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The Expression Pattern of Non-apoptotic Cell Death Pathway in Osteosarcoma: Necroptosis and Autophagy as Backup Mechanisms for Therapeutics Strategy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-117962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Among the primary bone tumors, osteosarcoma accounts for a malignant tumor with a high rate of progression and poor prognosis. Despite the achievement of combined therapy regimens in improving patients’ overall survival, patients with osteosarcoma confront the chemoresistance obstacle. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the expression pattern of autophagy and necroptosis pathways mediators in osteosarcoma tumors. Methods: The expression level of autophagy main mediators such as autophagy-associated protein 5 (ATG5), Beclin 1 (BECN1), and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), necroptosis biomarkers such as receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPK1 and RIPK3), and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) were evaluated in 80 bone tissues including 60 bone tumors (40 malignant tumors and 20 benign tumors) and 20 margin tissues, using real-time PCR. The correlations of gene expression levels with the patient’s clinical and pathological features were considered. Results: Based on our data, ATG5, BECN1 and LC3 expression were down-regulated in osteosarcoma tumors compared to margin tissues. Also, malignant osteosarcoma tumors showed a significant decrease in the expression level of RIPK1 and MLKL as necroptosis regulators, which revealed a correlation with tumor malignancy. In addition, the higher expression levels of BECN1, LC3, RIPK1, and MLKL were observed in tumor tissues of patients under the chemotherapy regimen, indicating the relevance of autophagy and necroptosis pathways with the patient’s response to therapy. Conclusions: Reduction in the expression level of autophagy and necroptosis mediators in high-grade osteosarcoma tumors indicates the possible impact of these pathways on the rate of proliferation and growth of osteosarcoma tumor cells and can emphasize the importance of cell death alternative pathways for treatment when apoptosis machinery is mutated and cause chemoresistance.
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Hu D, Zhang T, Yan Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Meng N, Tu B, Teng Y, Li Z, Lou X, Lei Y, Ren X, Zou Y, Wang F. Multimolecular characteristics of cell-death related hub genes in human cancers: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2444-2454. [PMID: 35848940 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of the normal process of cell death pathways contributes to the defection of immune systems and the occurrence of cancers. The key genes, the multimolecular mechanisms, and the immune functions of these genes in pan-cancers remain unclear. Using online databases of The Cancer Genome Atlas, GEPIA2, TISIDB, HPA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, PrognoScan, cBioPortal, GSCALite, TIMER, and Sangerbox, we identified the key genes from the six primary cell death-related pathways and performed a comprehensive analysis to investigate the multimolecular characteristics and immunological functions of the hub genes in 33 human cancers. We identified five hub genes in the six primary cell death-related pathways (JUN, NFKB1, CASP3, PARP1, and TP53). We found that CASP3, PARP1, and TP53 were overexpressed in 28, 23, and 27 cancers. The expression of the five genes was associated with the development and prognosis of many cancers. Particularly, JUN, NFKB1, CASP3, and TP53 have prognostic values in Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG), while PARP1 and CASP3 could predict the survival outcomes in Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). In addition, an extensive association between five genes' expression, DNA methylation, and tumor-immune system interactions was noticed. The five cell death-related hub genes could function as potential biomarkers for various cancers, particularly LGG and ACC. The immunological function analysis of the five genes also proposes new targets for developing immunosuppressants and improving the immunotherapy efficacy of cancers. However, further extensive clinical and experimental research are required to validate their clinical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingtao Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.,Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Ziye Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Nana Meng
- Department of Quality Management Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Bizhi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Ren
- Department of Social Management, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yanfeng Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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Garrido MM, Ribeiro RM, Krüger K, Pinheiro LC, Guimarães JT, Holdenrieder S. Relevance of Circulating Nucleosomes, HMGB1 and sRAGE for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. In Vivo 2021; 35:2207-2212. [PMID: 34182498 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Evasion from cell death occurs in prostate cancer (PCa). We verified whether serum levels of cell death markers can have diagnostic value in PCa. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 233 men scheduled for prostate biopsy [prostate specific antigen (PSA) level: 2-10 ng/ml] were enrolled. Serum nucleosomes, nucleosomes containing the H3 histone (H3), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) were analyzed by enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS There were no differences (p>0.05) in nucleosomes, H3, and sRAGE levels between patients with and without PCa or clinically significant PCa (csPCa). HMGB1 had lower levels in PCa patients (p=0.023) and was a predictor of PCa (p=0.047), but not of csPCa (p=0.180). CONCLUSION In patients with critical PSA levels between 2-10 ng/ml, HMGB1 had some diagnostic value for overall PCa detection, but it was not predictive of csPCa. Nucleosomes, H3 and sRAGE did not discriminate between PCa or csPCa and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M Garrido
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ruy M Ribeiro
- Biomathematics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kimberly Krüger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Munich Biomarker Research Center, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Luís C Pinheiro
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Urology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Munich Biomarker Research Center, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Regulated Necrotic Cell Death in Alternative Tumor Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122709. [PMID: 33348858 PMCID: PMC7767016 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of tumors requires the induction of cell death. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are administered to kill cancer cells; however, some cancer cells are resistant to these therapies. Therefore, effective treatments require various strategies for the induction of cell death. Regulated cell death (RCD) is systematically controlled by intracellular signaling proteins. Apoptosis and autophagy are types of RCD that are morphologically different from necrosis, while necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are morphologically similar to necrosis. Unlike necrosis, regulated necrotic cell death (RNCD) is caused by disruption of the plasma membrane under the control of specific proteins and induces tissue inflammation. Various types of RNCD, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been used as therapeutic strategies against various tumor types. In this review, the mechanisms of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are described in detail, and a potential effective treatment strategy to increase the anticancer effects on apoptosis- or autophagy-resistant tumor types through the induction of RNCD is suggested.
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Antitumor activity of spherical nanoparticles GdYVO4:Eu3+ depends on pre-incubation time. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Pennington Z, Goodwin ML, Westbroek EM, Cottrill E, Ahmed AK, Sciubba DM. Lactate and cancer: spinal metastases and potential therapeutic targets (part 2). ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:221. [PMID: 31297386 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic spine disease is a heterogeneous clinical condition commonly requiring surgical intervention. Despite this heterogeneity, all cases share the common theme of altered tumor metabolism, characterized by aerobic glycolysis and high lactate production. Here we review the existing literature on lactate metabolism as it pertains to tumor progression, metastasis, and the formation of painful bone lesions. We included articles from the English literature addressing the role of lactate metabolism in the following: (I) primary tumor aggressiveness, (II) local tissue invasion, (III) metastasis formation, and (IV) generation of oncologic pain. We also report current investigations into restoring normal lactate metabolism as a means of impeding tumor growth and the formation of bony metastases. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that high lactate levels may be necessary for tumor cell growth, as small molecules inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH5/LDHA) decrease both the rate of tumor growth and formation of metastases. Additionally, in vitro evidence strongly implicates lactate in tumor cell migration by driving the amoeboid movements of these cells. Acidification of the local bony tissue by excess lactate production activates CGRP+ neurons in the bone marrow and periosteum to generate oncologic bone pain. High lactate may also increase expression of acid sensing receptors in these neurons to generate the neuropathic pain seen in some patients with metastatic disease. Lastly, investigation into lactate-directed therapeutics is still early in development. Initial preclinical trials looking at LDH5/LDHA inhibitors as well as inhibitors of lactate transporters (MCT1) have demonstrated promise, but clinical work has been restricted to a single phase I trial. Lactate appears to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metastatic spine disease. Efforts are ongoing to identify small molecules inhibitors of targets in the lactogenic pathway capable of preventing the formation of osseous metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew L Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erick M Westbroek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Karim Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tham SY, Loh HS, Mai CW, Fu JY. Tocotrienols Modulate a Life or Death Decision in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E372. [PMID: 30654580 PMCID: PMC6359475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancy often arises from sophisticated defects in the intricate molecular mechanisms of cells, rendering a complicated molecular ground to effectively target cancers. Resistance toward cell death and enhancement of cell survival are the common adaptations in cancer due to its infinite proliferative capacity. Existing cancer treatment strategies that target a single molecular pathway or cancer hallmark fail to fully resolve the problem. Hence, multitargeted anticancer agents that can concurrently target cell death and survival pathways are seen as a promising alternative to treat cancer. Tocotrienols, a minor constituent of the vitamin E family that have previously been reported to induce various cell death mechanisms and target several key survival pathways, could be an effective anticancer agent. This review puts forward the potential application of tocotrienols as an anticancer treatment from a perspective of influencing the life or death decision of cancer cells. The cell death mechanisms elicited by tocotrienols, particularly apoptosis and autophagy, are highlighted. The influences of several cell survival signaling pathways in shaping cancer cell death, particularly NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Wnt, are also reviewed. This review may stimulate further mechanistic researches and foster clinical applications of tocotrienols via rational drug designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiau-Ying Tham
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hwei-San Loh
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Biotechnology Research Centre, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Ju-Yen Fu
- Nutrition Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Pandurangan AK, Divya T, Kumar K, Dineshbabu V, Velavan B, Sudhandiran G. Colorectal carcinogenesis: Insights into the cell death and signal transduction pathways: A review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:244-259. [PMID: 30254720 PMCID: PMC6147765 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i9.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) imposes a major health burden in developing countries. It is the third major cause of cancer deaths. Despite several treatment strategies, novel drugs are warranted to reduce the severity of this disease. Adenomatous polyps in the colon are the major culprits in CRC and found in 45% of cancers, especially in patients 60 years of age. Inflammatory polyps are currently gaining attention in CRC, and a growing body of evidence denotes the role of inflammation in CRC. Several experimental models are being employed to investigate CRC in animals, which include the APCmin/+ mouse model, Azoxymethane, Dimethyl hydrazine, and a combination of Dextran sodium sulphate and dimethyl hydrazine. During CRC progression, several signal transduction pathways are activated. Among the major signal transduction pathways are p53, Transforming growth factor beta, Wnt/β-catenin, Delta Notch, Hippo signalling, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathways. These signalling pathways collaborate with cell death mechanisms, which include apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy, to determine cell fate. Extensive research has been carried out in our laboratory to investigate these signal transduction and cell death mechanistic pathways in CRC. This review summarizes CRC pathogenesis and the related cell death and signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok kumar Pandurangan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
- School of Life sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Thomas Divya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Kalaivani Kumar
- School of Life sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Vadivel Dineshbabu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Bakthavatchalam Velavan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Ganapasam Sudhandiran
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
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Siena L, Cipollina C, Di Vincenzo S, Ferraro M, Bruno A, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Electrophilic derivatives of omega-3 fatty acids counteract lung cancer cell growth. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:705-716. [PMID: 29435611 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 17-oxo-DHA is an electrophilic keto-derivative of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) endogenously generated by cyclooxygenase-2 and a cellular dehydrogenase. 17-oxo-DHA displays anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions. DHA, alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy, displays antitumor activity. However, the effects of electrophilic keto-derivatives of DHA on cancer growth have never been evaluated. We investigated whether 17-oxo-DHA, alone or in combination with gemcitabine, displayed antitumor effects. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the enzyme 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) was required for transducing the antitumor effects of DHA. METHODS A panel of five histologically different human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines was used. Cells were treated with 17-oxo-DHA and gemcitabine, alone or in combination, and apoptosis, proliferation, Fas and FasL expression (mRNA and protein) and active caspase-3/7 and -8 were assessed. Furthermore, an inhibitor of 15-PGDH was used to test the involvement of this enzyme in mediating the antitumor effects of DHA. RESULTS 17-oxo-DHA (50 µM, 72 h) significantly reduced proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, Fas and FasL expression as well as active caspase-8 and -3/7. When 17-oxo-DHA was given in combination with gemcitabine, stronger effects were observed compared to gemcitabine alone. The enzyme 15-PGDH was required for DHA to promote its full anti-apoptotic effect suggesting that enzymatically generated keto-derivatives of DHA mediate its antitumor actions. CONCLUSIONS Data herein provided, demonstrate that 17-oxo-DHA displays antitumor effects in NSCLC cell lines. Of note, the combination of 17-oxo-DHA plus gemcitabine, resulted in stronger anticancer effects compared to gemcitabine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liboria Siena
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.,Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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