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Jiao H, Jiang W, Wang H, Zheng H, Yu H, Huang C. Soft coral-derived Aspernolide A suppressed non-small cell lung cancer induced osteolytic bone invasion via the c-Fos/NFATC1 signaling pathway. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:5996-6011. [PMID: 34795947 PMCID: PMC8575798 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background the incidence of distant metastases is over 30% in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In particular, bone is reported as the most common site of distant metastasis NSCLC. Bone metastases (BM) have a consequence of serious skeletal-related events (SREs) leading to the reduced overall survival (OS) and quality of life of NSCLC patients. Inhibition of osteolytic lesions and regulation crosstalk between metastatic NSCLC cells and bone microenvironment are the key to treating NSCLC. Due to the lack of effective treatments against NSCLC with bone metastasis, screening and identification of novel agents against both NSCLC and osteoclast effects are critically needed. Methods We assessed the effects of Aspernolide A (AA) on osteolysis and RANKL-induced pathways activation, bone resorption and F-actin ring formation in vitro. We evaluated AA effects on NCI-H460 and A549 cells in vitro through wound healing assay and transwell assay. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of AA in vivo using an intratibial xenograft NSCLC nude mouse model, followed by micro-computed tomography(micro-CT) and TRAcP staining. Results in our study, AA, a soft coral-derived agent, was shown to inhibit osteoclastogenesis via suppression of nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65, ERK, AKT and P38 phosphorylation, and then suppress the RANKL-induced c-Fos and NFATc1 activities in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Furthermore, AA reduced the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells through diminishing the expression of MMP9, MMP7, and N-cadherin proteins and upregulating E-cadherin expression in vitro, as well as inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, P38, and NF-κBp65. It was also demonstrated that administration of AA could help prevent NSCLC-induced bone destruction by attenuating NSCLC development and osteoclast activity in vivo. Conclusions collectively, these findings indicated that Aspernolide A is a potential candidate for NSCLC-induced osteolytic bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiao
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- NCO School of Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haobing Yu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiguo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Mbese Z, Aderibigbe BA. Bisphosphonate-Based Conjugates and Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Osteoporosis, Bone Cancer and Metastatic Bone Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6869. [PMID: 34206757 PMCID: PMC8268474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone cancer occurs in every type of cancer but is prevalent in lung, breast, and prostate cancers. These metastases can cause extensive morbidity, including a range of skeletal-related events, often painful and linked with substantial hospital resource usage. The treatment used is a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. However, anticancer drugs are still limited due to severe side effects, drug resistance, poor blood supply, and non-specific drug uptake, necessitating high toxic doses. Bisphosphonates are the main class of drugs utilized to inhibit metastatic bone cancer. It is also used for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. However, bisphosphonate also suffers from serious side effects. Thus, there is a serious need to develop bisphosphonate conjugates with promising therapeutic outcomes for treating metastatic bone cancer and osteoporosis. This review article focuses on the biological outcomes of designed bisphosphonate-based conjugates for the treatment of metastatic bone cancer and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, Alice Campus, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
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3
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Won AM, Boddu P, Otun AO, Aponte-Wesson R, Chambers M. Chronic myelogenous leukemia presenting with osteonecrosis of the jaw as a rare but debilitating toxicity of dasatinib: a case report and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:e208-e211. [PMID: 29941400 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a case of osteonecrosis of the jaw developing after a routine dental extraction in a patient being treated with dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for chronic myelogenous leukemia. As the role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment expands, patterns of debilitating complications involving the osseous structures of the oral cavity have begun to emerge, and many long-term side effects of this promising therapy remain unknown. To limit the occurrence of known complications, health care providers and patients must be aware of the potential for serious complications of dasatinib, and appropriate protocols should be in place before administration of this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Won
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Prajwal Boddu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adegbenga O Otun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Aponte-Wesson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Chambers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Müller WEG, Neufurth M, Wang S, Ackermann M, Muñoz-Espí R, Feng Q, Lu Q, Schröder HC, Wang X. Amorphous, Smart, and Bioinspired Polyphosphate Nano/Microparticles: A Biomaterial for Regeneration and Repair of Osteo-Articular Impairments In-Situ. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E427. [PMID: 29385104 PMCID: PMC5855649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using femur explants from mice as an in vitro model, we investigated the effect of the physiological polymer, inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), on differentiation of the cells of the bone marrow in their natural microenvironment into the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. In the form of amorphous Ca-polyP nano/microparticles, polyP retains its function to act as both an intra- and extracellular metabolic fuel and a stimulus eliciting morphogenetic signals. The method for synthesis of the nano/microparticles with the polyanionic polyP also allowed the fabrication of hybrid particles with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid, a drug used in therapy of bone metastases in cancer patients. The results revealed that the amorphous Ca-polyP particles promote the growth/viability of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of the bone marrow cells in rat femur explants, as revealed by an upregulation of the expression of the transcription factors SOX9 (differentiation towards osteoblasts) and RUNX2 (chondrocyte differentiation). In parallel to this bone anabolic effect, incubation of the femur explants with these particles significantly reduced the expression of the gene encoding the osteoclast bone-catabolic enzyme, cathepsin-K, while the expression of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase remained unaffected. The gene expression data were supported by the finding of an increased mineralization of the cells in the femur explants in response to the Ca-polyP particles. Finally, we show that the hybrid particles of polyP complexed with zoledronic acid exhibit both the cytotoxic effect of the bisphosphonate and the morphogenetic and mineralization inducing activity of polyP. Our results suggest that the Ca-polyP nano/microparticles are not only a promising scaffold material for repairing long bone osteo-articular damages but can also be applied, as a hybrid with zoledronic acid, as a drug delivery system for treatment of bone metastases. The polyP particles are highlighted as genuine, smart, bioinspired nano/micro biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 13, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Espí
- Institute of Materials Science (ICMUV), Universitat de València, C/Catedràtic José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980 València, Spain.
| | - Qingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qiang Lu
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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5
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Zhang Z, Pu F, Shao Z. The skeletal-related events of denosumab versus zoledronic acid in patients with bone metastases: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Bone Oncol 2017; 9:21-24. [PMID: 29123990 PMCID: PMC5671384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The meta-analysis was used to evaluate the skeletal-related events (SREs) and efficacy of denosumab versus zoledronic acid (ZA) in patients with bone metastases. Methods The data of this meta-analysis study were searched from PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science with Conference Proceedings, Elsevier and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases till August 2017. Two independent reviewers reviewed the reference lists of relevant articles. The fixed-effects model and random-effects model were used to summarize relative estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to the heterogeneity of the included studies. Results Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 4050 patients were identified in this meta-analysis study. The pooled analysis showed that denosumab could significantly reduce SREs, series SREs [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74–0.95, I2 = 0%, P = 0.008] in patients with bone metastases as compared with ZA. Similar results of spinal cord compression SRE and surgery to bone SRE were obtained with (OR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70–1.01, I2 = 0%, P = 0.07) and (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.78–1.08, I2 = 0%, P = 0.28) separately, radiation to bone SRE (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.46–1.10, I2 = 11%, P = 0.13) and pathological fracture SRE (OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.35–1.73, I2 = 25%, P = 0.54) showed similar results, there were no significant difference between denosumab and ZA in patients with bone metastases. Conclusion Denosumab was more effective than ZA in reducing the incidence of SRE in patients with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Kim HJ, Park J, Lee SK, Kim KR, Park KK, Chung WY. Loss of RUNX3 expression promotes cancer-associated bone destruction by regulating CCL5, CCL19 and CXCL11 in non-small cell lung cancer. J Pathol 2015; 237:520-31. [PMID: 26239696 PMCID: PMC4832375 DOI: 10.1002/path.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently metastasizes to bone, which is associated with significant morbidity and a dismal prognosis. RUNX3 functions as a tumour suppressor in lung cancer and loss of expression occurs more frequently in invasive lung adenocarcinoma than in pre‐invasive lesions. Here, we show that RUNX3 and RUNX3‐regulated chemokines are linked to NSCLC‐mediated bone resorption. Notably, the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio, an index of osteoclastogenic stimulation, was significantly increased in human osteoblastic cells treated with conditioned media derived from RUNX3‐knockdown NSCLC cells. We aimed to identify RUNX3‐regulated factors that modify the osteoblastic RANKL/OPG ratio and found that RUNX3 knockdown led to CCL5 up‐regulation and down‐regulation of CCL19 and CXCL11 in NSCLC cells. Tumour size was noticeably increased and more severe osteolytic lesions were induced in the calvaria and tibiae of mice that received RUNX3‐knockdown cells. In response to RUNX3 knockdown, serum and tissue levels of CCL5 increased, whereas CCL19 and CXCL11 decreased. Furthermore, CCL5 increased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner; however, CCL19 and CXCL11 did not show any significant effects. The RANKL/OPG ratio in osteoblastic cells was increased by CCL5 but reduced by CCL19 and CXCL11. CCL5 promoted osteoclast differentiation, but CCL19 and CXCL11 reduced osteoclastogenesis in RANKL‐treated bone marrow macrophages. These findings suggest that RUNX3 and related chemokines are useful markers for the prediction and/or treatment of NSCLC‐induced bone destruction. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Rim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Yoon Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Giri D, Ramakrishnan R, Hayden J, Brook L, Das U, Mughal MZ, Selby P, Dharmaraj P, Senniappan S. Denosumab Therapy for Refractory Hypercalcemia Secondary to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Skin in Epidermolysis Bullosa. World J Oncol 2015; 6:345-348. [PMID: 29147430 PMCID: PMC5649725 DOI: 10.14740/wjon907w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcemia secondary to malignancy is rare in children and the majority is caused by tumor-produced parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). We report a case of hypercalcemia refractory to bisphosphonate and corticosteroid therapy, but responsive to denosumab. A 17-year-old boy with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the left leg was referred with severe hypercalcemia (serum calcium, 4.2 mmol/L). The serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was 0.7 pmol/L (1.1 - 6.9 pmol/L). The hypercalcemia was initially managed with hyperhydration, prednisolone and pamidronate. Following two infusions of pamidronate (1 mg/kg/dose), serum calcium fell to 2.87 mmol/L. However the hypercalcemia relapsed within a week (serum calcium, 3.61 mmol/L) needing aggressive management with intravenous fluids, prednisolone and two further doses of pamidronate. The serum calcium fell to 2.58 mmol/L over the first 4 days, but rose to 3.39 mmol/L 3 days later. As the hypercalcemia was refractory to bisphosphonate treatment, a trial dose of subcutaneous denosumab (60 mg) was administered following which the calcium fell to 2.86 mmol/L within 24 h and normocalcemia was sustained 4 days later. We report a case of refractory hypercalcemia secondary to malignant SCC, which responded well to denosumab therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case of hypercalcemia of malignancy in an adolescent managed with denosumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Giri
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - Renuka Ramakrishnan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - James Hayden
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - Lynda Brook
- Department of Paediatric Palliative Care, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - Urmi Das
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - M Zulf Mughal
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Peter Selby
- Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M139WL, UK
| | - Poonam Dharmaraj
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK.,The authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Senthil Senniappan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK.,The authors contributed equally to this manuscript
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8
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Hirsh V. The treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in a new era of personalized medicine. Front Oncol 2015; 5:20. [PMID: 25692098 PMCID: PMC4315106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Hirsh
- Department of Medical Oncology, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada
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9
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Sun Y, Ai X, Shen S, Gu L, Lu S. Detection and correlation analysis of serum cytokines in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with bone and non-bone metastases. Patient Prefer Adherence 2015; 9:1165-9. [PMID: 26316721 PMCID: PMC4542409 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s86605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect and analyze 13 cytokines that may be related to bone metastasis in the serum of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with bone metastases and NSCLC patients with non-bone metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Luminex LiquiChip system was used to detect the concentration of 13 cytokines that may be related to bone metastasis in the serum of 30 NSCLC patients with bone metastases and 30 with non-bone metastases. RESULTS The concentration of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in the serum of NSCLC patients with bone metastases was obviously higher than in non-bone metastasis patients (P=0.014). The serum concentration of other cytokines showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups. The concentration of IGFBP-3 in the serum of the bone metastasis group was positively correlated to VEGF concentration (r=0.804, P=0.009) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) concentration (r=0.785, P=0.012), but had no correlation to other factors (P>0.05). No correlation was found between serum concentrations of cytokines in bone metastasis. Concentration of IGFBP-3 in the serum of bone metastasis patients was positively correlated to the presence or absence of pain at diagnosis (r=0.701, P=0.036) and performance status (PS) score (r=0.670, P=0.048), and correlated with the number of bone metastases, sex, age, pathological characteristics, T stage, and N stage (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest important clinical implications to detect the concentration of IGFBP-3 in the serum of lung cancer patients so as to evaluate the diagnosis and degree of bone metastasis. Concentration of IGFBP-3 in the serum of bone metastasis patients was positively correlated to concentration of VEGF and MCP-1, which may be highly relevant for the development of new treatments for bone metastasis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjia Sun
- Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinghao Ai
- Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengping Shen
- Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linping Gu
- Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Lu
- Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shun Lu, Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China, Email
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