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK CD246) is an enzymatic protein (RTK) belonging to the insulin receptors superfamily. METHODS This is a retrospective study including sixty cases of astrocytic tumors (males = 40, mean age = 31.5), (females = 20, mean age = 37.77) obtained through collecting archived paraffin blocks of astrocytic tumor from the Pathology Department, Cairo University Faculty of Medicine during the period from January 2015 till January 2019. All cases were evaluated for ALK expression trying to find any clinical correlations with the clinical data. RESULTS Correlations were made using a scatterplot matrix correlogram. There was a significant correlation between tumor recurrence and ALK expression (r = 0.8, P < 0.01), and incidence of postoperative seizures (r = 0.8, P < 0.05), and between mean age and score tumor (r = 0.8, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Expression of ALK was found to be abundant among high-grade gliomas and tumor recurrence rate was higher in ALK-positive patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential use of ALK as a prognostic marker in cases of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Azab
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo University Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
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Schneider JL, Lin JJ, Shaw AT. ALK-positive lung cancer: a moving target. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:330-343. [PMID: 36797503 PMCID: PMC10754274 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a potent oncogenic driver in lung cancer. ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors yield significant benefit in patients with ALK fusion-positive (ALK+) lung cancers; yet the durability of response is limited by drug resistance. Elucidation of on-target resistance mechanisms has facilitated the development of next-generation ALK inhibitors, but overcoming ALK-independent resistance mechanisms remains a challenge. In this Review, we discuss the molecular underpinnings of acquired resistance to ALK-directed therapy and highlight new treatment approaches aimed at inducing long-term remission in ALK+ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Schneider
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica J Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Parejo-Alonso B, Royo-García A, Espiau-Romera P, Courtois S, Curiel-García Á, Zagorac S, Villaoslada I, Olive KP, Heeschen C, Sancho P. Pharmacological targeting of the receptor ALK inhibits tumorigenicity and overcomes chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114162. [PMID: 36571997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive disease characterized by its metastatic potential and chemoresistance. These traits are partially attributable to the highly tumorigenic pancreatic cancer stem cells (PaCSCs). Interestingly, these cells show unique features in order to sustain their identity and functionality, some of them amenable for therapeutic intervention. Screening of phospho-receptor tyrosine kinases revealed that PaCSCs harbored increased activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). We subsequently demonstrated that oncogenic ALK signaling contributes to tumorigenicity in PDAC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by promoting stemness through ligand-dependent activation. Indeed, the ALK ligands midkine (MDK) or pleiotrophin (PTN) increased self-renewal, clonogenicity and CSC frequency in several in vitro local and metastatic PDX models. Conversely, treatment with the clinically-approved ALK inhibitors Crizotinib and Ensartinib decreased PaCSC content and functionality in vitro and in vivo, by inducing cell death. Strikingly, ALK inhibitors sensitized chemoresistant PaCSCs to Gemcitabine, as the most used chemotherapeutic agent for PDAC treatment. Consequently, ALK inhibition delayed tumor relapse after chemotherapy in vivo by effectively decreasing the content of PaCSCs. In summary, our results demonstrate that targeting the MDK/PTN-ALK axis with clinically-approved inhibitors impairs in vivo tumorigenicity and chemoresistance in PDAC suggesting a new treatment approach to improve the long-term survival of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Parejo-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Royo-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Espiau-Romera
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sarah Courtois
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Álvaro Curiel-García
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sladjana Zagorac
- Center for Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing (Barts Cancer Institute), London, UK
| | - Isabel Villaoslada
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Adnan M, Koli S, Mohammad T, Siddiqui AJ, Patel M, Alshammari N, Bardakci F, Elasbali AM, Hassan MI. Searching for Novel Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors: Structure-Guided Screening of Natural Compounds for a Tyrosine Kinase Therapeutic Target in Cancers. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:461-470. [PMID: 35925819 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase molecular target with broad importance for drug discovery, especially in the field of cancer therapeutics. ALK belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily that is involved in various malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and neuroblastoma. ALK has been shown to play a role in cancer progression and metastasis, making it one of the prime targets to develop novel anticancer therapeutics. In this context, natural compounds can be an important resource to unravel novel ALK inhibitors. In this study, we report a structure-based virtual screening of natural compounds from the ZINC database, with an eye to potential inhibitors of ALK. Molecular docking was performed on a natural compound library, and top hits holding good binding affinity, docking score, and specificity toward ALK were selected. The hits were further evaluated based on the PAINS (pan-assay interference compounds) filter, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties, PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) analysis, and two-dimensional interaction of protein-ligand complexes. Importantly, two natural compounds (ZINC03845566 and ZINC03999625) were identified as potential candidates for ALK, having appreciable affinity and specificity toward the ALK binding pocket and depicting drug-like properties as predicted from ADMET analysis and their physicochemical parameters. An all-atom molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns on ALK promised stable ALK-ligand complexes. Hence, we conclude that ZINC03845566 and ZINC03999625 can act as potential ALK inhibitors against cancers where ALK plays a role, for example, in lung cancer, among others. All in all, these findings inform future discovery and translational research for ALK inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saadgee Koli
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Shen J, Meng Y, Wang K, Gao M, Du J, Wang J, Li Z, Zuo D, Wu Y. EML4-ALK G1202R mutation induces EMT and confers resistance to ceritinib in NSCLC cells via activation of STAT3/Slug signaling. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Ibrahim Abdul Hakeem AH, Khaled RST, Sherif Ismail M. Expression of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Astrocytic Tumors (Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma is the most common astrocytic tumor representing the highest World Health Organization (WHO) grade (WHO grade IV) with poor prognosis and short survival time. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has a role in embryonic central nervous system development. ALK receptor is thought to contribute to nervous system function, repair, and metabolic homeostasis and is expressed in high-grade tumors like anaplastic large cell lymphoma that makes it a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
AIM: This work aimed to examine the immunohistochemical expression of ALK in astrocytic tumors and its correlation with age, sex, clinical presentation, location, laterality, recurrence, and WHO grade to implicate possible therapeutic potential.
METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on sixty cases of archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks that included different subtypes and grades of astrocytic tumors. Immunohistochemistry using ALK monoclonal antibody was performed using a standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase system.
RESULTS: Of the sixty cases, 57 (95%) cases were negative for ALK, while three (5%) cases are positive for ALK; all showed the strong intensity of expression. No statistically significant association was found between ALK expression and astrocytic tumors in addition to other clinical variables of the studied tumors.
CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of astrocytic tumors showed negative ALK expression apart from three positive cases seen in higher WHO grades, especially gliosarcoma. The high number of negative cases for ALK in our study group suggests that ALK expression is not associated with a prognostic significance toward astrocytic tumors whatever its grade.
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Fountzilas C, Adjei A, Opyrchal M, Evans R, Ghasemi M, Attwood K, Groman A, Bshara W, Goey A, Wilton J, Ma WW, Iyer R. A phase I study of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor ceritinib in combination with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:2063-2074. [PMID: 34319586 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this phase I, dose-escalation study, we sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase/c-ROS oncogene 1 receptor (ALK/ROS1) inhibitor ceritinib in combination with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Secondary objectives were characterization of the safety profile, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of these combinations, and identification of potential biomarkers of efficacy. Ceritinib was combined with gemcitabine (Arm 1), gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (Arm 2) or gemcitabine/cisplatin (Arm 3). Drug concentrations in plasma were measured by tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS). We analyzed archival tumor tissue for ALK, ROS1, hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression by immunohistochemistry. Arm 2 closed early secondary to toxicity. Twenty-one patients were evaluable for dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). There was one DLT in Arm 1 (grade 3 ALT increase) and three DLTs in Arm 3 (grade 3 acute renal failure, grade 3 thrombocytopenia, grade 3 dyspnea). The MTD of ceritinib was determined to be 600 mg (Arm 1) and 450 mg orally daily (Arm 3). Main toxicities were hematologic, constitutional and gastrointestinal as expected by the chemotherapy backbone. The apparent clearance for ceritinib decreased substantially after repeated dosing; cisplatin did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of ceritinib. The overall response rate was 20%; the median progression-free survival was 4.8 months. Three out of five response-evaluable cholangiocarcinoma patients had clinical benefit. Increased expression of c-MET was associated with a lack of clinical benefit. Ceritinib in combination with gemcitabine and gemcitabine/cisplatin has a manageable toxicity profile. Further development of this strategy in tumors with ALK or ROS1 fusions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Fountzilas
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alex Adjei
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Evans
- Clinical Research Services, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Adrienne Groman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Pathology Resource Network, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Goey
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - John Wilton
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Pan Y, Xiao W, Ye F, Wang H, Shen Y, Yu X, Han X, Chu Q, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Ren S. Outcomes of switching from crizotinib to alectinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1014. [PMID: 34277814 PMCID: PMC8267309 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alectinib and crizotinib have been approved as first-line therapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusion. However, the therapeutic efficacy and side effects are still largely unknown of patients who switched to next-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs), such as alectinib, after experiencing no disease progression with initial crizotinib treatment. METHODS This prospective real-world study enrolled patients who were treated with alectinib after experiencing no disease progression with initial crizotinib treatment. The patients' baseline characteristics, objective response rate (ORR) of crizotinib and alectinib, size change of target tumor lesions, treatment regimen and adverse events (AEs) were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The study included 53 patients, the majority of whom (96.2%) had non-squamous NSCLC. The median age was 51 (range, 31-80) years old. The ORR of first-line crizotinib was 54.7%. The ORR of sequential alectinib was 73.6%, and 90.5% of patients showed further tumor shrinkage after the alectinib treatment. The median progression-free survival was not reached, and 90.5% of patients were still enrolled in the study at the last follow-up. Among them, 34.0% of patients switched to alectinib treatment due to the toxicity. Crizotinib was associated with a higher frequency of AEs of grades 3 and 4 than alectinib (15.1% vs. 0%). Neither group had any AEs resulting in death. CONCLUSIONS Switching to alectinib might be an option for patients who do not experience disease progression with initial crizotinib therapy, and may promote better treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital &Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yihong Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital &Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC West District), Hefei, China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital &Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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NPM-ALK: A Driver of Lymphoma Pathogenesis and a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010144. [PMID: 33466277 PMCID: PMC7795840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase associated with Anaplastic Large Cell lymphoma (ALCL) through oncogenic translocations mainly NPM-ALK. Chemotherapy is effective in ALK(+) ALCL patients and induces remission rates of approximately 80%. The remaining patients do not respond to chemotherapy and some patients have drug-resistant relapses. Different classes of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are available but used exclusively for EML4-ALK (+) lung cancers. The significant toxicities of most ALK inhibitors explain the delay in their use in pediatric ALCL patients. Some ALCL patients do not respond to the first generation TKI or develop an acquired resistance. Combination therapy with ALK inhibitors in ALCL is the current challenge. Abstract Initially discovered in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), the ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase is a tyrosine kinase which is affected in lymphomas by oncogenic translocations, mainly NPM-ALK. To date, chemotherapy remains a viable option in ALCL patients with ALK translocations as it leads to remission rates of approximately 80%. However, the remaining patients do not respond to chemotherapy and some patients have drug-resistant relapses. It is therefore crucial to identify new and better treatment options. Nowadays, different classes of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are available and used exclusively for EML4-ALK (+) lung cancers. In fact, the significant toxicities of most ALK inhibitors explain the delay in their use in ALCL patients, who are predominantly children. Moreover, some ALCL patients do not respond to Crizotinib, the first generation TKI, or develop an acquired resistance months following an initial response. Combination therapy with ALK inhibitors in ALCL is the current challenge.
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15
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Liran M, Rahamim N, Ron D, Barak S. Growth Factors and Alcohol Use Disorder. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a039271. [PMID: 31964648 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic growth factors were originally characterized for their support in neuronal differentiation, outgrowth, and survival during development. However, it has been acknowledged that they also play a vital role in the adult brain. Abnormalities in growth factors have been implicated in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). This work focuses on the interaction between alcohol and growth factors. We review literature suggesting that several growth factors play a unique role in the regulation of alcohol consumption, and that breakdown in these growth factor systems is linked to the development of AUD. Specifically, we focus on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1). We also review the literature on the potential role of midkine (MDK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) and their receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), in AUD. We show that alcohol alters the expression of these growth factors or their receptors in brain regions previously implicated in addiction, and that manipulations on these growth factors and their downstream signaling can affect alcohol-drinking behaviors in animal models. We conclude that there is a need for translational and clinical research to assess the therapeutic potential of new pharmacotherapies targeting these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirit Liran
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Rahamim
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California 94143-0663, USA
| | - Segev Barak
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.,School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Dornburg A, Wang Z, Wang J, Mo ES, López-Giráldez F, Townsend JP. Comparative Genomics within and across Bilaterians Illuminates the Evolutionary History of ALK and LTK Proto-Oncogene Origination and Diversification. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 13:5983394. [PMID: 33196781 PMCID: PMC7851593 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomic analyses have enormous potential for identifying key genes central to human health phenotypes, including those that promote cancers. In particular, the successful development of novel therapeutics using model species requires phylogenetic analyses to determine molecular homology. Accordingly, we investigate the evolutionary histories of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)—which can underlie tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma—its close relative leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) and their candidate ligands. Homology of ligands identified in model organisms to those functioning in humans remains unclear. Therefore, we searched for homologs of the human genes across metazoan genomes, finding that the candidate ligands Jeb and Hen-1 were restricted to nonvertebrate species. In contrast, the ligand augmentor (AUG) was only identified in vertebrates. We found two ALK-like and four AUG-like protein-coding genes in lamprey. Of these six genes, only one ALK-like and two AUG-like genes exhibited early embryonic expression that parallels model mammal systems. Two copies of AUG are present in nearly all jawed vertebrates. Our phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the presence of previously unrecognized functional convergences of ALK and LTK between actinopterygians and sarcopterygians—despite contemporaneous, highly conserved synteny of ALK and LTK. These findings provide critical guidance regarding the propriety of fish and mammal models with regard to model organism-based investigation of these medically important genes. In sum, our results provide the phylogenetic context necessary for effective investigations of the functional roles and biology of these critically important receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina Charlotte
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven.,Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Junrui Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven.,Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth S Mo
- Yale Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven
| | | | - Jeffrey P Townsend
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven.,Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.,Program in Microbiology, Yale University, New Haven
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17
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Dong Z, Li C, Coates D. PTN-PTPRZ signalling is involved in deer antler stem cell regulation during tissue regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3752-3769. [PMID: 33111346 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing deer antler contains a stem cell niche that can drive endochondral bone regeneration at up to 2 cm/day. Pleiotrophin (PTN), as a multifunctional growth factor, is found highly expressed at the messenger RNA level within the active antler stem cell tissues. This study aims to map the expression patterns of PTN protein and its receptors in a growing antler and investigate the effects of PTN on antler stem cells in vitro. Immunohistochemistry was employed to localise PTN/midkine (MDK) and their functional receptors, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), NOTCH2, and integrin αV β3, on serial slides of the antler growth centre. PTN was found to be the dominantly expressed growth factor in the PTN/MDK family. High expression of PTPRZ and ALK co-localised with PTN was found suggesting a potential interaction. The high levels of PTN and PTPRZ reflected the antler stem cell activation status during the regenerative process. When antler stem cells were cultured in vitro under the normoxic condition, no PTN protein was detected and exogenous PTN did not induce differentiation or proliferation but rather stem cell maintenance. Collectively, the antler stem cell niche appears to upregulate PTN and PTPRZ in vivo, and PTN-PTPRZ signalling may be involved in regulating antler stem cell behaviour during rapid antler regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Dawn Coates
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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López-Valero I, Dávila D, González-Martínez J, Salvador-Tormo N, Lorente M, Saiz-Ladera C, Torres S, Gabicagogeascoa E, Hernández-Tiedra S, García-Taboada E, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, Rodríguez-Fornés F, Sánchez-Domínguez R, Segovia JC, Sánchez-Gómez P, Matheu A, Sepúlveda JM, Velasco G. Midkine signaling maintains the self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity of glioma initiating cells. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5120-5136. [PMID: 32308772 PMCID: PMC7163450 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. It has been proposed that the presence within these tumors of a population of cells with stem-like features termed Glioma Initiating Cells (GICs) is responsible for the relapses that take place in the patients with this disease. Targeting this cell population is therefore an issue of great therapeutic interest in neuro-oncology. We had previously found that the neurotrophic factor MIDKINE (MDK) promotes resistance to glioma cell death. The main objective of this work is therefore investigating the role of MDK in the regulation of GICs. Methods: Assays of gene and protein expression, self-renewal capacity, autophagy and apoptosis in cultures of GICs derived from GBM samples subjected to different treatments. Analysis of the growth of GICs-derived xenografts generated in mice upon blockade of the MDK and its receptor the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) upon exposure to different treatments. Results: Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MDK or ALK decreases the self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity of GICs via the autophagic degradation of the transcription factor SOX9. Blockade of the MDK/ALK axis in combination with temozolomide depletes the population of GICs in vitro and has a potent anticancer activity in xenografts derived from GICs. Conclusions: The MDK/ALK axis regulates the self-renewal capacity of GICs by controlling the autophagic degradation of the transcription factor SOX9. Inhibition of the MDK/ALK axis may be a therapeutic strategy to target GICs in GBM patients.
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19
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cMyc and ERK activity are associated with resistance to ALK inhibitory treatment in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2019; 146:9-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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He D, Lasek AW. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Regulates Internalization of the Dopamine D2 Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:123-131. [PMID: 31734646 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in regions of the brain that control motor function, cognition, and motivation. As a result, D2R is involved in the pathophysiology of disorders such as schizophrenia and drug addiction. Understanding the signaling pathways activated by D2R is crucial to finding new therapeutic targets for these disorders. D2R stimulation by its agonist, dopamine, causes desensitization and internalization of the receptor. A previous study found that inhibitors of the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) blocked D2R desensitization in neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain. In the present study, using a cell-based system, we investigated whether ALK regulates D2R internalization. The ALK inhibitor alectinib completely inhibited dopamine-induced D2R internalization. Since GPCRs can transactivate receptor tyrosine kinases, we also examined if D2R stimulation activated ALK signaling. ALK phosphorylation increased by almost 2-fold after dopamine treatment and ALK coimmunoprecipitated with D2R. To identify the signaling pathways downstream of ALK that might regulate D2R internalization, we used pharmacological inhibitors of proteins activated by ALK signaling. Protein kinase Cγ was activated by dopamine in an ALK-dependent manner, and a protein kinase C inhibitor completely blocked dopamine-induced D2R internalization. Taken together, these results identify ALK as a receptor tyrosine kinase transactivated by D2R that promotes its internalization, possibly through activation of protein kinase C. ALK inhibitors could be useful in enhancing D2R signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Receptor internalization is a mechanism by which receptors are desensitized. In this study we found that agonist-induced internalization of the dopamine D2 receptor is regulated by the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK. ALK was also transactivated by and associated with dopamine D2 receptor. Dopamine activated protein kinase C in an ALK-dependent manner and a PKC inhibitor blocked dopamine D2 receptor internalization. These results indicate that ALK regulates dopamine D2 receptor trafficking, which has implications for psychiatric disorders involving dysregulated dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong He
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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Haque M, Li J, Huang YH, Almowaled M, Barger CJ, Karpf AR, Wang P, Chen W, Turner SD, Lai R. NPM-ALK Is a Key Regulator of the Oncoprotein FOXM1 in ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1119. [PMID: 31390744 PMCID: PMC6721812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) is an oncogenic transcription factor implicated in the pathogenesis of solid and hematologic cancers. In this study, we examined the significance of FOXM1 in NPM-ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (NPM-ALK + ALCL), with a focus on how it interacts with NPM-ALK, which is a key oncogenic driver in these tumors. FOXM1 was expressed in NPM-ALK + ALCL cell lines (5/5), patient samples (21/21), and tumors arising in NPM-ALK transgenic mice (4/4). FOXM1 was localized in the nuclei and confirmed to be transcriptionally active. Inhibition of FOXM1 in two NPM-ALK + ALCL cells using shRNA and pharmalogic agent (thiostrepton) resulted in reductions in cell growth and soft-agar colony formation, which were associated with apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. FOXM1 is functionally linked to NPM-ALK, as FOXM1 enhanced phosphorylation of the NPM-ALK/STAT3 axis. Conversely, DNA binding and transcriptional activity of FOXM1 was dependent on the expression of NPM-ALK. Further studies showed that this dependency hinges on the binding of FOXM1 to NPM1 that heterodimerizes with NPM-ALK, and the phosphorylation status of NPM-ALK. In conclusion, we identified FOXM1 as an important oncogenic protein in NPM-ALK+ ALCL. Our results exemplified that NPM-ALK exerts oncogenic effects in the nuclei and illustrated a novel role of NPM1 in NPM-ALK pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moinul Haque
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
- Electron Microscopy Center, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yung-Hsing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Meaad Almowaled
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Carter J Barger
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Hematology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Will Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada.
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22
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TROP-2 exhibits tumor suppressive functions in cervical cancer by dual inhibition of IGF-1R and ALK signaling. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 152:185-193. [PMID: 30429055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes promotes initiation and progression of cervical cancer. This study aims to investigate the tumor suppressive effects of TROP-2 in cervical cancer cells and to explain the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The tumor suppressive functions of TROP-2 in cervical cancer cells were examined by in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic functional assays. Downstream factors of TROP-2 were screened using Human Phospho-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Array. Small molecule inhibitors were applied to HeLa cells to test the TROP-2 effects on the oncogenicity of IGF-1R and ALK. Protein interactions between TROP-2 and the ligands of IGF-1R and ALK were detected via immunoprecipitation assay and protein-protein affinity prediction. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo functional assays showed that overexpression of TROP-2 significantly inhibited the oncogenicity of cervical cancer cells; while knockdown of TROP-2 exhibited opposite effects. Human Phospho-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Array showed that the activity of IGF-1R and ALK was stimulated by TROP-2 knockdown. Small molecule inhibitors AG1024 targeting IGF-1R and Crizotinib targeting ALK were treated to HeLa cells with and without TROP-2 overexpression, and results from cell viability and migration assays indicated that the oncogenicity of vector-transfected cells was repressed to a greater extent by the inhibition of either IGF-1R or ALK than that of the TROP-2-overexpressed cells. Immunoprecipitation assay and protein-protein affinity prediction suggested protein interactions between TROP-2 and the ligands of IGF-1R and ALK. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results support that TROP-2 exhibits tumor suppressor functions in cervical cancer through inhibiting the activity of IGF-1R and ALK.
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Schrank Z, Chhabra G, Lin L, Iderzorig T, Osude C, Khan N, Kuckovic A, Singh S, Miller RJ, Puri N. Current Molecular-Targeted Therapies in NSCLC and Their Mechanism of Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E224. [PMID: 29973561 PMCID: PMC6071023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is treated with many conventional therapies, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, these therapies have multiple undesirable side effects. To bypass the side effects elicited by these conventional treatments, molecularly-targeted therapies are currently in use or under development. Current molecularly-targeted therapies effectively target specific biomarkers, which are commonly overexpressed in lung cancers and can cause increased tumorigenicity. Unfortunately, several molecularly-targeted therapies are associated with initial dramatic responses followed by acquired resistance due to spontaneous mutations or activation of signaling pathways. Acquired resistance to molecularly targeted therapies presents a major clinical challenge in the treatment of lung cancer. Therefore, to address this clinical challenge and to improve lung cancer patient prognosis, we need to understand the mechanism of acquired resistance to current therapies and develop additional novel therapies. This review concentrates on various lung cancer biomarkers, including EGFR, ALK, and BRAF, as well as their potential mechanisms of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Schrank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Leo Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Tsatsral Iderzorig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Chike Osude
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Nabiha Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Adijan Kuckovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Sanjana Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Rachel J Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
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24
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Wang F, Bank T, Malnassy G, Arteaga M, Shang N, Dalheim A, Ding X, Cotler SJ, Denning MF, Nishimura MI, Breslin P, Qiu W. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor enhances the efficacy of sorafenib in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and survival. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:732-746. [PMID: 29881824 PMCID: PMC5983153 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common primary cancer and second largest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The first-line oral chemotherapeutic agent sorafenib only increases survival in patients with advanced HCC by less than 3 months. Most patients with advanced HCC have shown limited response rates and survival benefits with sorafenib. Although sorafenib is an inhibitor of multiple kinases, including serine/threonine-protein kinase c-Raf, serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, HCC cells are able to escape from sorafenib treatment using other pathways that the drug insufficiently inhibits. The aim of this study was to identify and target survival and proliferation pathways that enable HCC to escape the antitumor activity of sorafenib. We found that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) remains activated in HCC cells treated with sorafenib. Knockdown of IGF1R sensitizes HCC cells to sorafenib treatment and decreases protein kinase B (AKT) activation. Overexpression of constitutively activated AKT reverses the effect of knockdown of IGF1R in sensitizing HCC cells to treatment with sorafenib. Further, we found that ceritinib, a drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, effectively inhibits the IGF1R/AKT pathway and enhances the inhibitory efficacy of sorafenib in human HCC cell growth and survival in vitro, in a xenograft mouse model and in the c-Met/β-catenin-driven HCC mouse model. Conclusion: Our study provides a biochemical basis for evaluation of a new combination treatment that includes IGF1R inhibitors, such as ceritinib and sorafenib, in patients with HCC. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:732-746).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Thomas Bank
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Gregory Malnassy
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Maribel Arteaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Na Shang
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Annika Dalheim
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Xianzhong Ding
- Pathology Department, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Scott J. Cotler
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Mitchell F. Denning
- Pathology Department, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Michael I. Nishimura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Peter Breslin
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
- Department of Molecular/Cellular Physiology, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
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25
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Ferguson SD, Xiu J, Weathers SP, Zhou S, Kesari S, Weiss SE, Verhaak RG, Hohl RJ, Barger GR, Reddy SK, Heimberger AB. GBM-associated mutations and altered protein expression are more common in young patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69466-69478. [PMID: 27579614 PMCID: PMC5342491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Geriatric glioblastoma (GBM) patients have a poorer prognosis than younger patients, but IDH1/2 mutations (more common in younger patients) confer a favorable prognosis. We compared key GBM molecular alterations between an elderly (age ≥ 70) and younger (18 < = age < = 45) cohort to explore potential therapeutic opportunities. Results Alterations more prevalent in the young GBM cohort compared to the older cohort (P < 0.05) were: overexpression of ALK, RRM1, TUBB3 and mutation of ATRX, BRAF, IDH1, and TP53. However, PTEN mutation was significantly more frequent in older patients. Among patients with wild-type IDH1/2 status, TOPO1 expression was higher in younger patients, whereas MGMT methylation was more frequent in older patients. Within the molecularly-defined IDH wild-type GBM cohort, younger patients had significantly more mutations in PDGFRA, PTPN11, SMARCA4, BRAF and TP53. Methods GBMs from 178 elderly patients and 197 young patients were analyzed using DNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and MGMT-methylation assay to ascertain mutational and amplification/expressional status. Conclusions Significant molecular differences occurred in GBMs from elderly and young patients. Except for the older cohort's more frequent PTEN mutation and MGMT methylation, younger patients had a higher frequency of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherise D Ferguson
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | - Shiao-Pei Weathers
- Departments of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Departments of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology and Neurotherapeutics, Pacific Neuroscience Institute and John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | | | - Roeland G Verhaak
- Department of Genome Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Raymond J Hohl
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Geoffrey R Barger
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Amy B Heimberger
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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26
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Shi Y, Ping YF, Zhou W, He ZC, Chen C, Bian BSJ, Zhang L, Chen L, Lan X, Zhang XC, Zhou K, Liu Q, Long H, Fu TW, Zhang XN, Cao MF, Huang Z, Fang X, Wang X, Feng H, Yao XH, Yu SC, Cui YH, Zhang X, Rich JN, Bao S, Bian XW. Tumour-associated macrophages secrete pleiotrophin to promote PTPRZ1 signalling in glioblastoma stem cells for tumour growth. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15080. [PMID: 28569747 PMCID: PMC5461490 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense infiltration of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitates malignant growth of glioblastoma (GBM), but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Herein, we report that TAMs secrete abundant pleiotrophin (PTN) to stimulate glioma stem cells (GSCs) through its receptor PTPRZ1 thus promoting GBM malignant growth through PTN–PTPRZ1 paracrine signalling. PTN expression correlates with infiltration of CD11b+/CD163+ TAMs and poor prognosis of GBM patients. Co-implantation of M2-like macrophages (MLCs) promoted GSC-driven tumour growth, but silencing PTN expression in MLCs mitigated their pro-tumorigenic activity. The PTN receptor PTPRZ1 is preferentially expressed in GSCs and also predicts GBM poor prognosis. Disrupting PTPRZ1 abrogated GSC maintenance and tumorigenic potential. Moreover, blocking the PTN–PTPRZ1 signalling by shRNA or anti-PTPRZ1 antibody potently suppressed GBM tumour growth and prolonged animal survival. Our study uncovered a critical molecular crosstalk between TAMs and GSCs through the PTN–PTPRZ1 paracrine signalling to support GBM malignant growth, indicating that targeting this signalling axis may have therapeutic potential. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitate malignant growth of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, the authors show that TAMs support glioma stem cell renewal via paracrine signalling to the pleiotrophin receptor PTPRZ1 and that blocking this axis results in increased survival of tumour-bearing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Zhi-Cheng He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Bai-Shi-Jiao Bian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xun Lan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xian-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hua Long
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ti-Wei Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mian-Fu Cao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510095, China
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27
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Pacheco E, Llorente JL, López-Hernández A, García-Inclán C, Costales M, Potes Ares S, López F, Vivanco B, Hermsen MA. Absence of Chromosomal Translocations and Protein Expression of ALK in Sinonasal Adenocarcinomas. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Karagkounis G, Stranjalis G, Argyrakos T, Pantelaion V, Mastoris K, Rontogianni D, Komaitis S, Kalamatianos T, Sakas D, Tiniakos D. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression and gene alterations in glioblastoma: correlations with clinical outcome. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:593-599. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimsTo study anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein expression and possible underlying gene alterations in glioblastoma (GBM), correlating them with clinical outcome.MethodsWe studied ALK immunohistochemical expression and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH)-detected ALK gene alterations in 51 GBMs (46 isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1)R132H-negative and 5 IDH-mutant (IDH1R132H-positive)). We compared two anti-ALK antibodies and immunohistochemical detection systems (5Α4/Nichirei Biosciences, D5F3/Ventana). The results were correlated with tumour cell proliferation and clinical outcome.ResultsIntense granular cytoplasmic ALK immunostaining was observed in 10/51 (19.61%) GBM and correlated with high Ki67 proliferation index; only 1 in 10 ALK-positive cases displayed multiple alk gene signals by FISH. Moderate ALK immunostaining was observed in 21 (41.17%), weak immunostaining in 5 (9.80%) while 15 (29.42%) cases were negative. p53 was expressed in 26/51 GBM (50.9%) (10% cut-off). IDH1R132H-negative GBM showed higher ALK expression compared with IDH-mutant GBM (65.2% vs 20%). ALK overexpression was more common in older patients but did not correlate with other clinicopathological variables or patient overall survival.ConclusionsALK overexpression can be identified in up to 70% of GBMs and does not correlate with underlying alk gene amplification. Despite being more common in rapidly growing, clinically aggressive GBM, ALK overexpression did not show correlation with prognosis in this study.
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29
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Gonzales CB, De La Chapa JJ, Saikumar P, Singha PK, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Chavez J, Horning AM, Parra J, Kirma NB. Co-targeting ALK and EGFR parallel signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 59:12-19. [PMID: 27424178 PMCID: PMC5460536 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises 90% of all head and neck cancers and has a poor survival rate due to late-stage disease that is refractive to traditional therapies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over-expressed in greater than 80% of head and neck SCC (HNSCC). However, EGFR targeted therapies yielded little to no efficacy in clinical trials. This study investigated the efficacy of co-targeting EGFR and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) whose promoter is hypomethylated in late-stage oral SCC (OSCC). We observed increased ALK activity in late-stage human OSCC tumors and invasive OSCC cell lines. We also found that while ALK inhibition alone had little effect on proliferation, co-targeting ALK and EGFR significantly reduced OSCC cell proliferation in vitro. Further analysis showed significant efficacy of combined treatment in HSC3-derived xenografts resulting in a 30% decrease in tumor volumes by 14days (p<0.001). Western blot analysis showed that co-targeting ALK and EGFR significantly reduced EGFR phosphorylation (Y1148) in HSC3 cells but not Cal27 cells. ALK and EGFR downstream signaling interactions are also demonstrated by Western blot analysis in which lone EGFR and ALK inhibitors attenuated AKT activity whereas co-targeting ALK and EGFR completely abolished AKT activation. No effects were observed on ERK1/2 activation. STAT3 activity was significantly induced by lone ALK inhibition in HSC3 cells and to a lower extent in Cal27 cells. Together, these data illustrate that ALK inhibitors enhance anti-tumor activity of EGFR inhibitors in susceptible tumors that display increased ALK expression, most likely through abolition of AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara B Gonzales
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Comprehensive Dentistry, UTHSCSA Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffery Chavez
- Biochemistry, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Aaron M Horning
- Molecular Medicine, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jamie Parra
- Pathology, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nameer B Kirma
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Molecular Medicine, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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30
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Pacheco E, Llorente JL, López-Hernández A, García-Inclán C, Costales M, Potes Ares S, López F, Vivanco B, Hermsen MA. Absence of chromosomal translocations and protein expression of ALK in sinonasal adenocarcinomas. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2016; 68:9-14. [PMID: 27183864 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chromosomal translocations at 2p23 cause overexpression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in signalling pathways that regulate cell proliferation. This translocation occurs in 5% of lung adenocarcinoma and has been demonstrated to be useful as a therapeutic target for crizotinib. sinonasal adenocarcinomas (SNAC) are histologically similar to lung adenocarcinomas; the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of ALK alterations in SNAC. METHOD Break-apart fluorescent in-situ hybridization was used to analyse the presence of ALK translocations in 96 tumour samples. In addition, ALK protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The samples of SNAC did not show ALK translocation. Moreover, ALK protein expression was absent in all cases. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ALK is not involved in SNAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Pacheco
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - José Luis Llorente
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España.
| | - Alejandro López-Hernández
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - Cristina García-Inclán
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - María Costales
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - Sira Potes Ares
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - Fernando López
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - Mario A Hermsen
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
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31
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Bayliss R, Choi J, Fennell DA, Fry AM, Richards MW. Molecular mechanisms that underpin EML4-ALK driven cancers and their response to targeted drugs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1209-24. [PMID: 26755435 PMCID: PMC4761370 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A fusion between the EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like) and ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) genes was identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2007 and there has been rapid progress in applying this knowledge to the benefit of patients. However, we have a poor understanding of EML4 and ALK biology and there are many challenges to devising the optimal strategy for treating EML4-ALK NSCLC patients. In this review, we describe the biology of EML4 and ALK, explain the main features of EML4-ALK fusion proteins and outline the therapies that target EML4-ALK. In particular, we highlight the recent advances in our understanding of the structures of EML proteins, describe the molecular mechanisms of resistance to ALK inhibitors and assess current thinking about combinations of ALK drugs with inhibitors that target other kinases or Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bayliss
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE2 9HN, UK.
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Jene Choi
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43 gil, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dean A Fennell
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE3 9SQ, UK
| | - Andrew M Fry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE2 9HN, UK
| | - Mark W Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE2 9HN, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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32
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Small-molecule inhibition of PTPRZ reduces tumor growth in a rat model of glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20473. [PMID: 26857455 PMCID: PMC4746629 DOI: 10.1038/srep20473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type Z (PTPRZ) is aberrantly over-expressed in glioblastoma and a causative factor for its malignancy. However, small molecules that selectively inhibit the catalytic activity of PTPRZ have not been discovered. We herein performed an in vitro screening of a chemical library, and identified SCB4380 as the first potent inhibitor for PTPRZ. The stoichiometric binding of SCB4380 to the catalytic pocket was demonstrated by biochemical and mass spectrometric analyses. We determined the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of PTPRZ, and the structural basis of the binding of SCB4380 elucidated by a molecular docking method was validated by site-directed mutagenesis studies. The intracellular delivery of SCB4380 by liposome carriers inhibited PTPRZ activity in C6 glioblastoma cells, and thereby suppressed their migration and proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in a rat allograft model. Therefore, selective inhibition of PTPRZ represents a promising approach for glioma therapy.
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33
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Le Rhun E, Chamberlain MC, Zairi F, Delmaire C, Idbaih A, Renaud F, Maurage CA, Grégoire V. Patterns of response to crizotinib in recurrent glioblastoma according to ALK and MET molecular profile in two patients. CNS Oncol 2015; 4:381-6. [PMID: 26498130 DOI: 10.2217/cns.15.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter and IDH1 (R132H) wild-type recurrent glioblastoma were treated with crizotinib. Prolonged stabilization of the disease (17 months) was achieved in the first case. Interestingly, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression and c-MET protein overexpression was observed. Conversely, no response to crizotinib was obtained in the second case with MET protein overexpression and c-MET amplification but no ALK expression or ALK gene amplification. These case studies suggest that novel targeted ALK inhibitors may provide relevant clinical benefit in selected cases in which driver mutations are demonstrable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Le Rhun
- Neuro-Oncology, Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital - CHRU Lille, France.,Neurology, Medical Oncology Department, Oscar Lambret Center, Lille, France.,Inserm, U1192, Lille, France
| | - Marc C Chamberlain
- Neurology & Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Research Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Fahed Zairi
- Inserm, U1192, Lille, France.,Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital - CHRU Lille, France
| | | | - Ahmed Idbaih
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de neurologie 2-Mazarin; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75.,Inserm, U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Florence Renaud
- Neuropathology Department, University Hospital - CHRU Lille, France.,Lille University, Lille, France.,UMR-S, 1172 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claude Alain Maurage
- Neuropathology Department, University Hospital - CHRU Lille, France.,Lille University, Lille, France.,UMR-S, 1172 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Grégoire
- Neuropathology Department, University Hospital - CHRU Lille, France.,Lille University, Lille, France.,UMR-S, 1172 F-59000 Lille, France
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34
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Gao J, Wang H. Prokaryotic Expression, Refolding and Purification of High-Purity Mouse Midkine in Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:454-66. [PMID: 25813669 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the clinic safety of human Midkine as an articular protective agent, recombinant mouse Midkine (rmMK) was prepared in prokaryotic system for the pre-clinic long-term studies in mice. The open reading frame of mouse Midkine (mMK) was sub-cloned onto expression vector pET30a (+) and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain line. The rmMK protein, with a Met fused at N terminus of native mMK for expression initiating, proved to be expressed in inclusion bodies and turned out to be soluble post-denaturation and renaturation. The soluble rmMK was purified successfully with ion exchange and affinity chromatography and characterised good enough to meet the requirements for animal use. Eventually, 13.2-mg rmMK with high quality and bioactivity was obtained from 1 L LB culture, and the total recovery was 11.4%. The present work laid a good foundation for pilot- or large-scale production of rmMK in prokaryotic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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35
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Chhabra G, Eggert A, Puri N. Clinical Challenges to Current Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer. ARCHIVES IN CANCER RESEARCH 2015; 3. [PMID: 27280107 PMCID: PMC4894332 DOI: 10.21767/2254-6081.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is difficult to treat with a poor prognosis and a five year survival of 15%. Current molecularly targeted therapies are initially effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, they are plagued with difficulties including induced resistance and small therapeutically responsive populations. This mini review describes the mechanism of resistance to several molecularly targeted therapies which are currently being used to treat NSCLC. The major targets discussed are c-Met, EGFR, HER2, ALK, VEGFR, and BRAF. The first generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resulted in resistance; however, second and third generation TKIs are being developed, which are generally more efficacious and have potential to treat NSCLC patients with resistance to first generation TKIs. Combination therapies could also be effective in preventing TKI resistance in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashley Eggert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, USA
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36
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Ma J, Lang B, Wang X, Wang L, Dong Y, Hu H. Co-expression of midkine and pleiotrophin predicts poor survival in human glioma. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:1885-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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37
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Vansteenkiste JF. Ceritinib for treatment of ALK-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1925-39. [PMID: 24856155 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene plays a key role in the pathogenesis of selected tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC are initially sensitive to the ALK inhibitor crizotinib but eventually become resistant, limiting its therapeutic potential. Ceritinib is an oral second-generation ALK inhibitor with greater preclinical antitumor potency than crizotinib in ALK-positive NSCLC. A Phase I trial of ceritinib in ALK-positive tumors demonstrated good activity in patients with advanced NSCLC, including those who had progressed on crizotinib. Adverse events are similar to those seen with other ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors and are generally manageable. Ongoing trials are evaluating ceritinib in patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC treated with prior chemotherapy and/or crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan F Vansteenkiste
- University Hospital KU Leuven, Respiratory Oncology Unit (Pulmonology), Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
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Herradón G, Pérez-García C. Targeting midkine and pleiotrophin signalling pathways in addiction and neurodegenerative disorders: recent progress and perspectives. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:837-48. [PMID: 23889475 PMCID: PMC3925022 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine (MK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are two neurotrophic factors that are highly up-regulated in different brain regions after the administration of various drugs of abuse and in degenerative areas of the brain. A deficiency in both MK and PTN has been suggested to be an important genetic factor, which confers vulnerability to the development of the neurodegenerative disorders associated with drugs of abuse in humans. In this review, evidence demonstrating that MK and PTN limit the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and, potentially, prevent drug relapse is compiled. There is also convincing evidence that MK and PTN have neuroprotective effects against the neurotoxicity and development of neurodegenerative disorders induced by drugs of abuse. Exogenous administration of MK and/or PTN into the CNS by means of non-invasive methods is proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for addictive and neurodegenerative diseases. Identification of new molecular targets downstream of the MK and PTN signalling pathways or pharmacological modulation of those already known may also provide a more traditional, but probably effective, therapeutic strategy for treating addictive and neurodegenerative disorders. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Herradón
- Pharmacology lab Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San PabloBoadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Pérez-García
- Pharmacology lab Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San PabloBoadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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ALK: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a solid tumour that arises from the developing sympathetic nervous system. Over the past decade, our understanding of this disease has advanced tremendously. The future challenge is to apply the knowledge gained to developing risk-based therapies and, ultimately, improving outcome. In this Review we discuss the key discoveries in the developmental biology, molecular genetics and immunology of neuroblastoma, as well as new translational tools for bringing these promising scientific advances into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael A. Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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