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Familiari P, Relucenti M, Lapolla P, Palmieri M, Antonelli M, Cristiano L, Barbaranelli C, Catalano M, D'Angelo L, Familiari G, Santoro A, Frati A, Bruzzaniti P. Adult IDH Wild-Type Glioblastoma Ultrastructural Investigation Suggests a Possible Correlation between Morphological Biomarkers and Ki-67 Index. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1968. [PMID: 37509607 PMCID: PMC10377045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor with an average life expectancy between 14 and 16 months after diagnosis. The Ki-67 labeling index (LI), a measure of cellular proliferation, is emerging as a prognostic marker in GBM. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure of glioblastoma tissue from 9 patients with the same molecular profile (adult IDH wild-type glioblastoma, wild-type ATRX, and positive for TP53 expression, GFAP expression, and EGFR overexpression) to find possible ultrastructural features to be used as biomarkers and correlated with the only parameter that differs among our samples, the Ki-67 LI. Our main results were the visualization of the anatomical basis of astrocyte-endothelial cells crosstalk; the ultrastructural in situ imaging of clusters of hyperactivated microglia cells (MsEVs); the ultrastructural in situ imaging of microglia cells storing lipid vesicles (MsLVs); the ultrastructural in situ imaging of neoplastic cells mitophagy (NCsM). The statistical analysis of our data indicated that MsEVs and MsLVs correlate with the Ki-67 LI value. We can thus assume they are good candidates to be considered morphological biomarkers correlating to Ki-67 LI. The role of NCsM instead must be further evaluated. Our study findings demonstrate that by combining ultrastructural characteristics with molecular information, we can discover biomarkers that have the potential to enhance diagnostic precision, aid in treatment decision-making, identify targets for therapy, and enable personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient. However, further research with larger sample sizes is needed to validate these findings and fully utilize the potential of ultrastructural analysis in managing glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Familiari
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Lapolla
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mauro Palmieri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca D'Angelo
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Placido Bruzzaniti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy
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2
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Wells M, Steiner L. Epigenetic and Transcriptional Control of Erythropoiesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:805265. [PMID: 35330735 PMCID: PMC8940284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.805265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a process of enormous magnitude, with the average person generating two to three million red cells every second. Erythroid progenitors start as large cells with large nuclei, and over the course of three to four cell divisions they undergo a dramatic decrease in cell size accompanied by profound nuclear condensation, which culminates in enucleation. As maturing erythroblasts are undergoing these dramatic phenotypic changes, they accumulate hemoglobin and express high levels of other erythroid-specific genes, while silencing much of the non-erythroid transcriptome. These phenotypic and gene expression changes are associated with distinct changes in the chromatin landscape, and require close coordination between transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, as well as precise regulation of RNA polymerase II activity. Disruption of these processes are associated with inherited anemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. Here, we review the epigenetic mechanisms that govern terminal erythroid maturation, and their role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Wells
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Laurie Steiner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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3
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Shahbazi Z, Rostami G, Hamid M. New heritable ATRX mutation identified by whole exome sequencing and review. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The mutations in the ATRX gene have been shown to cause two types of disorders: inherited mutations lead to alpha thalassemia X-linked mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome and acquired somatic mutations cause alpha thalassemia myelodysplastic syndrome (ATMDS). Here we report a case of ATRX gene mutation without completely features of ATR-X or ATMDS syndromes. Moreover we review previous reports of ATRX gene mutations in both ATR-X syndrome and ATMDS.
Methods
After sample collection and DNA extraction, whole exome sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq PE150 apparatus. The results were confirmed using Sanger sequencing for the patients and his relatives. Literature review was performed based on the published data in Web of science, Science direct, Springer link and Pubmed databases.
Results
We identified a hemizygous missense ATRX gene mutation (ATRX, c.2388A > C, p. K796N) as a new disease-causing variant in the patient, heterozygous situation for his mother and his father was hemizygous for wild type allele. The literatures of patients were reviewed regarding the ATR-X syndrome.
Conclusions
According to previous findings, inherited ATRX mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Therefore a person with a mild α-thalassemia phenotype may also has mutation in ATRX gene. Accordingly, it is critical for geneticist and physicians to increase awareness in molecular diagnosis of α-thalassemia patients.
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4
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Kit OI, Gvaldin DY, Trifanov VS, Kolesnikov EN, Timoshkina NN. Molecular-Genetic Features of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Stögbauer L, Stummer W, Senner V, Brokinkel B. Telomerase activity, TERT expression, hTERT promoter alterations, and alternative lengthening of the telomeres (ALT) in meningiomas – a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2019; 43:903-910. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wong K, van der Weyden L, Schott CR, Foote A, Constantino-Casas F, Smith S, Dobson JM, Murchison EP, Wu H, Yeh I, Fullen DR, Joseph N, Bastian BC, Patel RM, Martincorena I, Robles-Espinoza CD, Iyer V, Kuijjer ML, Arends MJ, Brenn T, Harms PW, Wood GA, Adams DJ. Cross-species genomic landscape comparison of human mucosal melanoma with canine oral and equine melanoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:353. [PMID: 30664638 PMCID: PMC6341101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma is a rare and poorly characterized subtype of human melanoma. Here we perform a cross-species analysis by sequencing tumor-germline pairs from 46 primary human muscosal, 65 primary canine oral and 28 primary equine melanoma cases from mucosal sites. Analysis of these data reveals recurrently mutated driver genes shared between species such as NRAS, FAT4, PTPRJ, TP53 and PTEN, and pathogenic germline alleles of BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53. We identify a UV mutation signature in a small number of samples, including human cases from the lip and nasal mucosa. A cross-species comparative analysis of recurrent copy number alterations identifies several candidate drivers including MDM2, B2M, KNSTRN and BUB1B. Comparison of somatic mutations in recurrences and metastases to those in the primary tumor suggests pervasive intra-tumor heterogeneity. Collectively, these studies suggest a convergence of some genetic changes in mucosal melanomas between species but also distinctly different paths to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Courtney R Schott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alastair Foote
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre, High Street, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 8JS, UK
| | - Fernando Constantino-Casas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Sionagh Smith
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jane M Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Hong Wu
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Douglas R Fullen
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3261 Medical Science I, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Nancy Joseph
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Rajiv M Patel
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3261 Medical Science I, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Marieke L Kuijjer
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark J Arends
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Thomas Brenn
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - Paul W Harms
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3261 Medical Science I, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
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Kaneko MK, Yamada S, Itai S, Furusawa Y, Nakamura T, Yanaka M, Handa S, Hisamatsu K, Nakamura Y, Fukui M, Harada H, Kato Y. Epitope mapping of an anti-alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked monoclonal antibody AMab-6. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 15:76-80. [PMID: 30073207 PMCID: PMC6068083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha-thalassemia/mental-retardation-syndrome-X-linked (ATRX) gene is located on the q arm of the X chromosome. ATRX gene mutations were first discovered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and subsequently in other cancer subtypes, including gliomas. Molecular subgrouping of gliomas has been more important than conventional histological classifications. Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, and ATRX and the codeletion of chromosomes 1p/19q are used as biomarkers for diagnosing the subtypes of diffuse gliomas. We recently developed a sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) AMab-6 against ATRX by immunizing mice with recombinant human ATRX. AMab-6 can help to detect ATRX mutations via Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. In this study, we characterized the binding epitope of AMab-6 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis, and found that Gln2368 of ATRX is critical for AMab-6 binding to ATRX. Our findings could be applied to the production of more functional anti-ATRX mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamada
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Itai
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furusawa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,ZENOAQ RESOURCE CO., LTD., 1-1 Tairanoue, Sasagawa, Asaka-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0196, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Saori Handa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kayo Hisamatsu
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Fukui
- ZENOAQ RESOURCE CO., LTD., 1-1 Tairanoue, Sasagawa, Asaka-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0196, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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