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Hong S, Fu N, Sang S, Ma X, Sun F, Zhang X. Identification and validation of IRF6 related to ovarian cancer and biological function and prognostic value. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:64. [PMID: 38493179 PMCID: PMC10943877 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is a severe gynecological malignancy with significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The discovery of reliable cancer biomarkers can be used to adjust diagnosis and improve patient care. However, serous OC lacks effective biomarkers. We aimed to identify novel biomarkers for OC and their pathogenic causes. METHODS The present study used the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from the "Limma" package and WGCNA modules for intersection analysis to obtain DEGs in OC. Three hub genes were identified-claudin 3 (CLDN3), interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), and prostasin (PRSS8)-by searching for hub genes through the PPI network and verifying them in GSE14407, GSE18520, GSE66957, and TCGA + GTEx databases. The correlation between IRF6 and the prognosis of OC patients was further confirmed in Kaplan-Miller Plotter. RT-qPCR and IHC confirmed the RNA and protein levels of IRF6 in the OC samples. The effect of IRF6 on OC was explored using transwell invasion and scratch wound assays. Finally, we constructed a ceRNA network of hub genes and used bioinformatics tools to predict drug sensitivity. RESULTS The joint analysis results of TCGA, GTEx, and GEO databases indicated that IRF6 RNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated in serous OC and were associated with OS and PFS. Cell function experiments revealed that IRF6 knockdown inhibited SKOV3 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSION IRF6 is closely correlated with OC development and progression and could be considered a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ni Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangyan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, 318020, China
| | - Shanliang Sang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Fangying Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Therapeutic Strategies for Ovarian Cancer in Point of HGF/c-MET Targeting. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050649. [PMID: 35630066 PMCID: PMC9147666 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in women and is regarded as one of the most difficult cancers to treat. Currently, studies are being conducted to develop therapeutic agents for effective treatment of ovarian cancer. In this review, we explain the properties of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) and how the signaling pathway of HGF/c-MET is activated in different cancers and involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer. We present the findings of clinical studies using small chemicals or antibodies targeting HGF/c-MET signaling in various cancer types, particularly in ovarian cancer. We also discuss that HGF/c-MET-targeted therapy, when combined with chemo drugs, could be an effective strategy for ovarian cancer therapeutics.
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Brisset M, Grandin M, Bernet A, Mehlen P, Hollande F. Dependence receptors: new targets for cancer therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14495. [PMID: 34542930 PMCID: PMC8573599 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dependence receptors are known to promote survival and positive signaling such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation when activated, but to actively trigger apoptosis when unbound to their ligand. Their abnormal regulation was shown to be an important feature of tumorigenesis, allowing cancer cells to escape apoptosis triggered by these receptors while promoting in parallel major aspects of tumorigenesis such as proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and chemoresistance. This involvement in multiple cancer hallmarks has raised interest in dependence receptors as targets for cancer therapy. Although additional studies remain necessary to fully understand the complexity of signaling pathways activated by these receptors and to target them efficiently, it is now clear that dependence receptors represent very exciting targets for future cancer treatment. This manuscript reviews current knowledge on the contribution of dependence receptors to cancer and highlights the potential for therapies that activate pro-apoptotic functions of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer ResearchVictorian Comprehensive Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Mélodie Grandin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer ResearchVictorian Comprehensive Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Agnès Bernet
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development LaboratoryCentre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052‐CNRS UMR5286Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development LaboratoryCentre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052‐CNRS UMR5286Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer ResearchVictorian Comprehensive Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
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Klotz DM, Link T, Wimberger P, Kuhlmann JD. Prognostic relevance of longitudinal HGF levels in serum of patients with ovarian cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3626-3638. [PMID: 33738970 PMCID: PMC8637578 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic protein hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the only known ligand of the tyrosine kinase mesenchymal–epithelial transition (cMET) receptor. The HGF/cMET pathway mediates invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells, and upregulation of HGF/cMET pathway components has been associated with poor prognosis. This study investigated the clinical relevance of circulating HGF in serum of patients with ovarian cancer. Serum HGF (sHGF) was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 471 serum samples from 82 healthy controls and 113 patients with ovarian cancer (88.5% with ≥ FIGO III). Patient samples were collected at primary diagnosis and at four follow‐up time points throughout treatment and at disease recurrence. Patients with ovarian cancer showed elevated median sHGF levels at primary diagnosis, and sHGF levels transiently increased after surgery and normalized in the course of chemotherapy, even dropping below initial baseline. Higher levels of sHGF were an independent predictor for shorter overall survival (OS) (a) at primary diagnosis (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22–0.78, P = 0.006), (b) at longitudinal follow‐up time points (after surgery and before/during/after chemotherapy), (c) along the patients’ individual dynamics (HR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.63, P = 0.005), and (d) among a subgroup analysis of patients with BRCA1/2 wild‐type ovarian cancer. This is the first study proposing sHGF as an independent prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer at primary diagnosis and in the course of platinum‐based chemotherapy, irrespective of the postoperative residual disease after surgical debulking. sHGF could be implemented into clinical diagnostics as a CA125 auxiliary tumor marker for individualized prognosis stratification and sHGF‐guided therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martin Klotz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany.,Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Link
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany.,Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany.,Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany.,Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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HGF/MET Signaling in Malignant Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207546. [PMID: 33066121 PMCID: PMC7590206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ligand and its receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) are important regulators of cellular processes such as proliferation, motility, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. In healthy adult somatic cells, this ligand and receptor pair is expressed at low levels and has little activity except when tissue injuries arise. In cancer cells, HGF/MET are often overexpressed, and this overexpression is found to correlate with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and poorer overall prognosis. This review focuses on the signaling of these molecules in the context of malignant brain tumors. RTK signaling pathways are among the most common and universally dysregulated pathways in gliomas. We focus on the role of HGF/MET in the following primary malignant brain tumors: astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, and embryonal central nervous system tumors (including medulloblastomas and others). Brain metastasis, as well as current advances in targeted therapies, are also discussed.
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The c-MET oncoprotein: Function, mechanisms of degradation and its targeting by novel anti-cancer agents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129650. [PMID: 32522525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c-MET oncoprotein drives cancer progression in a variety of tumors through its signaling transduction pathways. This oncoprotein is also degraded by multiple mechanisms involving the lysosome, proteasome and cleavage by proteases. Targeting c-MET degradation pathways may result in effective therapeutic strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW Since the discovery of oncogenic functions of c-MET, there has been a great deal of effort to develop anti-cancer drugs targeting this oncoprotein. Unexpectedly, novel di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones that demonstrate marked anti-tumor activity, down-regulate c-MET through their ability to bind intracellular iron and via mechanisms including, down-regulation of MET mRNA, enhanced lysosomal processing and increased metalloprotease-mediated cleavage. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The c-MET oncoprotein regulation and degradation pathways are complex. However, with increasing understanding of its degradation mechanisms, there is also greater opportunities to therapeutically target these pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the mechanisms of degradation of c-MET protein and its regulation could lead to novel therapeutics.
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Kim ST, Hong JY, Park SH, Park JO, Park YW, Park N, Lee H, Hong SH, Lee SJ, Song SW, Kim K, Park YS, Lim HY, Kang WK, Nam DH, Lee JW, Park K, Kim KM, Lee J. First-in-human phase I trial of anti-hepatocyte growth factor antibody (YYB101) in refractory solid tumor patients. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920926796. [PMID: 32536979 PMCID: PMC7268171 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920926796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background YYB101, a humanized monoclonal antibody against hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has shown safety and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. This is a first-in-human trial of this antibody. Materials and Methods YYB101 was administered intravenously to refractory cancer patients once every 4 weeks for 1 month, and then once every 2 weeks until disease progression or intolerable toxicity, at doses of 0.3, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg, according to a 3+3 dose escalation design. Maximum tolerated dose, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were studied. HGF, MET, PD-L1, and ERK expression was evaluated for 9 of 17 patients of the expansion cohort (20 mg/kg). Results In 39 patients enrolled, no dose-limiting toxicity was observed at 0.3 mg/kg, and the most commonly detected toxicity was generalized edema (n = 7, 18.9%) followed by pruritis and nausea (n = 5, 13.5%, each), fatigue, anemia, and decreased appetite (n = 4, 10.8%, each). No patient discontinued treatment because of adverse events. YYB101 showed dose-proportional pharmacokinetics up to 30 mg/kg. Partial response in 1 (2.5%) and stable disease in 17 (43.5%) were observed. HGF, MET, PD-L1, and ERK proteins were not significant predictors for treatment response. However, serum HGF level was significantly lowered in responders upon drug administration. RNA sequencing revealed a mesenchymal signature in two long-term responders. Conclusion YYB101 showed favorable safety and efficacy in patients with refractory solid tumors. Based on this phase I trial, a phase II study on the YYB101 + irinotecan combination in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients is planned. Conclusion ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02499224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Young Whan Park
- National OncoVenture, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Neunggyu Park
- National OncoVenture, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Hukeun Lee
- National OncoVenture, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Sung Hee Hong
- National OncoVenture, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Song-Jae Lee
- CellabMED Inc, Guro-gu, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Seong-Won Song
- CellabMED Inc, Guro-gu, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Kyung Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
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