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Dialog beyond the Grave: Necrosis in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Contribution to Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065278. [PMID: 36982351 PMCID: PMC10049335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released from the necrotic cells dying after exposure to various stressors. After binding to their receptors, they can stimulate various signaling pathways in target cells. DAMPs are especially abundant in the microenvironment of malignant tumors and are suspected to influence the behavior of malignant and stromal cells in multiple ways often resulting in promotion of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, as well as increased immune evasion. This review will start with a reminder of the main features of cell necrosis, which will be compared to other forms of cell death. Then we will summarize the various methods used to assess tumor necrosis in clinical practice including medical imaging, histopathological examination, and/or biological assays. We will also consider the importance of necrosis as a prognostic factor. Then the focus will be on the DAMPs and their role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We will address not only their interactions with the malignant cells, frequently leading to cancer progression, but also with the immune cells and their contribution to immunosuppression. Finally, we will emphasize the role of DAMPs released by necrotic cells in the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the possible contributions of TLRs to tumor development. This last point is very important for the future of cancer therapeutics since there are attempts to use TLR artificial ligands for cancer therapeutics.
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Moradi Kashkooli F, Jakhmola A, Hornsby TK, Tavakkoli JJ, Kolios MC. Ultrasound-mediated nano drug delivery for treating cancer: Fundamental physics to future directions. J Control Release 2023; 355:552-578. [PMID: 36773959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of biocompatible nanocarriers in medicine has provided several benefits over conventional treatment methods. However, achieving high treatment efficacy and deep penetration of nanocarriers in tumor tissue is still challenging. To address this, stimuli-responsive nano-sized drug delivery systems (DDSs) are an active area of investigation in delivering anticancer drugs. While ultrasound is mainly used for diagnostic purposes, it can also be applied to affect cellular function and the delivery/release of anticancer drugs. Therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) has shown potential as both a stand-alone anticancer treatment and a method to induce targeted drug release from nanocarrier systems. TUS approaches have been used to overcome various physiological obstacles, including endothelial barriers, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunological hurdles. Combining nanomedicine and ultrasound as a smart DDS can increase in situ drug delivery and improve access to impermeable tissues. Furthermore, smart DDSs can perform targeted drug release in response to distinctive TMEs, external triggers, or dual/multi-stimulus. This results in enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced damage to surrounding healthy tissue or organs at risk. Integrating DDSs and ultrasound is still in its early stages. More research and clinical trials are required to fully understand ultrasound's underlying physical mechanisms and interactions with various types of nanocarriers and different types of cells and tissues. In the present review, ultrasound-mediated nano-sized DDS, specifically focused on cancer treatment, is presented and discussed. Ultrasound interaction with nanoparticles (NPs), drug release mechanisms, and various types of ultrasound-sensitive NPs are examined. Additionally, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical applications of TUS are reviewed in light of the critical challenges that need to be considered to advance TUS toward an efficient, secure, straightforward, and accessible cancer treatment. This study also presents effective TUS parameters and safety considerations for this treatment modality and gives recommendations about system design and operation. Finally, future perspectives are considered, and different TUS approaches are examined and discussed in detail. This review investigates drug release and delivery through ultrasound-mediated nano-sized cancer treatment, both pre-clinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshuman Jakhmola
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler K Hornsby
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jahangir Jahan Tavakkoli
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Shayan S, Arashkia A, Azadmanesh K. Modifying oncolytic virotherapy to overcome the barrier of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Where do we stand? Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:370. [PMID: 36424577 PMCID: PMC9686061 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are completely dependent on host cell machinery for their reproduction. As a result, factors that influence the state of cells, such as signaling pathways and gene expression, could determine the outcome of viral pathogenicity. One of the important factors influencing cells or the outcome of viral infection is the level of oxygen. Recently, oncolytic virotherapy has attracted attention as a promising approach to improving cancer treatment. However, it was shown that tumor cells are mostly less oxygenated compared with their normal counterparts, which might affect the outcome of oncolytic virotherapy. Therefore, knowing how oncolytic viruses could cope with stressful environments, particularly hypoxic environments, might be essential for improving oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shayan
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
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Multiplexed Imaging Reveals the Spatial Relationship of the Extracellular Acidity-Targeting pHLIP with Necrosis, Hypoxia, and the Integrin-Targeting cRGD Peptide. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213499. [DOI: 10.3390/cells11213499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs) have been developed for cancer imaging and therapy targeting the acidic extracellular microenvironment. However, the characteristics of intratumoral distribution (ITD) of pHLIPs are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to reveal the details of the ITD of pHLIPs and their spatial relationship with other tumor features of concern. The fluorescent dye-labeled pHLIPs were intravenously administered to subcutaneous xenograft mouse models of U87MG and IGR-OV1 expressing αVβ3 integrins (using large necrotic tumors). The αVβ3 integrin-targeting Cy5.5-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 was used as a reference. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging, whole-tumor section imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and multiplexed fluorescence colocalization analysis were performed. The ITD of fluorescent dye-labeled pHLIPs was heterogeneous, having a high degree of colocalization with necrosis. A direct one-to-one comparison of highly magnified images revealed the cellular localization of pHLIP in pyknotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolytic necrotic cells. pHLIP and hypoxia were spatially contiguous but not overlapping cellularly. The hypoxic region was found between the ITDs of pHLIP and the cRGD peptide and the Ki-67 proliferative activity remained detectable in the pHLIP-accumulated regions. The results provide a better understanding of the characteristics of ITD of pHLIPs, leading to new insights into the theranostic applications of pHLIPs.
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5
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Schmitz C, Pepelanova I, Ude C, Lavrentieva A. Studies on oxygen availability and the creation of natural and artificial oxygen gradients in gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogel 3D cell culture. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:977-986. [PMID: 35962761 DOI: 10.1002/term.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cultivation platforms allow the creation of cell models, which more closely resemble in vivo-like cell behavior. Therefore, 3D cell culture platforms have started to replace conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultivation techniques in many fields. Besides the advantages of 3D culture, there are also some challenges: cultivation in 3D often results in an inhomogeneous microenvironment and therefore unique cultivation conditions for each cell inside the construct. As a result, the analysis and precise control over the singular cell state is limited in 3D. In this work, we address these challenges by exploring ways to monitor oxygen concentrations in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) 3D hydrogel culture at the cellular level using hypoxia reporter cells and deep within the construct using a non-invasive optical oxygen sensing spot. We could show that the appearance of oxygen limitations is more prominent in softer GelMA-hydrogels, which enable better cell spreading. Beyond demonstrating novel or space-resolved techniques of visualizing oxygen availability in hydrogel constructs, we also describe a method to create a stable and controlled oxygen gradient throughout the construct using a 3D printed flow-through chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Schmitz
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iliyana Pepelanova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Ude
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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6
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Zhang S, Zhou J, Shang P, Zhao G, Wang A, Mao J, Tao Y, Chen Z, Wang X, Guo C. SET/PP2A signaling regulates macrophage positioning in hypoxic tumor regions by amplifying chemotactic responses. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1741-1755. [PMID: 36224346 PMCID: PMC9636225 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the main cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In many types of solid tumors, TAMs tend to accumulate in hypoxic areas and are intimately related to poor patient prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which TAMs infiltrate hypoxic tumor regions remain unclear. In this study, we report that genetic deletion of SE translocation (SET) in myeloid cells inhibited the entry of TAMs into the hypoxic tumor region and abated their proangiogenic and immunosuppressive functions, ultimately inhibiting tumor growth. Mechanistically, in response to hypoxic tumor supernatant stimulation, SET in macrophages shuttled between the nucleus and cytoplasm via the PKC-CK2α signaling axis. Cytoplasmic retention of SET increased ERK and P38 signaling by inhibiting PP2A, which promoted TAM migration into the hypoxic area and polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Therefore, we conclude that SET modulates tumor immunity by acting as a key regulator of macrophage positioning and function in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Zhang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingping Zhou
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pengzhao Shang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Guomeng Zhao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Anlei Wang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jinlei Mao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuhang Tao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Changying Guo
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Trappetti V, Fazzari J, Fernandez-Palomo C, Smyth L, Potez M, Shintani N, de Breuyn Dietler B, Martin OA, Djonov V. Targeted Accumulation of Macrophages Induced by Microbeam Irradiation in a Tissue-Dependent Manner. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040735. [PMID: 35453485 PMCID: PMC9025837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a vital component of multimodal cancer treatment, and its immunomodulatory effects are a major focus of current therapeutic strategies. Macrophages are some of the first cells recruited to sites of radiation-induced injury where they can aid in tissue repair, propagate radiation-induced fibrogenesis and influence tumour dynamics. Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a unique, spatially fractionated radiation modality that has demonstrated exceptional tumour control and reduction in normal tissue toxicity, including fibrosis. We conducted a morphological analysis of MRT-irradiated normal liver, lung and skin tissues as well as lung and melanoma tumours. MRT induced distinct patterns of DNA damage, reflecting the geometry of the microbeam array. Macrophages infiltrated these regions of peak dose deposition at variable timepoints post-irradiation depending on the tissue type. In normal liver and lung tissue, macrophages clearly demarcated the beam path by 48 h and 7 days post-irradiation, respectively. This was not reflected, however, in normal skin tissue, despite clear DNA damage marking the beam path. Persistent DNA damage was observed in MRT-irradiated lung carcinoma, with an accompanying geometry-specific influx of mixed M1/M2-like macrophage populations. These data indicate the unique potential of MRT as a tool to induce a remarkable accumulation of macrophages in an organ/tissue-specific manner. Further characterization of these macrophage populations is warranted to identify their organ-specific roles in normal tissue sparing and anti-tumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Trappetti
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Jennifer Fazzari
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Cristian Fernandez-Palomo
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Lloyd Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Marine Potez
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nahoko Shintani
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Bettina de Breuyn Dietler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Olga A. Martin
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Mehrabi M, Amini F, Mehrabi S. Kill and Clearance in HCC: An Approach Based on NK Cells and Macrophages. Front Oncol 2021; 11:693076. [PMID: 34557407 PMCID: PMC8453146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.693076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shima Mehrabi
- Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Deprez J, Lajoinie G, Engelen Y, De Smedt SC, Lentacker I. Opening doors with ultrasound and microbubbles: Beating biological barriers to promote drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:9-36. [PMID: 33705877 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its clinical use in imaging, ultrasound has been thoroughly investigated as a tool to enhance drug delivery in a wide variety of applications. Therapeutic ultrasound, as such or combined with cavitating nuclei or microbubbles, has been explored to cross or permeabilize different biological barriers. This ability to access otherwise impermeable tissues in the body makes the combination of ultrasound and therapeutics very appealing to enhance drug delivery in situ. This review gives an overview of the most important biological barriers that can be tackled using ultrasound and aims to provide insight on how ultrasound has shown to improve accessibility as well as the biggest hurdles. In addition, we discuss the clinical applicability of therapeutic ultrasound with respect to the main challenges that must be addressed to enable the further progression of therapeutic ultrasound towards an effective, safe and easy-to-use treatment tailored for drug delivery in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Deprez
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Y Engelen
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - S C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - I Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Mori Y, Takeuchi A, Miyagawa K, Yoda H, Soda H, Nabeya Y, Watanabe N, Ozaki T, Shimozato O. CD133 prevents colon cancer cell death induced by serum deprivation through activation of Akt-mediated protein synthesis and inhibition of apoptosis. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1382-1394. [PMID: 33720534 PMCID: PMC8091590 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early phase of tumorigenesis, primary malignant cells survive within a low nutrition environment caused by a poorly organized vascular system. Here, we sought to determine the functional significance of CD133 in the survival of cancer cells under nutrient‐poor conditions. Knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrated that CD133 suppresses colon cancer cell death induced by serum deprivation through activation of Akt‐mediated anti‐apoptosis and protein synthesis pathways. Furthermore, serum deprivation increased the amount of endogenous CD133 protein, which was regulated at least in part by phosphoinositide 3‐kinase. Thus, it is highly likely that CD133 contributes to the acquisition/maintenance of the resistance to stress arising from nutrient deficiency in early avascular tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mori
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Kengo Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoda
- Laboratory of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Soda
- Department of Esophago-Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nabeya
- Department of Esophago-Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoko Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Osamu Shimozato
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
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11
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Disruption of the Complex between GAPDH and Hsp70 Sensitizes C6 Glioblastoma Cells to Hypoxic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041520. [PMID: 33546324 PMCID: PMC7913589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, which commonly accompanies tumor growth, depending on its strength may cause the enhancement of tumorigenicity of cancer cells or their death. One of the proteins targeted by hypoxia is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and we demonstrated here that hypoxia mimicked by treating C6 rat glioblastoma cells with cobalt chloride caused an up-regulation of the enzyme expression, while further elevation of hypoxic stress caused the enzyme aggregation concomitantly with cell death. Reduction or elevation of GAPDH performed with the aid of specific shRNAs resulted in the augmentation of the tumorigenicity of C6 cells or their sensitization to hypoxic stress. Another hypoxia-regulated protein, Hsp70 chaperone, was shown to prevent the aggregation of oxidized GAPDH and to reduce hypoxia-mediated cell death. In order to release the enzyme molecules from the chaperone, we employed its inhibitor, derivative of colchicine. The compound was found to substantially increase aggregation of GAPDH and to sensitize C6 cells to hypoxia both in vitro and in animals bearing tumors with distinct levels of the enzyme expression. In conclusion, blocking the chaperonic activity of Hsp70 and its interaction with GAPDH may become a promising strategy to overcome tumor resistance to multiple environmental stresses and enhance existing therapeutic tools.
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12
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Lundgren S, Micke P, Elebro J, Heby M, Hrynchyk I, Nodin B, Leandersson K, Mezheyeuski A, Jirström K. Topographical Distribution and Spatial Interactions of Innate and Semi-Innate Immune Cells in Pancreatic and Other Periampullary Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:558169. [PMID: 33013928 PMCID: PMC7511775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.558169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical management of pancreatic and other periampullary neoplasms remains challenging. In contrast to other cancer types, immunotherapies are largely ineffective, and the reason for the deprived immune response and the immune inhibiting cellular composition is only fragmentarily understood. The aim of this study was to comprehensively map the abundance, topographic distribution and spatial interaction of innate and innate-like immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of periampullary adenocarcinoma. Methods Multiplexed immunofluorescent imaging was performed on tissue microarrays with tumors from a consecutive cohort of 175 patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma. To obtain a detailed spatial analysis of immune cell infiltration, two multiplex immune panels including antibodies against CD3, NKp46, CD56, CD68, CD163 and CD1a, CD208, CD123, CD15, CD68 and pan-cytokeratin were applied. Results The infiltration of natural killer (NK) and NK-like T (NKT) cells was lower in malignant compared to benign tissue. NKT cells were more abundant in intestinal type compared to pancreatobiliary type tumors, and were associated with more favorable clinicopathological features and a prolonged survival. The interaction of NKp46+ NKT cells with macrophages was also associated with a prolonged survival. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive map of the innate immune landscape in periampullary adenocarcinoma. NK cells, and even more so NKT cells, are revealed to be central players in the local immune response in a clinically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacob Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Heby
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ina Hrynchyk
- City Clinical Pathologoanatomic Bureau, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Cancer Immunology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Karsch-Bluman A, Benny O. Necrosis in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Role in Cancer Recurrence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1225:89-98. [PMID: 32030649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer recurrence is one of the most imminent problems in the current world of medicine, and it is responsible for most of the cancer-related death rates worldwide. Long-term administration of anticancer cytotoxic drugs may act as a double-edged sword, as necrosis may lead to renewed cancer progression and treatment resistance. The lack of nutrients, coupled with the induced hypoxia, triggers cell death and secretion of signals that affect the tumor niche. Many efforts have been made to better understand the contribution of hypoxia and metabolic stress to cancer progression and resistance, but mostly with respect to inflammation. Here we provide an overview of the direct anticancer effects of necrotic signals, which are not necessarily mediated by inflammation and the role of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) on the formation of a pro-cancerous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Karsch-Bluman
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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14
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Tumour microenvironment and metabolic plasticity in cancer and cancer stem cells: Perspectives on metabolic and immune regulatory signatures in chemoresistant ovarian cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:265-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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