1
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Xu Y, Benedikt J, Ye L. Hyaluronic Acid Interacting Molecules Mediated Crosstalk between Cancer Cells and Microenvironment from Primary Tumour to Distant Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1907. [PMID: 38791985 PMCID: PMC11119954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix, and its interactions with HA-interacting molecules (HAIMs) play a critical role in cancer development and disease progression. This review explores the multifaceted role of HAIMs in the context of cancer, focusing on their influence on disease progression by dissecting relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms in tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. Cancer progression can be profoundly affected by the interactions between HA and HAIMs. They modulate critical processes such as cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation. The TME serves as a dynamic platform in which HAIMs contribute to the formation of a unique niche. The resulting changes in HA composition profoundly influence the biophysical properties of the TME. These modifications in the TME, in conjunction with HAIMs, impact angiogenesis, immune cell recruitment, and immune evasion. Therefore, understanding the intricate interplay between HAIMs and HA within the cancer context is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting these interactions offers promising avenues for cancer treatment, as they hold the potential to disrupt critical aspects of disease progression and the TME. Further research in this field is imperative for advancing our knowledge and the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Xu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | | | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
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2
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Heydari M, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Moudi E. Mutant Allele of CD44 (rs8193C>T) and Pum2 Regulatory Element as A Prognosis Factor of Prostate Neoplasms: A Case-Control and In Silico Studies. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:723-731. [PMID: 36527344 PMCID: PMC9790067 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expression of CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) as a homing-associated cell adhesion molecule (HCAM), has proved to change most cancer cells. Aim of the study is the effect of mutant allele of CD44 (rs8193C>T) and Pum2 regulatory element as a prognosis factor of prostate neoplasms: a case-control and in silico studies in the Mazandaran province-Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a case-control study, CD44-rs8193C>T genotyping of the 420 prostate neoplasms (210 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and 210 prostate cancer patients) and 150 healthy samples are performed by the touchdown polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) method. The T mutant allele effects on the mRNA structure and cell pathways were also investigated in silico methods. RESULTS Our results showed that the increase of T mutant allele frequency was significantly associated with BPH compared with prostate cancer. Furthermore, results showed TT genotype was significantly associated with BPH [odds ratio (OR)=0.572 and P=0.015], and also influenced the CD44v6 transcript secondary structure, miRNA binding, and regulatory element-binding site for Pum2 protein. Attachment of Pum2 to standard CD44 transcript may lead to transcript isoform-switching and shift-expression to a variety of CD44 isoforms, which can trigger some of the cell signaling pathways, such as Nanog-Stat, PKC-Nanog, and PKC-Twist. CONCLUSION Based on this, the presence of the T mutant allele of CD44 (rs8193C>T) in the populations may create a regulatory element-binding site for Pum2. So, it could be known as a prognosis factor and prediction of prostate neoplasms. However, more comprehensive studies in different populations (with various ethnicities and large population sizes), and also CD44v6 gene expression studies in protein and transcript levels are required to confirm our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadkazem Heydari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran,P.O.Box: 47416-95447Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of MazandaranBabolsarIran
| | - Emadoddin Moudi
- Department of Urology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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3
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Nibhondhratana P, Watcharadetwittaya S, Sa-ngiamwibool P. CD44v6 Expression in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Clinicopathological Correlation and Prognosis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Strillacci A, Sansone P, Rajasekhar VK, Turkekul M, Boyko V, Meng F, Houck-Loomis B, Brown D, Berger MF, Hendrickson RC, Chang Q, de Stanchina E, Pareja F, Reis-Filho JS, Rajappachetty RS, Del Priore I, Liu B, Cai Y, Penson A, Mastroleo C, Berishaj M, Borsetti F, Spisni E, Lyden D, Chandarlapaty S, Bromberg J. ERα-LBD, an isoform of estrogen receptor alpha, promotes breast cancer proliferation and endocrine resistance. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:96. [PMID: 35999225 PMCID: PMC9399095 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) drives mammary gland development and breast cancer (BC) growth through an evolutionarily conserved linkage of DNA binding and hormone activation functions. Therapeutic targeting of the hormone binding pocket is a widely utilized and successful strategy for breast cancer prevention and treatment. However, resistance to this endocrine therapy is frequently encountered and may occur through bypass or reactivation of ER-regulated transcriptional programs. We now identify the induction of an ERα isoform, ERα-LBD, that is encoded by an alternative ESR1 transcript and lacks the activation function and DNA binding domains. Despite lacking the transcriptional activity, ERα-LBD is found to promote breast cancer growth and resistance to the ERα antagonist fulvestrant. ERα-LBD is predominantly localized to the cytoplasm and mitochondria of BC cells and leads to enhanced glycolysis, respiration and stem-like features. Intriguingly, ERα-LBD expression and function does not appear to be restricted to cancers that express full length ERα but also promotes growth of triple-negative breast cancers and ERα-LBD transcript (ESR1-LBD) is also present in BC samples from both ERα(+) and ERα(-) human tumors. These findings point to ERα-LBD as a potential mediator of breast cancer progression and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Strillacci
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sansone
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mesruh Turkekul
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vitaly Boyko
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanli Meng
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Houck-Loomis
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Brown
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald C Hendrickson
- Microchemistry and Proteomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fresia Pareja
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramya Segu Rajappachetty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabella Del Priore
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanyan Cai
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Penson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Mastroleo
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marjan Berishaj
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Borsetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Role of CD44 isoforms in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:391-406. [PMID: 35023031 PMCID: PMC10042269 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity lies at the core of cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer are concepts that represent a cancer cell's ability to coopt and adapt normal developmental programs to promote survival and expansion. The cancer stem cell model states that a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties are responsible for driving tumorigenesis and metastasis while remaining especially resistant to common chemotherapeutic drugs. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity describes a cancer cell's ability to transition between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes which drives invasion and metastasis. Recent research supports the existence of stable epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid phenotypes which represent highly plastic states with cancer stem cell characteristics. The cell adhesion molecule CD44 is a widely accepted marker for cancer stem cells, and it lies at a functional intersection between signaling networks regulating both stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. CD44 expression is complex, with alternative splicing producing many isoforms. Interestingly, not only does the pattern of isoform expression change during transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes in cancer, but these isoforms have distinct effects on cell behavior including the promotion of metastasis and stemness. The role of CD44 both downstream and upstream of signaling pathways regulating epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and stemness make this protein a valuable target for further research and therapeutic intervention.
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6
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The molecular underpinning of geminin-overexpressing triple-negative breast cancer cells homing specifically to lungs. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:304-325. [PMID: 33723406 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCs) display lung metastasis tropism. However, the mechanisms underlying this organ-specific pattern remains to be elucidated. We sought to evaluate the utility of blocking extravasation to prevent lung metastasis. To identify potential geminin overexpression-controlled genetic drivers that promote TNBC tumor homing to lungs, we used the differential/suppression subtractive chain (D/SSC) technique. A geminin overexpression-induced lung metastasis gene signature consists of 24 genes was discovered. We validated overexpression of five of these genes (LGR5, HAS2, CDH11, NCAM2, and DSC2) in worsening lung metastasis-free survival in TNBC patients. Our data demonstrate that LGR5-induced β-catenin signaling and stemness in TNBC cells are geminin-overexpression dependent. They also demonstrate for the first-time expression of RSPO2 in mouse lung tissue only and exacerbation of its secretion in the circulation of mice that develop geminin overexpressing/LGR5+-TNBC lung metastasis. We identified a novel extravasation receptor complex, consists of CDH11, CD44v6, c-Met, and AXL on geminin overexpressing/LGR5+-TNBC lung metastatic precursors, inhibition of any of its receptors prevented geminin overexpressing/LGR5+-TNBC lung metastasis. Overall, we propose that geminin overexpression in normal mammary epithelial (HME) cells promotes the generation of TNBC metastatic precursors that home specifically to lungs by upregulating LGR5 expression and promoting stemness, intravasation, and extravasation in these precursors. Circulating levels of RSPO2 and OPN can be diagnostic biomarkers to improve risk stratification of metastatic TNBC to lungs, as well as identifying patients who may benefit from therapy targeting geminin alone or in combination with any member of the newly discovered extravasation receptor complex to minimize TNBC lung metastasis.
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7
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Chaudhry GES, Akim A, Naveed Zafar M, Safdar N, Sung YY, Muhammad TST. Understanding Hyaluronan Receptor (CD44) Interaction, HA-CD44 Activated Potential Targets in Cancer Therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 11:426-438. [PMID: 34513617 PMCID: PMC8421618 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex mechanism involving a series of cellular events. The glycoproteins such as hyaluronan (HA) are a significant element of extracellular matrix (ECM), involve in the onset of cancer developmental process. The pivotal roles of HA in cancer progression depend on dysregulated expression in various cancer. HA, also gain attention due to consideration as a primary ligand of CD44 receptor. The CD44, complex transmembrane receptor protein, due to alternative splicing in the transcription process, various CD44 isoforms predominantly exist. The overexpression of distinct CD44 isoforms (CD44v) standard (CD44s) depends on the tumour type and stage. The receptor proteins, CD44 engage in a variety of biological processes, including cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis. HA-CD44 interaction trigger survival pathways that result in cell proliferation, invasion ultimately complex metastasis. The interaction and binding of ligand-receptor HA-CD44 regulate the downstream cytoskeleton pathways involve in cell survival or cell death. Thus, targeting HA, CD44 (variant and standard) isoform, and HA-CD44 binding consider as an attractive and useful approach towards cancer therapeutics. The use of various inhibitors of HA, hyaluronidases (HYALs), and utilizing targeted Nano-delivery of anticancer agents and antibodies against CD44, peptides gives promising results in vitro and in vivo. However, they are in clinical trials with favourable and unfavourable outcomes, which reflects the need for various modifications in targeting agents and a better understanding of potential targets in tumour progression pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdah Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Naila Safdar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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8
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Kim H, Woo J, Dan K, Lee KM, Jin MS, Park IA, Ryu HS, Han D. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Knockdown of CD44 Promotes Proliferation and Migration in Claudin-Low MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T Breast Cancer Cell Lines. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3720-3733. [PMID: 34075748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that can regulate the oncogenic process. This is known to be a marker of the claudin-low subtype of breast cancer, as well as a cancer stem cell marker. However, its functional regulatory roles are poorly understood in claudin-low breast cancer. To gain comprehensive insight into the function of CD44, we performed an in-depth tandem mass tag-based proteomic analysis of two claudin-low breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T) transfected with CD44 siRNA. As a result, we observed that 2736 proteins were upregulated and 2172 proteins were downregulated in CD44-knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells. For Hs 578T CD44-knockdown cells, 412 proteins were upregulated and 443 were downregulated. Gene ontology and network analyses demonstrated that the suppression of this marker mediates significant functional alterations related to oncogenic cellular processes, including proliferation, metabolism, adhesion, and gene expression regulation. A functional study confirmed that CD44 knockdown inhibited proliferation by regulating the expression of genes related to cell cycle, translation, and transcription. Moreover, this promoted the expression of multiple cell adhesion-associated proteins and attenuated cancer cell migration. Finally, our proteomic study defines the landscape of the CD44-regulated proteome of claudin-low breast cancer cells, revealing changes that mediate cell proliferation and migration. Our proteomics data set has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE repository with the data set identifier PXD015171.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Jongmin Woo
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kisoon Dan
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min-Sun Jin
- Department of Pathology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14647, Korea
| | - In Ae Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
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9
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Guo Q, Liu Y, He Y, Du Y, Zhang G, Yang C, Gao F. CD44 activation state regulated by the CD44v10 isoform determines breast cancer proliferation. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:7. [PMID: 33649828 PMCID: PMC7876991 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface glycoprotein CD44 displays different active statuses; however, it remains unknown whether the activation process of CD44 is critical for tumor development and progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether breast cancer (BCa) cells with different activation states of CD44 show similar or distinct functional characteristics and to further examine the mechanisms regulating CD44 activities. A feature for the ‘activated’ state of CD44 is that it can bind to its principal ligand hyaluronan (HA). The binding of CD44 with HA is usually influenced by CD44 alternative splicing, resulting in multiple CD44 isoforms that determine CD44 activities. Flow cytometry was used to sort BCa cell subsets based on CD44-HA binding abilities (HA−/low vs. HAhigh). Subsequently, cell proliferation and colony formation assays were performed in vitro, and CD44 expression patterns were analyzed via western blotting. The results demonstrated that the CD44 variant isoform 10 (CD44v10) was highly expressed in a HA−/low binding subset of BCa cells, which exhibited a significantly higher proliferation capacity compared with the HAhigh binding subpopulation. Knockdown of CD44v10 isoform in HA−/low binding subpopulation induced an increase in HA binding ability and markedly inhibited proliferation. Furthermore, the mechanistic analysis identified that CD44v10 facilitated cell proliferation via activation of ERK/p38 MAPK and AKT/mTOR signaling. Moreover, the knockdown of CD44v10 expression downregulated the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT and mTOR, while no alteration was observed in p38 phosphorylation. Collectively, the present study identified a subset of fast-growing BCa cells characterized by CD44v10 expression, which may serve as a specific therapeutic target for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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10
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Oh J, Liu Y, Choi N, Ha J, Pradella D, Ghigna C, Zheng X, Shen H. Opposite Roles of Tra2β and SRSF9 in the v10 Exon Splicing of CD44. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113195. [PMID: 33143085 PMCID: PMC7692347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Several CD44 protein isoforms are generated in human through alternative splicing regulation of nine variable exons encoding for the extracellular juxta-membrane region. While the CD44 splicing variants have been described to be involved in cancer progression and development, the regulatory mechanism(s) underlying their production remain unclear. Here, we identify Tra2β and SRSF9 as proteins with opposite roles in regulating CD44 exon v10 splicing. While Tra2β promotes v10 inclusion, SRSF9 inhibits its inclusion. Mechanistically, we found that both proteins are able to target v10 exon, with GAAGAAG sequence being the binding site for Tra2β and AAGAC that for SRSF9. Collectively, our data add a novel layer of complexity to the sequential series of events involved in the regulation of CD44 splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagyeong Oh
- School of life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; (J.O.); (Y.L.); (N.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Yongchao Liu
- School of life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; (J.O.); (Y.L.); (N.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Namjeong Choi
- School of life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; (J.O.); (Y.L.); (N.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- School of life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; (J.O.); (Y.L.); (N.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Davide Pradella
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Claudia Ghigna
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Xuexiu Zheng
- School of life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; (J.O.); (Y.L.); (N.C.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +82-62-715-2520 (X.Z.); +82-62-715-2507 (H.S.); Fax: +82-62-715-2484 (X.Z.); +82-62-715-2484 (H.S.)
| | - Haihong Shen
- School of life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; (J.O.); (Y.L.); (N.C.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +82-62-715-2520 (X.Z.); +82-62-715-2507 (H.S.); Fax: +82-62-715-2484 (X.Z.); +82-62-715-2484 (H.S.)
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11
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Lorusso G, Rüegg C, Kuonen F. Targeting the Extra-Cellular Matrix-Tumor Cell Crosstalk for Anti-Cancer Therapy: Emerging Alternatives to Integrin Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1231. [PMID: 32793493 PMCID: PMC7387567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network composed of a multitude of different macromolecules. ECM components typically provide a supportive structure to the tissue and engender positional information and crosstalk with neighboring cells in a dynamic reciprocal manner, thereby regulating tissue development and homeostasis. During tumor progression, tumor cells commonly modify and hijack the surrounding ECM to sustain anchorage-dependent growth and survival, guide migration, store pro-tumorigenic cell-derived molecules and present them to enhance receptor activation. Thereby, ECM potentially supports tumor progression at various steps from initiation, to local growth, invasion, and systemic dissemination and ECM-tumor cells interactions have long been considered promising targets for cancer therapy. Integrins represent key surface receptors for the tumor cell to sense and interact with the ECM. Yet, attempts to therapeutically impinge on these interactions using integrin inhibitors have failed to deliver anticipated results, and integrin inhibitors are still missing in the emerging arsenal of drugs for targeted therapies. This paradox situation should urge the field to reconsider the role of integrins in cancer and their targeting, but also to envisage alternative strategies. Here, we review the therapeutic targets implicated in tumor cell adhesion to the ECM, whose inhibitors are currently in clinical trials and may offer alternatives to integrin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girieca Lorusso
- Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - François Kuonen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Xiao GQ, Nguyen E, Unger PD, Sherrod AE. Comparative expression of immunohistochemical biomarkers in cribriform and pattern 4 non-cribriform prostatic adenocarcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Hu S, Cao M, He Y, Zhang G, Liu Y, Du Y, Yang C, Gao F. CD44v6 Targeted by miR-193b-5p in the Coding Region Modulates the Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:260-271. [PMID: 31892992 PMCID: PMC6930394 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that CD44 containing variant exon v6 (CD44v6) is highly expressed in many cancers and is related to tumor metastasis. However, the detailed mechanism of the regulatory pattern of CD44v6 in breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we found that CD44v6 was significantly upregulated in invasive breast cancer cell lines compared with low-invasive breast cancer cell lines. Cell migration and invasion could be suppressed by CD44v6 downregulation. MiRWalk and RNAhybrid software revealed miR-193b-5p as a miRNA targeting CD44v6 by binding to the exon v6 region. We found that the overexpression of miR-193b-5p inhibited the migration and invasion of Hs-578t and BT-549 cells, which could be rescued by restoring the expression of CD44v6. Next, we determined the potential of miR-193b-5p as an in vitro biomarker for breast cancer. Serum samples were obtained from 58 breast cancer patients, 36 patients with benign disease and 58 age-matched cancer-free controls. The results showed that the expression of miR-193b-5p in the serum was significantly lower in breast cancer patients than in controls and could distinguish cancer from cancer-free samples. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for miR-193b-5p was 0.762(95% confidence interval: 0.674-0.851), which was higher than that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3). Combining miR-193b-5p with CEA or CA15-3 could improve the diagnostic efficiency compared with the CEA and CA15-3 combination. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-193b-5p could function as a tumor-suppressive miRNA by targeting CD44v6 in breast cancer and that serum miR-193b-5p may serve as a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Manlin Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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14
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Tseng CC, Stanciauskas R, Zhang P, Woo D, Wu K, Kelly K, Gill PS, Yu M, Pinaud F, Lee AS. GRP78 regulates CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900377. [PMID: 31416894 PMCID: PMC6696983 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GRP78 conducts protein folding and quality control in the ER and shows elevated expression and cell surface translocation in advanced tumors. However, the underlying mechanisms enabling GRP78 to exert novel signaling functions at cell surface are just emerging. CD44 is a transmembrane protein and an important regulator of cancer metastasis, and isoform switch of CD44 through incorporating additional variable exons to the extracellular juxtamembrane region is frequently observed during cancer progression. Using super-resolution dual-color single-particle tracking, we report that GRP78 interacts with CD44v in plasma membrane nanodomains of breast cancer cells. We further show that targeting cell surface GRP78 by the antibodies can effectively reduce cell surface expression of CD44v and cell spreading of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Our results uncover new functions of GRP78 as an interacting partner of CD44v and as a regulator of CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading. This study also provides new insights into anti-CD44 therapy in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramunas Stanciauskas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Woo
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaijin Wu
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parkash S Gill
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Yu
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabien Pinaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Tseng CC, Zhang P, Lee AS. The COOH-Terminal Proline-Rich Region of GRP78 Is a Key Regulator of Its Cell Surface Expression and Viability of Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2019; 21:837-848. [PMID: 31306849 PMCID: PMC6629921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to plasma membrane represents a paradigm shift beyond its traditional function as an ER chaperone protein. Cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) exerts novel signaling functions, and mechanisms underlying its cell surface expression are just emerging. Acquired tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer cells is accompanied with elevated level of csGRP78. Therefore, the tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells (MCF7-LR) represents a clinically relevant model to study mechanisms of csGRP78 expression. We discovered that a proline-rich region (PRR) containing three consecutive prolines close to the COOH-terminus of GRP78 is important for its ability to form a complex with the partner protein, CD44v, as demonstrated by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Proline to alanine mutations at the PRR compromised GRP78 expression level on the cell surface as evidenced by purification of biotinylated cell surface proteins. Reconstitution of MCF7-LR cells with the PRR mutant after knockdown of endogenous GRP78 diminished the capacity of GRP78 to stimulate STAT3 activation. The enforced expression of a short peptide bearing the PRR region of GRP78 led to reduction of CD44v and Cyclin D1 protein levels as well as cell viability, accompanied with increase in apoptotic signaling including cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP. These findings suggest that the COOH-terminal PRR of GRP78 is critical for its interaction with CD44v as well as its cell surface expression, and enforced expression of the short peptide bearing the PRR region may provide a new approach to lower the viability of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
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16
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Chen DD, Ji JA, Yan HC, Huang GH, Fang XJ. Effect of CD44st and HER2 expression on the postoperative prognosis of breast cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:577-585. [PMID: 30697055 PMCID: PMC6339464 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective CD44st is a member of the CD44 family; abnormal expression of some CD44 isoforms are closely associated with axillary lymph node metastasis, cancer progression, and patients’ prognosis. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between the expression of CD44st and HER2 in breast cancer and the effect on patients’ prognosis. Methods Primers were designed to target the CD44st mRNA (Gene Bank No FJ216964) which has been newly identified in a drug-resistant breast cancer cell line. The expression of CD44st and HER2 mRNA and proteins in cancerous and paracancerous tissue of postoperative breast cancer patients was detected and compared. Tissue samples were obtained from 102 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, 19 cases of intraductal carcinoma, and 11 cases of medullary carcinoma. The correlation between CD44st and HER2 expression and clinical pathological features was examined. Results The expression rate of CD44st mRNA and protein in breast cancer tissue was 64.4% (85/132), while HER2 mRNA and protein was expressed in 22.0% (29/106) of the samples. The expression of CD44st and HER2 were low in paracancerous tissue. In breast cancer tissue, the expression rate of HER2 mRNA and protein in the CD44st-positive group was 28.2% (24/85), and 10.6% (5/47) in the CD44st-negative group. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.015). Sequencing analysis showed that the amplified CD44st gene in this study was the same as that which was previously discovered in the drug-resistant breast cancer cell line. A linear correlation was found between the expression of CD44st and HER2 (r=0.972, r2=0.945, F=2,213.51, P<0.001). The expression of CD44st and HER2 was also closely associated with luminal cancer subtypes, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P<0.05), but not associated with age, pathological type, or tumor size (P>0.05). The median overall survival in the CD44st high-expression group was 51.85 months (95% CI: 48.48–55.22), which was significantly shorter than that in the CD44st low-expression group (57.61 months; 95% CI: 55.54–59.68, P=0.032). Conclusion CD44st is closely related to the expression of HER2. The expression of CD44st affects patient prognosis and is associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and molecular subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China, ;
| | - Jun An Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Gan Yu District Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Hai Cui Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China, ;
| | - Guan Hong Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China, ;
| | - Xin Jian Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China, ;
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17
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Ying Zhi L, Xu Z, Ning L, Jia Jin L, Hai Cui Y, Hong HG, Fang XJ. A correlation study of the expression of HA-CD44st and HER-2 in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5677-5688. [PMID: 30254460 PMCID: PMC6141113 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s160531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA)-CD44st on the invasive ability of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and the correlation between the expression of CD44st and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) in postoperative breast cancer patients. Materials and methods MCF-7 cells transfected with the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-CD44st (MCF/CD44st) were used to examine the effect of the activation of the HA-CD44st-transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway on the invasive ability of MCF-7 cells. The expression of proteins related to this signaling pathway was assessed by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting, and the role of AP-1 in the pathway was investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The effect of pathway activation on the invasion of MCF-7 cells was assessed by Transwell assay, and CD44 expression in breast cancer tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of CD44st and HER-2 in breast cancer tissue and their correlation was investigated. Results HA significantly upregulated HER-2 and TGFβ in MCF-7/CD44st cells, increased p-AKT expression and AP-1 activity, and promoted the invasive ability of tumor cells. CD44st mRNA expression had significant difference between breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05), and high expression of CD44st mRNA was closely correlated with HER-2 expression in breast cancer tissues. Conclusion Binding of HA to the CD44st receptor may regulate the invasiveness of MCF-7 cells through the CD44st/TGFβ/PI3K/AP-1 signaling pathway with increased expression of TGFβ and HER-2. The expression of CD44st mRNA is correlated with HER-2 expression in postoperative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ying Zhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhang Xu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 2012013, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ning
- Department of Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jia Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Information Center, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hai Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Huang Guan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xin Jian Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ;
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18
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The biology and role of CD44 in cancer progression: therapeutic implications. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:64. [PMID: 29747682 PMCID: PMC5946470 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44, a non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein, is overexpressed in several cell types including cancer stem cells and frequently shows alternative spliced variants that are thought to play a role in cancer development and progression. Hyaluronan, the main ligand for CD44, binds to and activates CD44 resulting in activation of cell signaling pathways that induces cell proliferation, increases cell survival, modulates cytoskeletal changes, and enhances cellular motility. The different functional roles of CD44 standard (CD44s) and specific CD44 variant (CD44v) isoforms are not fully understood. CD44v contain additional peptide motifs that can interact with and sequester growth factors and cytokines at the cell surface thereby functioning as coreceptors to facilitate cell signaling. Moreover, CD44v were expressed in metastasized tumors, whereas switching between CD44v and CD44s may play a role in regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in the adaptive plasticity of cancer cells. Here, we review current data on the structural and functional properties of CD44, the known roles for CD44 in tumorigencity, the regulation of CD44 expression, and the potential for targeting CD44 for cancer therapy.
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Preclinical evaluation of a novel engineered recombinant human anti-CD44v6 antibody for potential use in radio-immunotherapy. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1875-1885. [PMID: 29658563 PMCID: PMC5919712 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44v6 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, rendering it a promising target for radio-immunotherapy (RIT). In this study, we have characterized a novel engineered recombinant monoclonal anti-CD44v6 antibody, AbN44v6, and assessed its potential for use in RIT using either 177Lu or 131I as therapeutic radionuclides. In vitro affinity and specificity assays characterized the binding of the antibody labeled with 177Lu, 125I or 131I. The therapeutic effects of 177Lu-AbN44v6 and 131I-AbN44v6 were investigated using two in vitro 3D tumor models with different CD44v6 expression. Finally, the normal tissue biodistribution and dosimetry for 177Lu-AbN44v6 and 125I-AbN44v6/131I-AbN44v6 were assessed in vivo using a mouse model. All AbN44v6 radioconjugates demonstrated CD44v6-specific binding in vitro. In the in vitro 3D tumor models, dose-dependent therapeutic effects were observed with both 177Lu-AbN44v6 and 131I-AbN44v6, with a greater significant therapeutic effect observed on the cells with a higher CD44v6 expression. Biodistribution experiments demonstrated a greater uptake of 177Lu-AbN44v6 in the liver, spleen and bone, compared to 125I-AbN44v6, whereas 125I-AbN44v6 demonstrated a longer circulation time. In dosimetric calculations, the critical organs for 177Lu-AbN44v6 were the liver and spleen, whereas the kidneys and red marrow were considered the critical organs for 131I-AbN44v6. The effective dose was in the order of 0.1 mSv/MBq for both labels. In conclusion, AbN44v6 bound specifically and with high affinity to CD44v6. Furthermore, in vitro RIT demonstrated growth inhibition in a CD44v6-specific activity-dependent manner for both radioconjugates, demonstrating that both 177Lu-AbN44v6 and 131I-AbN44v6 may be promising RIT candidates. Furthermore, biodistribution and dosimetric analysis supported the applicability of both conjugates for RIT. The CD44v6-specific therapeutic effects observed with radiolabeled AbN44v6 in the 3D tumor models in vitro, combined with the beneficial dosimetry in vivo, render AbN44v6 a potential candidate for RIT.
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Yu Y, Wang Z, Sun D, Zhou X, Wei X, Hou W, Ding Y, Ma Y, Hou Y. miR-671 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation by targeting tumor suppressor SOX6. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 823:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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