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Zhao J, Pan X, Wang Z, Chen Y, Liu D, Shen Y, Wei X, Xu C, Zhang X, Hu X, Chen J, Zhao J, Tang B, Sun G, Shen P, Liu Z, Zeng H, Liang J. Epigenetic modification of PHLDA2 is associated with tumor microenvironment and unfavorable outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:378. [PMID: 39033192 PMCID: PMC11264912 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cannot derive benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus anti-angiogenic agent combination therapy, making identification of predictive biomarkers an urgent need. The members of pleckstrin homology-like domain family A (PHLDA) play critical roles in multiple cancers, whereas their roles in ccRCC remain unknown. METHODS Transcriptomic, clinical, genetic alteration and DNA methylation data were obtained for integrated analyses from TCGA database. RNA sequencing was performed on 117 primary tumors and 79 normal kidney tissues from our center. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, gene set enrichment analysis were performed to explore transcriptomic features. Data from three randomized controlled trials (RCT), including CheckMate025, IMmotion151, JAVELIN101, were obtained for validation. RESULTS Members of PHLDA family were dysregulated in pan-cancer. Elevated PHLDA2 expression was associated with adverse clinicopathologic parameters and worse prognosis in ccRCC. Aberrant DNA hypomethylation contributed to up-regulation of PHLDA2. An immunosuppressive microenvironment featured by high infiltrates of Tregs and cancer-associated fibroblasts, was observed in ccRCC with higher PHLDA2 expression. Utilizing data from three RCTs, the association of elevated PHLDA2 expression with poor therapeutic efficacy of ICI plus anti-angiogenic combination therapy was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that elevated PHLDA2 expression regulated by DNA hypomethylation was correlated with poor prognosis and immunosuppressive microenvironment, and highlighted the role of PHLDA2 as a robust biomarker for predicting therapeutic efficacy of ICI plus anti-angiogenic agent combination therapy in ccRCC, which expand the dimension of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuyi Pan
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuntian Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingbang Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinge Zhao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxi Sun
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Wang C, Fu R, Wang Y, Wei J, Yu Y, Hu L, Zhang C. miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway via ROR2 in medulloblastoma progression. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:941-954. [PMID: 38632356 PMCID: PMC11192632 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), a prevalent pediatric central nervous system tumor, is influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs) that impact tumor initiation and progression. However, the specific involvement of miRNAs in MB tumorigenesis remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified ROR2 expression in normal human fetal cerebellum. Subsequent analyses, including immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot, assessed ROR2 expression in MB tissues and cell lines. We investigated miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p and their regulatory role in ROR2 expression through the dual-luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, and western blot assays. Mechanistic insights were gained through functional assays exploring the impact of miR-124-3p, miR-194-5p, and ROR2 on MB growth in vitro and in vivo. We observed significantly reduced miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p expression and elevated ROR2 expression in MB tissues and cell lines. High ROR2 expression inversely correlated with overall survival in WNT and SHH subgroups of MB patients. Functionally, overexpressing miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p and inhibiting ROR2 suppressed in vitro malignant transformation and in vivo tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p synergistically regulated the ROR2/PI3K/Akt pathway, influencing MB progression. Our findings indicate that miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p function as tumor suppressors, inhibiting MB progression via the ROR2/PI3K/Akt axis, suggesting a key mechanism and therapeutic targets for MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runxi Fu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunkun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Iqbal S, Karim MR, Mohammad S, Mathiyalagan R, Morshed MN, Yang DC, Bae H, Rupa EJ, Yang DU. Multiomics Analysis of the PHLDA Gene Family in Different Cancers and Their Clinical Prognostic Value. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5488-5510. [PMID: 38921000 PMCID: PMC11201736 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The PHLDA (pleckstrin homology-like domain family) gene family is popularly known as a potential biomarker for cancer identification, and members of the PHLDA family have become considered potentially viable targets for cancer treatments. The PHLDA gene family consists of PHLDA1, PHLDA2, and PHLDA3. The predictive significance of PHLDA genes in cancer remains unclear. To determine the role of pleckstrin as a prognostic biomarker in human cancers, we conducted a systematic multiomics investigation. Through various survival analyses, pleckstrin expression was evaluated, and their predictive significance in human tumors was discovered using a variety of online platforms. By analyzing the protein-protein interactions, we also chose a collection of well-known functional protein partners for pleckstrin. Investigations were also carried out on the relationship between pleckstrins and other cancers regarding mutations and copy number alterations. The cumulative impact of pleckstrin and their associated genes on various cancers, Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway analyses were used for their evaluation. Thus, the expression profiles of PHLDA family members and their prognosis in various cancers may be revealed by this study. During this multiomics analysis, we found that among the PHLDA family, PHLDA1 may be a therapeutic target for several cancers, including kidney, colon, and brain cancer, while PHLDA2 can be a therapeutic target for cancers of the colon, esophagus, and pancreas. Additionally, PHLDA3 may be a useful therapeutic target for ovarian, renal, and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.I.); (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (D.-C.Y.)
| | - Md. Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.I.); (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (D.-C.Y.)
| | - Shahnawaz Mohammad
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Md. Niaj Morshed
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.I.); (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (D.-C.Y.)
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.I.); (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (D.-C.Y.)
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyocheol Bae
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Esrat Jahan Rupa
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun 55338, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.I.); (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (D.-C.Y.)
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Xiang Y, Yang Y, Liu J, Yang X. Functional role of MicroRNA/PI3K/AKT axis in osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1219211. [PMID: 37404761 PMCID: PMC10315918 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor that occurs in children and adolescents, and the PI3K/AKT pathway is overactivated in most OS patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved endogenous non-protein-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by repressing mRNA translation or degrading mRNA. MiRNAs are enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway, and aberrant PI3K/AKT pathway activation is involved in the development of osteosarcoma. There is increasing evidence that miRNAs can regulate the biological functions of cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. MiRNA/PI3K/AKT axis can regulate the expression of osteosarcoma-related genes and then regulate cancer progression. MiRNA expression associated with PI3K/AKT pathway is also clearly associated with many clinical features. In addition, PI3K/AKT pathway-associated miRNAs are potential biomarkers for osteosarcoma diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment. This article reviews recent research advances on the role and clinical application of PI3K/AKT pathway and miRNA/PI3K/AKT axis in the development of osteosarcoma.
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Jiang Y, He K. Nanobiotechnological approaches in osteosarcoma therapy: Versatile (nano)platforms for theranostic applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115939. [PMID: 37088317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Constructive achievements in the field of nanobiotechnology and their translation into clinical course have led to increasing attention towards evaluation of their use for treatment of diseases, especially cancer. Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the primary bone malignancies that affects both males and females in childhood and adolescence. Like other types of cancers, genetic and epigenetic mutations account for OS progression and several conventional therapies including chemotherapy and surgery are employed. However, survival rate of OS patients remains low and new therapies in this field are limited. The purpose of the current review is to provide a summary of nanostructures used in OS treatment. Drug and gene delivery by nanoplatforms have resulted in an accumulation of therapeutic agents for tumor cell suppression. Furthermore, co-delivery of genes and drugs by nanostructures are utilized in OS suppression to boost immunotherapy. Since tumor cells have distinct features such as acidic pH, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles have been developed to appropriately target OS. Besides, nanoplatforms can be used for biosensing and providing phototherapy to suppress OS. Furthermore, surface modification of nanoparticles with ligands can increase their specificity and selectivity towards OS cells. Clinical translation of current findings suggests that nanoplatforms have been effective in retarding tumor growth and improving survival of OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - Ke He
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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Doghish AS, Hegazy M, Ismail A, El-Mahdy HA, Elsakka EGE, Elkhawaga SY, Elkady MA, Yehia AM, Abdelmaksoud NM, Mokhtar MM. A spotlight on the interplay of signaling pathways and the role of miRNAs in osteosarcoma pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154442. [PMID: 37031532 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone cancers that constantly affects children, teenagers, and young adults. Numerous epigenetic elements, such as miRNAs, have been shown to influence OS features like progression, initiation, angiogenesis, and treatment resistance. The expression of numerous genes implicated in OS pathogenesis might be regulated by miRNAs. This effect is ascribed to miRNAs' roles in the invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Important OS-related mechanistic networks like the WNT/b-catenin signaling, PTEN/AKT/mTOR axis, and KRAS mutations are also affected by miRNAs. In addition to pathophysiology, miRNAs may influence how the OS reacts to therapies like radiotherapy and chemotherapy. With a focus on how miRNAs affect OS signaling pathways, this review seeks to show how miRNAs and OS are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elkady
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
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Tang C, Qi J, Wu Y, Luo L, Wang Y, Wu Y, Shi X. Improving the prediction for the response to radiotherapy of clinical tumor samples by using combinatorial model of MicroRNA expression. Front Genet 2022; 13:1069112. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1069112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the main treatments for cancer. The response to radiotherapy varies widely between individuals and some patients have poor response to RT treatment due to tumor radioresistance. Stratifying patients according to molecular signatures of individual tumor characteristics can improve clinical treatment. In here, we aimed to use clinical and genomic databases to develop miRNA signatures that can predict response to radiotherapy in various cancer types.Methods: We analyzed the miRNAs profiles using tumor samples treated with RT across eight types of human cancers from TCGA database. These samples were divided into response group (S, n = 224) and progressive disease group (R, n = 134) based on RT response of tumors. To enhance the discrimination for S and R samples, the predictive models based on binary logistic regression were developed to identify the best combinations of multiple miRNAs.Results: The miRNAs differentially expressed between the groups S and R in each caner type were identified. Total 47 miRNAs were identified in eight cancer types (p values <0.05, t-test), including several miRNAs previously reported to be associated with radiotherapy sensitivity. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem cell, NF-κB signal, immune response, cell death, cell cycle, and DNA damage response and DNA damage repair processes were significantly enriched. The cancer-type-specific miRNA signatures were identified, which consist of 2-13 of miRNAs in each caner type. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that the most of individual miRNAs were effective in distinguishing responsive and non-responsive patients (the area under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.606 to 0.889). The patient stratification was further improved by applying the combinatorial model of miRNA expression (AUC ranging from 0.711 to 0.992). Also, five miRNAs that were significantly associated with overall survival were identified as prognostic miRNAs.Conclusion: These mRNA signatures could be used as potential biomarkers selecting patients who will benefit from radiotherapy. Our study identified a series of miRNA that were differentially expressed between RT good responders and poor responders, providing useful clues for further functional assays to demonstrate a possible regulatory role in radioresistance.
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Feng Z, Ou Y, Hao L. The roles of glycolysis in osteosarcoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950886. [PMID: 36059961 PMCID: PMC9428632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is of great significance in the progression of various cancers and is critical for cancer progression, diagnosis, and treatment. Cellular metabolic pathways mainly include glycolysis, fat metabolism, glutamine decomposition, and oxidative phosphorylation. In cancer cells, reprogramming metabolic pathways is used to meet the massive energy requirement for tumorigenesis and development. Metabolisms are also altered in malignant osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Among reprogrammed metabolisms, alterations in aerobic glycolysis are key to the massive biosynthesis and energy demands of OS cells to sustain their growth and metastasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that compared to normal cells, glycolysis in OS cells under aerobic conditions is substantially enhanced to promote malignant behaviors such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of OS. Glycolysis in OS is closely related to various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and numerous signaling pathways have been reported to be involved in the regulation of glycolysis. In recent years, a vast number of inhibitors and natural products have been discovered to inhibit OS progression by targeting glycolysis-related proteins. These potential inhibitors and natural products may be ideal candidates for the treatment of osteosarcoma following hundreds of preclinical and clinical trials. In this article, we explore key pathways, glycolysis enzymes, non-coding RNAs, inhibitors, and natural products regulating aerobic glycolysis in OS cells to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between glycolysis and the progression of OS and discover novel therapeutic approaches targeting glycolytic metabolism in OS.
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Guo C, Liu S, Zhang T, Yang J, Liang Z, Lu S. Knockdown of PHLDA2 promotes apoptosis and autophagy of glioma cells through the AKT/mTOR pathway. J Neurogenet 2022; 36:74-80. [PMID: 35894264 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2096023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2) is an imprinted gene expressed in placenta and has been shown to be associated with tumor progression. However, the effect of PHLDA2 on glioma cell growth has not been reported yet. Data based on TCGA database showed that PHLDA2 was up-regulated in glioma tissues. Moreover, PHLDA2 was also elevated in glioma cells. Functional assays showed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of PHLDA2 reduced cell viability of glioma cells and suppressed the cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis of glioma cells was promoted by silencing of PHLDA2 with increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2. Silencing of PHLDA2 reduced protein expression of p62, enhanced LC3 and Beclin1 to promote autophagy. Phosphorylated AKT and mTOR were down-regulated in glioma cells by interference of PHLDA2. In conclusion, downregulation of PHLDA2 inhibited glioma cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis and autophagy through inactivation of AKT/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Jipeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Zhaohui Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Shengkui Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
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Peng Q, Wang L, Wang S, Wang C, Xue Z. MicoRNA-214-3p: a key player in CPLX2-mediated inhibition on temozolomide resistance in glioma. Neurol Res 2022; 44:879-887. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2064699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Medical Department Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha P.R. China
| | - Lijiao Wang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, P.R. China
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Li Y, Shen Z, Jiang X, Wang Y, Yang Z, Mao Y, Wu Z, Li G, Chen H. Mouse mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-466f-3p reverses EMT process through inhibiting AKT/GSK3β pathway via c-MET in radiation-induced lung injury. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:128. [PMID: 35392967 PMCID: PMC8988379 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a common complication of thoracic radiotherapy. Alveolar epithelial cells play a crucial role in lung fibrosis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells own the beneficial properties to repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods Mouse mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (mMSCs-Exo) were isolated by differential centrifugation, and their protective effects were assessed in vivo and in vitro, respectively. EMT-associated proteins were measured via western blot assay and/or immunofluorescence staining. The miRNA expression was measured by microarray assay and qPCR. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction with KEGG analysis, luciferase assay, and rescue experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying miR-466f-3p. Results mMSCs-Exos were efficiently isolated ranging from 90-150 nm with high expression of exosomal markers (CD63, TSG101, and CD9). mMSCs-Exos administration efficiently relieved radiation-induced lung injury with less collagen deposition and lower levels of IL-1β and IL-6. Meanwhile, in vitro results showed mMSCs-Exos treatment obviously reversed EMT process induced by radiation. Among enriched miRNA cargo in exosomes, miR-466f-3p was primarily responsible for the protective effects via inhibition of AKT/GSK3β pathway. Our mechanistic study further demonstrated that c-MET was the direct target of miR-466f-3p, whose restoration partially abrogated mMSCs-Exo-mediated inhibition in both EMT process and AKT/GSK3β signaling activity induced by radiation. Conclusions Our findings indicated that exosomal miR-466f-3p derived from mMSCs may possess anti-fibrotic properties and prevent radiation-induced EMT through inhibition of AKT/GSK3β via c-MET, providing a promising therapeutic modality for radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02351-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Zhufu Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zuozhang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yuchi Mao
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 354200, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650032, China.
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12
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Yao P, Lu Y, Cai Z, Yu T, Kang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X. Research Progress of Exosome-Loaded miRNA in Osteosarcoma. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221076683. [PMID: 35179996 PMCID: PMC8859673 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221076683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, although the improvement of surgical techniques and the development of chemotherapy drugs have brought a certain degree of development to the treatment of osteosarcoma, the treatment of osteosarcoma has many shortcomings, and its treatment is limited. MiRNAs and exosomes can be used as diagnostic tools, and they play an important role in the occurrence and chemotherapy resistance of osteosarcoma. Therefore, providing a new method for the treatment of osteosarcoma is the key to solving this problem. To systematically summarize the research status of exoskeleton drug-loaded miRNA in osteosarcoma, we identified and evaluated 208 studies and found that exosome-carrying miRNA can be used as an index for the diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcoma and share a certain relationship with chemosensitivity. In addition, exosomes can also be used as a carrier of genetic drugs able to regulate the progression of osteosarcoma. Based on the above findings, we propose suggestions for the future development of this field, aiming to bring new ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yao
- Joint Surgery Department, The Second People's Hospital of Zhangye City, Zhangye, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, 144991Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyan Cai
- Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianci Yu
- Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Kang
- Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Joint Surgery Department, The Second People's Hospital of Zhangye City, Zhangye, China
| | - Xulong Wang
- Joint Surgery Department, The Second People's Hospital of Zhangye City, Zhangye, China
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13
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Dong Z, Liao Z, He Y, Wu C, Meng Z, Qin B, Xu G, Li Z, Sun T, Wen Y, Li G. Advances in the Biological Functions and Mechanisms of miRNAs in the Development of Osteosarcoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221117386. [PMID: 35950243 PMCID: PMC9379803 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors, mainly
occurring in children and adolescents, and is characterized by high morbidity
and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs consisting of 19 to 25
nucleotides, are involved in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and
apoptosis to regulate the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Studies
have found that microRNAs are closely related to the diagnosis, treatment, and
prognosis of osteosarcoma patients and have an important role in improving drug
resistance in osteosarcoma. This paper reviews the role of microRNAs in the
pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and their clinical value, aiming to provide a new
research direction for diagnosing and treating osteosarcoma and achieving a
better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhipeng Liao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yonglin He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chengye Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zixiang Meng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baolong Qin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ge Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tianxin Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuyan Wen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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14
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Fan L, Cao X, Lei Y. MicroRNA miR-23b-3p promotes osteosarcoma by targeting ventricular zone expressed PH domain-containing 1 (VEPH1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12568-12582. [PMID: 34903122 PMCID: PMC8810025 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2010383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated miRNA expression can lead to the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma (OS). Nevertheless, the potential role of miR-23b-3p in OS is unclear and remains to be explored. Microarray analysis was performed to identify key genes involved in OS. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to examine miR-23b-3p expression, ventricular zone expressed PH domain-containing 1 (VEPH1) transcript (as well as other transcripts as indicated), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway-related protein expression. A luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to confirm the regulatory relationship between VEPH1 mRNA and miR-23b-3p. Cell viability was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, cell growth was assessed using the bromodeoxyuridine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cell migration was tested using a wound healing assay. We found significant upregulation of miR-23b-3p in OS, which prominently promoted the viability, proliferation, and migration of OS cells. Additionally, VEPH1 was found to be a target of miR-23b-3p and its expression was decreased in OS. Lastly, VEPH1 alleviated the promotion effect of miR-23b-3p on the malignancy phenotypes of OS cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, miR-23b-3p augmented the viability, proliferation, and migration of OS cells by directly targeting and downregulating VEPH1, which inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanrong Lei
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Prudowsky ZD, Yustein JT. Recent Insights into Therapy Resistance in Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E83. [PMID: 33396725 PMCID: PMC7795058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone malignancy of childhood, has been a challenge to treat and cure. Standard chemotherapy regimens work well for many patients, but there remain minimal options for patients with progressive or resistant disease, as clinical trials over recent decades have failed to significantly improve survival. A better understanding of therapy resistance is necessary to improve current treatments and design new strategies for future treatment options. In this review, we discuss known mechanisms and recent scientific advancements regarding osteosarcoma and its patterns of resistance against chemotherapy, radiation, and other newly-introduced therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Prudowsky
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Ebahimzadeh K, Shoorei H, Mousavinejad SA, Anamag FT, Dinger ME, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in response of cancer cells to radiotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 218:153327. [PMID: 33422780 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective method for treatment of a large proportion of human cancers. Yet, the efficacy of this method is precluded by the induction of radioresistance in tumor cells and the radiation-associated injury of normal cells surrounding the field of radiation. These restrictions necessitate the introduction of modalities for either radiosensitization of cancer cells or protection of normal cells against adverse effects of radiation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have essential roles in the determination of radiosensitivity. Moreover, ncRNAs can modulate radiation-induced side effects in normal cells. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-620, miR-21 and miR-96-5p confer radioresistance, while other miRNAs including miR-340/ 429 confer radiosensitivity. The expression levels of a number of miRNAs are associated with radiation-induced complications such as lung fibrosis or oral mucositis. The expression patterns of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) such as MALAT1, LINC00630, HOTAIR, UCA1 and TINCR are associated with response to radiotherapy. Taken together, lncRNAs and miRNAs contribute both in modulation of response of cancer cells to radiotherapy and in protection of normal cells from the associated side effects. The current review provides an overview of the roles of these transcripts in these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Ebahimzadeh
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavinejad
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marcel E Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Qi YF, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Luo B, Liu W. Down regulation of lactotransferrin enhanced radio-sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 90:107426. [PMID: 33352501 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is reported that LTF had a radiation resistance effect, and its expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was significantly down-regulated. However, the mechanism of down-regulated LTF affecting the sensitivity of radiotherapy has remained elusive. METHODS We re-analyzed the microarray data GSE36972 and GSE48503 to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NPC cell line 5-8 F transfected with LTF or vector control, and the DEGs between radio-resistant and radio-sensitive NPC cell lines. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis of DEGs were performed to obtain the node genes. The target genes of miR-214 were also predicted to complement the mechanism associated with radiotherapy resistance because it could directly target LTF. RESULTS This study identified 1190 and 1279 DEGs, respectively. GO and KEGG analysis showed that apoptotic process and proliferation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were significantly enriched pathways. Four nodes (DUSP1, PPARGC1A, FOS and SMARCA1) associated with LTF were screened. And 42 target genes of miR-214 were cross-linked to radiotherapy sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the possible molecular mechanism that the down-regulated LTF enhances the radiosensitivity of NPC cells through interaction with DUSP1, PPARGC1A, FOS and SMARCA1, and miR-214 as its superior negative regulator may play a role in regulating the radiotherapy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, China; Qingdao Shinan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 90 Xuzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 19 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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Upregulation of KCNQ1OT1 promotes resistance to stereotactic body radiotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma by inducing ATG5/ATG12-mediated autophagy via miR-372-3p. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:883. [PMID: 33082306 PMCID: PMC7575601 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a standard treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer. However, its therapeutic advantages are limited with the development of SBRT resistance. The SBRT-resistant cell lines (A549/IR and H1975/IR) were established after exposure with hypofractionated irradiation. The differential lncRNAs were screened by microarray assay, then the expression was detected in LUAD tumor tissues and cell lines by qPCR. The influence on radiation response was assessed via in vitro and in vivo assays, and autophagy levels were evaluated by western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Bioinformatics prediction and rescue experiments were used to identify the pathways underlying SBRT resistance. High expression of KCNQ1OT1 was identified in LUAD SBRT-resistant cells and tissues, positively associated with a large tumor, advanced clinical stage, and a lower response rate to concurrent therapy. KCNQ1OT1 depletion significantly resensitized A549/IR and H1975/IR cells to radiation by inhibiting autophagy, which could be attenuated by miR-372-3p knockdown. Furthermore, autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) and autophagy-related 12 (ATG12) were confirmed as direct targets of miR-372-3p. Restoration of either ATG5 or ATG12 abrogated miR-372-3p-mediated autophagy inhibition and radiosensitivity. Our data describe that KCNQ1OT1 is responsible for SBRT resistance in LUAD through induction of ATG5- and ATG12-dependent autophagy via sponging miR-372-3p, which would be a potential strategy to enhance the antitumor effects of radiotherapy in LUAD.
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Kim KH, Kim HS, Kim SC, Kim D, Kim YB, Chung HC, Rha SY. Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Akt as a Target for Radiosensitization in Gastric Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:562284. [PMID: 33042843 PMCID: PMC7517358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.562284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the important role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment, a subset of patients responds poorly to treatment majorly due to radioresistance. Particularly the role of radiotherapy has not been established in gastric cancer (GC). Herein, we aimed to identify a radiosensitivity gene signature and to discover relevant targets to enhance radiosensitivity in GC cells. Methods An oligonucleotide microarray (containing 22,740 probes) was performed in 12 GC cell lines prior to radiation. A clonogenic assay was performed to evaluate the survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) as a surrogate marker for radiosensitivity. Genes differentially expressed (fold change > 6, q-value < 0.025) were identified between radiosensitive and radioresistant cell lines, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for validation. Gene set and pathway analyses were performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results Radiosensitive (SF2 < 0.4) and radioresistant cell lines (SF2 ≥ 0.6) exhibited a marked difference in gene expression. We identified 68 genes that are differentially expressed between radiosensitive and radioresistant cell lines. The identified genes showed interactions via AKT, HIF1A, TGFB1, and TP53, and their functions were associated with the genetic networks associated with cellular growth and proliferation, cellular movement, and cell cycle. The Akt signaling pathway exhibited the highest association with radiosensitivity. Combinatorial treatment with MK-2206, an allosteric Akt inhibitor, and radiotherapy significantly increased cell death compared with radiotherapy alone in two radioresistant cell lines (YCC-2 and YCC-16). Conclusion We identified a GC-specific radiosensitivity gene signature and suggest that the Akt signaling pathway could serve as a therapeutic target for GC radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, KCDC, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - DooA Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Bae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Fuselier TT, Lu H. PHLD Class Proteins: A Family of New Players in the p53 Network. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103543. [PMID: 32429563 PMCID: PMC7278972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pleckstrin Homology-like Domain (PHLD) class of proteins are multifunctional proteins. The class is comprised of two families of proteins, PHLDA and PHLDB, each with 3 members. All members of the families possess a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Though identified nearly 30 years ago, this class of proteins remains understudied with PHLDA family members receiving most of the research attention. Recent studies have also begun to reveal the functions of the PHLDB family proteins in regulation of p53 and AKT signaling pathways important for cancer and metabolism. This review will discuss current research and offer some prospects on the possible roles of both families in cancer and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor T. Fuselier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Ou L, Lin H, Song Y, Tan G, Gui X, Li J, Chen X, Deng Z, Lin S. Efficient miRNA Inhibitor with GO-PEI Nanosheets for Osteosarcoma Suppression by Targeting PTEN. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5131-5146. [PMID: 32764941 PMCID: PMC7372002 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s257084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy is considered a novel way to treat osteosarcoma, and microRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma. miR-214 has been found to promote osteosarcoma aggression and metastasis. Graphene oxide (GO) is widely used for gene delivery for the distinct physiochemical properties and minimal cytotoxicity. METHODS Polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized GO complex was well-prepared and loaded with miR-214 inhibitor at different concentrations. The load efficacy was tested by gel retardation assay and the cy3-labeled fluorescence of cellular uptake. The experiments of wound healing, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were performed to measure the inhibitory effect of the miR-214 inhibitor systematically released from the complexes against MG63, U2OS cells and xenograft tumors. RESULTS The systematic mechanistic elucidation of the efficient delivery of the miR-214 inhibitor by GO-PEI indicated that the inhibition of cellular miR-214 caused a decrease in osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration and an increase in apoptosis by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The synergistic combination of the GO-PEI-miR-214 inhibitor and CDDP chemotherapy showed significant cell death. In a xenograft mouse model, the GO-PEI-miR-214 inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor volume growth. CONCLUSION This study indicates the potential of functionalized GO-PEI as a vehicle for miRNA inhibitor delivery to treat osteosarcoma with low toxicity and miR-214 can be a good target for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lingling Ou The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Haiyingjie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Gui
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhendong Deng
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China
- Shaoqiang Lin Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China Email
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22
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Marengo B, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Domenicotti C. miRNA Regulation of Glutathione Homeostasis in Cancer Initiation, Progression and Therapy Resistance. Microrna 2020; 9:187-197. [PMID: 31849293 PMCID: PMC7366003 DOI: 10.2174/2211536609666191218103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant that contributes to regulating the cellular production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which, maintained at physiological levels, can exert a function of second messengers in living organisms. In fact, it has been demonstrated that moderate amounts of ROS can activate the signaling pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation, while high levels of ROS induce DNA damage leading to cancer development. Therefore, GSH is a crucial player in the maintenance of redox homeostasis and its metabolism has a role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. Our recent studies demonstrated that neuroblastoma cells resistant to etoposide, a common chemotherapeutic drug, show a partial monoallelic deletion of the locus coding for miRNA 15a and 16-1 leading to a loss of these miRNAs and the activation of GSH-dependent responses. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the role of specific miRNAs in the modulation of intracellular GSH levels in order to take into consideration the use of modulators of miRNA expression as a useful strategy to better sensitize tumors to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marengo
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Tel: +39 010 3538831; Fax: +39 010 3538836; E-mail:
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23
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Tewari D, Patni P, Bishayee A, Sah AN, Bishayee A. Natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in cancer: A novel therapeutic strategy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 80:1-17. [PMID: 31866476 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are associated with various aspects of cellular functions. These functions play vital roles in quiescence, survival, and growth in normal physiological circumstances as well as in various pathological disorders, including cancer. These two pathways are so intimately connected to each other that in some instances these are considered as one unique pathway crucial for cell cycle regulation. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the role of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in different cancer conditions and the importance of natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. This review also aims to draw the attention of scientists and researchers to the assorted beneficial effects of the numerous classes of natural products for the development of new and safe drugs for possible cancer therapy. We also summarize and critically analyze various preclinical and clinical studies on bioactive compounds and constituents, which are derived from natural products, to target the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway for cancer prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India.
| | - Pooja Patni
- Sharda School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar 382 610, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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