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Hariharan A, Qi W, Rehrauer H, Wu L, Ronner M, Wipplinger M, Kresoja‐Rakic J, Sun S, Oton‐Gonzalez L, Sculco M, Serre‐Beinier V, Meiller C, Blanquart C, Fonteneau J, Vrugt B, Rüschoff JH, Opitz I, Jean D, de Perrot M, Felley‐Bosco E. Heterogeneous RNA editing and influence of ADAR2 on mesothelioma chemoresistance and the tumor microenvironment. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3949-3974. [PMID: 36221913 PMCID: PMC9718120 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed increased levels of adenosine-deaminase-acting-on-dsRNA (Adar)-dependent RNA editing during mesothelioma development in mice exposed to asbestos. The aim of this study was to characterize and assess the role of ADAR-dependent RNA editing in mesothelioma. We found that tumors and mesothelioma primary cultures have higher ADAR-mediated RNA editing compared to mesothelial cells. Unsupervised clustering of editing in different genomic regions revealed heterogeneity between tumor samples as well as mesothelioma primary cultures. ADAR2 expression levels are higher in BRCA1-associated protein 1 wild-type tumors, with corresponding changes in RNA editing in transcripts and 3'UTR. ADAR2 knockdown and rescue models indicated a role in cell proliferation, altered cell cycle, increased sensitivity to antifolate treatment, and type-1 interferon signaling upregulation, leading to changes in the microenvironment in vivo. Our data indicate that RNA editing contributes to mesothelioma heterogeneity and highlights an important role of ADAR2 not only in growth regulation in mesothelioma but also in chemotherapy response, in addition to regulating inflammatory response downstream of sensing nucleic acid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Hariharan
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Weihong Qi
- Functional Genomics Center, ETH ZurichUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center, ETH ZurichUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Division of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Manuel Ronner
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martin Wipplinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jelena Kresoja‐Rakic
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Suna Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lucia Oton‐Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marika Sculco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Clément Meiller
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, InsermSorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Functional Genomics of Solid TumorsFrance
| | - Christophe Blanquart
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NAFrance
| | | | - Bart Vrugt
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Rüschoff
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Didier Jean
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, InsermSorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Functional Genomics of Solid TumorsFrance
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Division of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Emanuela Felley‐Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland
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Karatkevich D, Deng H, Gao Y, Flint E, Peng RW, Schmid RA, Dorn P, Marti TM. Schedule-Dependent Treatment Increases Chemotherapy Efficacy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911949. [PMID: 36233258 PMCID: PMC9569655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but aggressive thoracic malignancy with limited treatment options. One of the standard treatments for MPM is chemotherapy, which consists of concurrent treatment with pemetrexed and cisplatin. Pemetrexed limits tumor growth by inhibiting critical metabolic enzymes involved in nucleotide synthesis. Cisplatin causes direct DNA damage, such as intra-strand and inter-strand cross-links, which are repaired by the nucleotide excision repair pathway, which depends on relatively high nucleotide levels. We hypothesized that prolonged pretreatment with pemetrexed might deplete nucleotide pools, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to subsequent cisplatin treatment. The MPM cell lines ACC-MESO-1 and NCI-H28 were treated for 72 h with pemetrexed. Three treatment schedules were evaluated by initiating 24 h of cisplatin treatment at 0 h (concomitant), 24 h, and 48 h relative to pemetrexed treatment, resulting in either concomitant administration or pemetrexed pretreatment for 24 h or 48 h, respectively. Multicolor flow cytometry was performed to detect γH2AX (phosphorylation of histone H2AX), a surrogate marker for the activation of the DNA damage response pathway. DAPI staining of DNA was used to analyze cell cycle distribution. Forward and side scatter intensity was used to distinguish subpopulations based on cellular size and granularity, respectively. Our study revealed that prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment for 48 h prior to cisplatin significantly reduced long-term cell growth. Specifically, pretreatment for 48 h with pemetrexed induced a cell cycle arrest, mainly in the G2/M phase, accumulation of persistent DNA damage, and induction of a senescence phenotype. The present study demonstrates that optimizing the treatment schedule by pretreatment with pemetrexed increases the efficacy of the pemetrexed-cisplatin combination therapy in MPM. We show that the observed benefits are associated with the persistence of treatment-induced DNA damage. Our study suggests that an adjustment of the treatment schedule could improve the efficacy of the standard chemotherapy regimen for MPM and might improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Karatkevich
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haibin Deng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emilio Flint
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (T.M.M.); Tel.: +41-3-1632-3489 (P.D.); +41-3-1684-0461 (T.M.M.)
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (T.M.M.); Tel.: +41-3-1632-3489 (P.D.); +41-3-1684-0461 (T.M.M.)
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Hu P, Leyton L, Hagood JS, Barker TH. Thy-1-Integrin Interactions in cis and Trans Mediate Distinctive Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:928510. [PMID: 35733855 PMCID: PMC9208718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.928510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thy-1 is a cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein that bears a broad mosaic of biological roles across various cell types. Thy-1 displays strong physiological and pathological implications in development, cancer, immunity, and tissue fibrosis. Quite uniquely, Thy-1 is capable of mediating integrin-related signaling through direct trans- and cis-interaction with integrins. Both interaction types have shown distinctive roles, even when interacting with the same type of integrin, where binding in trans or in cis often yields divergent signaling events. In this review, we will revisit recent progress and discoveries of Thy-1–integrin interactions in trans and in cis, highlight their pathophysiological consequences and explore other potential binding partners of Thy-1 within the integrin regulation/signaling paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James S. Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Thomas H. Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas H. Barker,
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Yang H, Berezowska S, Dorn P, Zens P, Chen P, Peng RW, Marti TM, Kocher GJ, Schmid RA, Hall SR. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are functionally inactivated by CD90+ stromal cells and reactivated by combined Ibrutinib and Rapamycin in human pleural mesothelioma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:167-185. [PMID: 34987640 PMCID: PMC8690914 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Despite evidence suggesting that the tumor microenvironment (TME) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is linked with poor prognosis, there is a lack of studies that functionally characterize stromal cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Here, we aim to characterize the stromal subsets within MPM, investigate their relationship to TILs, and explore the potential therapeutic targets. Methods: We curated a core set of genes defining stromal/immune signatures expressed by mesenchymal cells within the TME using molecular analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) MPM cohort. Stromal and immune profiles were molecularly characterized using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, microarray, and functionally evaluated using T cell-activation/expansion, coculture assays and drug compounds treatment, based on samples from an independent MPM cohort. Results: We found that a high extracellular matrix (ECM)/stromal gene signature, a high ECM score, or the ratio of ECM to an immune activation gene signature are significantly associated with poor survival in the MPM cohort in TCGA. Analysis of an independent MPM cohort (n = 12) revealed that CD8+ and CD4+ TILs were characterized by PD1 overexpression and concomitant downregulation in degranulation and CD127. This coincided with an increase in CD90+ cells that overexpressed PD-L1 and were enriched for ECM/stromal genes, activated PI3K-mTOR signaling and suppressed T cells. Protein array data demonstrated that MPM samples with high PD-L1 expression were most associated with activation of the mTOR pathway. Further, to reactivate functionally indolent TILs, we reprogrammed ex vivo TILs with Ibrutinib plus Rapamycin to block interleukin-2-inducible kinase (ITK) and mTOR pathways, respectively. The combination treatment shifted effector memory (TEM) CD8+ and CD4+ TILs towards T cells that re-expressed CD45RA (TEMRA) while concomitantly downregulating exhaustion markers. Gene expression analysis confirmed that Ibrutinib plus Rapamycin downregulated coinhibitory and T cell signature pathways while upregulating pathways involved in DNA damage and repair and immune cell adhesion and migration. Conclusions: Our results suggest that targeting the TME may represent a novel strategy to redirect the fate of endogenous TILs with the goal of restoring anti-tumor immunity and control of tumor growth in MPM.
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Oehl K, Vrugt B, Wagner U, Kirschner MB, Meerang M, Weder W, Felley-Bosco E, Wollscheid B, Bankov K, Demes MC, Opitz I, Wild PJ. Alterations in BAP1 Are Associated with Cisplatin Resistance through Inhibition of Apoptosis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2277-2291. [PMID: 33547197 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical standard treatment for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) includes a cisplatin-based chemotherapy, leading to reduction of tumor size in only a minority of patients. Predicting response to chemotherapy in patients with MPM by using a genetic marker would, therefore, enable patient stratification. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this retrospective biomarker study, eligible patients had resectable MPM, measurable disease, and available primary MPM tissue. All patients underwent first-line treatment with cisplatin and pemetrexed, followed by surgery. Thorough molecular analysis was performed (whole-exome and targeted deep sequencing, and copy-number analyses), and also mechanistic in vitro data (viability assays, Western blots, and immunoprecipitation) using mesothelioma cell lines with and without siRNA-mediated BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) knockdown were provided. RESULTS In a training cohort of patients with MPM (n = 28), mutations or deletions of BAP1 each predicted resistance to chemotherapy in patients with primary MPM. The negative predictive value of BAP1 loss in patients with MPM was confirmed by amplicon sequencing and copy-number array technology in an independent test cohort (n = 39). Preliminary mechanistic studies using siRNA-based knockdown of BAP1 in MPM cell culture models along with immunoprecipitation assays confirmed chemoresistance in vitro, possibly through inhibition of apoptosis and transcriptional regulation of the BAP1/HCF1/E2F1 axis. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in BAP1 in MPM were a negative predictor for response to chemotherapy and could possibly be used as a companion biomarker for treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Oehl
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bart Vrugt
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Wagner
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mayura Meerang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bernd Wollscheid
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology & Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Bankov
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Melanie C Demes
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Wild
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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6
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Impact of hypoxia on chemoresistance of mesothelioma mediated by the proton-coupled folate transporter, and preclinical activity of new anti-LDH-A compounds. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:644-656. [PMID: 32493992 PMCID: PMC7434895 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) is associated with survival of mesothelioma patients treated with pemetrexed, and is reduced by hypoxia, prompting studies to elucidate their correlation. METHODS Modulation of glycolytic gene expression was evaluated by PCR arrays in tumour cells and primary cultures growing under hypoxia, in spheroids and after PCFT silencing. Inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-A) were tested in vitro and in vivo. LDH-A expression was determined in tissue microarrays of radically resected malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM, N = 33) and diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM, N = 56) patients. RESULTS Overexpression of hypoxia marker CAIX was associated with low PCFT expression and decreased MPM cell growth inhibition by pemetrexed. Through integration of PCR arrays in hypoxic cells and spheroids and following PCFT silencing, we identified the upregulation of LDH-A, which correlated with shorter survival of MPM and DMPM patients. Novel LDH-A inhibitors enhanced spheroid disintegration and displayed synergistic effects with pemetrexed in MPM and gemcitabine in DMPM cells. Studies with bioluminescent hypoxic orthotopic and subcutaneous DMPM athymic-mice models revealed the marked antitumour activity of the LDH-A inhibitor NHI-Glc-2, alone or combined with gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into hypoxia/PCFT-dependent chemoresistance, unravelling the potential prognostic value of LDH-A, and demonstrating the preclinical activity of LDH-A inhibitors.
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7
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Okonska A, Bühler S, Rao V, Ronner M, Blijlevens M, van der Meulen-Muileman IH, de Menezes RX, Wipplinger M, Oehl K, Smit EF, Weder W, Stahel RA, Penengo L, van Beusechem VW, Felley-Bosco E. Functional Genomic Screen in Mesothelioma Reveals that Loss of Function of BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 Induces Chemoresistance to Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:552-563. [PMID: 31619462 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is observed in about 50% of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this aspect could be exploited for targeted therapy. A genetically engineered model was established expressing either functional or nonfunctional BAP1, and whole-genome siRNA synthetic lethality screens were performed assessing differentially impaired survival between the two cell lines. The whole-genome siRNA screen unexpectedly revealed 11 hits (FDR < 0.05) that were more cytotoxic to BAP1-proficient cells. Two actionable targets, ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalytic subunit M1 (RRM1) and RNR regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2), were validated. In line with the screen results, primary mesothelioma (BAP1 +/-) overexpressing BAP1 C91A (catalytically dead mutant) was more resistant to RNR inhibition, while BAP1 knockdown in the BAP1-proficient cell lines rescued the cells from their vulnerability to RNR depletion. Gemcitabine and hydroxyurea were more cytotoxic in BAP1-proficient cell line-derived spheroids compared with BAP1 deficient. Upregulation of RRM2 upon gemcitabine and hydroxyurea treatment was more profound in BAP1 mut/del cell lines. Increased lethality mediated by RNR inhibition was observed in NCI-H2452 cells reconstituted with BAP1-WT but not with BAP1 C91A. Upregulation of RRM2 in NCI-H2452-BAP1 WT spheroids was modest compared with control or C91A mutant. Together, we found that BAP1 is involved in the regulation of RNR levels during replication stress. Our observations reveal a potential clinical application where BAP1 status could serve as predictive or stratification biomarker for RNR inhibition-based therapy in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Okonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Lungen- und Thoraxonkologie Zentrum, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Saskja Bühler
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Lungen- und Thoraxonkologie Zentrum, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vasundhara Rao
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Lungen- und Thoraxonkologie Zentrum, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Ronner
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Lungen- und Thoraxonkologie Zentrum, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Blijlevens
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Renee X de Menezes
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Wipplinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Lungen- und Thoraxonkologie Zentrum, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Oehl
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, NKI, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf A Stahel
- Lungen- und Thoraxonkologie Zentrum, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenza Penengo
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor W van Beusechem
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Lungen- und Thoraxonkologie Zentrum, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Oehl K, Vrugt B, Opitz I, Meerang M. Heterogeneity in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061603. [PMID: 29848954 PMCID: PMC6032160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in malignant pleural mesothelioma therapy, life expectancy of affected patients remains short. The limited efficiency of treatment options is mainly caused by inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of mesotheliomas. This diversity can be observed at the morphological and molecular levels. Molecular analyses reveal a high heterogeneity (i) between patients; (ii) within different areas of a given tumor in terms of different clonal compositions; and (iii) during treatment over time. The aim of the present review is to highlight this diversity and its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Oehl
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Bart Vrugt
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mayura Meerang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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9
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Singh AS, Heery R, Gray SG. In Silico and In Vitro Analyses of LncRNAs as Potential Regulators in the Transition from the Epithelioid to Sarcomatoid Histotype of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051297. [PMID: 29701689 PMCID: PMC5983793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy, with extremely poor survival rates. At present, treatment options are limited, with no second line chemotherapy for those who fail first line therapy. Extensive efforts are ongoing in a bid to characterise the underlying molecular mechanisms of mesothelioma. Recent research has determined that between 70–90% of our genome is transcribed. As only 2% of our genome is protein coding, the roles of the remaining proportion of non-coding RNA in biological processes has many applications, including roles in carcinogenesis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process thought to play important roles in MPM pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs can be separated loosely into two subtypes, short non-coding RNAs (<200 nucleotides) or long (>200 nucleotides). A significant body of evidence has emerged for the roles of short non-coding RNAs in MPM. Less is known about the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this disease setting. LncRNAs have been shown to play diverse roles in EMT, and it has been suggested that EMT may play a role in the aggressiveness of MPM histological subsets. In this report, using both in vitro analyses on mesothelioma patient material and in silico analyses of existing RNA datasets, we posit that various lncRNAs may play important roles in EMT within MPM, and we review the current literature regarding these lncRNAs with respect to both EMT and MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand S Singh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- MSc in Translational Oncology Program, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Richard Heery
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- MSc in Translational Oncology Program, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
- Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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10
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Felley-Bosco E, Rehrauer H. Non-Coding Transcript Heterogeneity in Mesothelioma: Insights from Asbestos-Exposed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041163. [PMID: 29641489 PMCID: PMC5979355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive, rapidly fatal cancer and a better understanding of its molecular heterogeneity may help with making more efficient therapeutic strategies. Non-coding RNAs represent a larger part of the transcriptome but their contribution to diseases is not fully understood yet. We used recently obtained RNA-seq data from asbestos-exposed mice and performed data mining of publicly available datasets in order to evaluate how non-coding RNA contribute to mesothelioma heterogeneity. Nine non-coding RNAs are specifically elevated in mesothelioma tumors and contribute to human mesothelioma heterogeneity. Because some of them have known oncogenic properties, this study supports the concept of non-coding RNAs as cancer progenitor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Lungen- und Thoraxonkologie Zentrum, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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