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Sabour-Takanlou M, Sabour-Takanlou L, Biray-Avci C. EZH2-associated tumor malignancy: A prominent target for cancer treatment. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 38881299 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The discussion in this review centers around the significant relationships between EZH2 and the initiation, progression, metastasis, metabolism, drug resistance, and immune regulation of cancer. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which encompass two primary Polycomb repressor complexes (PRC1 and PRC2), have been categorized. PRC2 consists mainly of four subunits, namely EZH2, EED, SUZ12, and RbAp46/48. As the crucial catalytic component within the PRC2 complex, EZH2 plays a pivotal role in controlling a wide range of biological processes. Overexpression/mutations of EZH2 have been detected in a wide variety of tumors. Several mechanisms of EZH regulation have been identified, including regulation EZH2 mRNA by miRNAs, LncRNAs, accessibility to DNA via DNA-binding proteins, post-translational modifications, and transcriptional regulation. EZH2 signaling triggers cancer progression and may intervene with anti-tumor immunity; therefore it has charmed attention as an effective therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Numerouss nucleic acid-based therapies have been used in the modification of EZH2. In addition to gene therapy approaches, pharmaceutical compounds can be used to target the EZH2 signaling pathway in the treatment of cancer. EZH2-associated tumor cells and immune cells enhance the effects of the immune response in a variety of human malignancies. The combination of epigenetic modifying agents, such as anti-EZH2 compounds with immunotherapy, could potentially be efficacious even in the context of immunosuppressive tumors. Summary, understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance to EZH2 inhibitors may facilitate the development of novel drugs to prevent or treat relapse in treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cigir Biray-Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Lin H, Liu C, Hu A, Zhang D, Yang H, Mao Y. Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:31. [PMID: 38720342 PMCID: PMC11077829 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby confounding conventional therapeutic interventions. Despite the established treatment regimen comprising surgical intervention, radiotherapy, temozolomide administration, and the exploration of emerging modalities such as immunotherapy and integration of medicine and engineering technology therapy, the efficacy of these approaches remains constrained, resulting in suboptimal prognostic outcomes. In recent years, intensive scrutiny of the inhibitory and immunosuppressive milieu within GBM has underscored the significance of cellular constituents of the GBM microenvironment and their interactions with malignant cells and neurons. Novel immune and targeted therapy strategies have emerged, offering promising avenues for advancing GBM treatment. One pivotal mechanism orchestrating immunosuppression in GBM involves the aggregation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), glioma-associated macrophage/microglia (GAM), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Among these, MDSCs, though constituting a minority (4-8%) of CD45+ cells in GBM, play a central component in fostering immune evasion and propelling tumor progression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. MDSCs deploy intricate immunosuppressive mechanisms that adapt to the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the interplay between GBM and MDSCs provides a compelling basis for therapeutic interventions. This review seeks to elucidate the immune regulatory mechanisms inherent in the GBM microenvironment, explore existing therapeutic targets, and consolidate recent insights into MDSC induction and their contribution to GBM immunosuppression. Additionally, the review comprehensively surveys ongoing clinical trials and potential treatment strategies, envisioning a future where targeting MDSCs could reshape the immune landscape of GBM. Through the synergistic integration of immunotherapy with other therapeutic modalities, this approach can establish a multidisciplinary, multi-target paradigm, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanwu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Yu H, Xu X, Zhu L, Chen S, He J. MELK aggravates lung adenocarcinoma by regulating EZH2 ubiquitination and H3K27me3 histone methylation of LATS2. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18216. [PMID: 38652219 PMCID: PMC11037405 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We tried to elucidate the possible roles of maternal embryonic leucine pull chain kinase (MELK) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) growth and metastasis. Differentially expressed genes in LUAD samples were analysed by the GEPIA database. Clinical tissue samples and cells were collected for MELK, EZH2 and LATS2 expression determination. Co-IP assay was used to verify the interaction between EZH2 and MELK; CHX tracking assay and ubiquitination assay detected the degradation of MELK on EZH2 ubiquitination. ChIP assay detected the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 on the LATS2 promoter region. LUAD cells were selected for in vitro validation, and the tumorigenic ability of LUAD cells was also observed in a transplantation tumour model of LUAD nude mice. MELK and EZH2 were highly expressed in LUAD samples, while LATS2 was lowly expressed. MELK interacted with EZH2 to inhibit its ubiquitination degradation; EZH2 elevated H3K27me3 modification in the LATS2 promoter to lower LATS2 expression. Silencing MELK or EZH2 or overexpressing LATS2 restrained LUAD cell proliferation and invasion, and facilitated their apoptosis. Silencing MELK or EZH2 or overexpressing LATS2 suppressed tumour formation in nude mice. This study demonstrated that MELK aggravated LUAD by upregulating EZH2 and downregulating LATS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Xianrong Xu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Lirong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Shengjie Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Jincheng He
- Surgical DepartmentDanyang Maternal and Child Health HospitalDanyangChina
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Wang D, Zou F, Li Y, Hu J, Gao L. Targeting MELK improves PD-1 blockade efficiency in cervical cancer via enhancing antitumor immunity. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200759. [PMID: 38596298 PMCID: PMC10869760 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) has a critical function in determining intratumoral immune response and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The level of maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is reported to correlate with infiltration of immune cells in cancers, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clarified. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the potential function of MELK in cervical cancer. We found that MELK was upregulated and played an oncogenic role in cervical cancer. MELK overexpression shifted Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 predisposition in mouse cervical tumors in vivo and naive T cells from human PBMCs in vitro, whereas MELK knockdown exhibited opposite effects. MELK overexpression activated NF-κB signaling and promoted IL-6 secretion by cervical cancer cells. Depletion of IL-6 by neutralization antibodies abrogated the influence of MELK on Th1/Th2 balance. In addition, MELK modulated the antitumor activity of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in cervical tumors, but depletion of Th2 cells by IL-4 neutralization abrogated this effect. Finally, MELK overexpression conferred tolerance to PD-1 blockade in cervical tumors, whereas targeting MELK by OTSSP167 significantly enhanced PD-1 blockade efficiency. Our data elucidated a novel role of MELK in regulating Th1/Th2 balance and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjiao Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinqiu Hu
- Pathology Teaching and Research Office, Changchun Medical College, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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5
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Stitzlein LM, Adams JT, Stitzlein EN, Dudley RW, Chandra J. Current and future therapeutic strategies for high-grade gliomas leveraging the interplay between epigenetic regulators and kinase signaling networks. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:12. [PMID: 38183103 PMCID: PMC10768151 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies, including small molecule inhibitors directed against aberrant kinase signaling and chromatin regulators, are emerging treatment options for high-grade gliomas (HGG). However, when translating these inhibitors into the clinic, their efficacy is generally limited to partial and transient responses. Recent studies in models of high-grade gliomas reveal a convergence of epigenetic regulators and kinase signaling networks that often cooperate to promote malignant properties and drug resistance. This review examines the interplay between five well-characterized groups of chromatin regulators, including the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family, bromodomain and extraterminal (BET)-containing proteins, protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family, Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), and various signaling pathways essential for cancer cell growth and progression. These specific epigenetic regulators were chosen for review due to their targetability via pharmacological intervention and clinical relevance. Several studies have demonstrated improved efficacy from the dual inhibition of the epigenetic regulators and signaling kinases. Overall, the interactions between epigenetic regulators and kinase signaling pathways are likely influenced by several factors, including individual glioma subtypes, preexisting mutations, and overlapping/interdependent functions of the chromatin regulators. The insights gained by understanding how the genome and epigenome cooperate in high-grade gliomas will guide the design of future therapeutic strategies that utilize dual inhibition with improved efficacy and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M Stitzlein
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Box 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack T Adams
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Box 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Richard W Dudley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Box 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Ahmed MM, Lateef MA, Elwan A, Fouad EM, Elsayed DH, Abdelnour HM, Abdullatif A. Prognostic Value of Immunohistochemical Expression of MTAP and AKIP1 in IDH1 Mutant Astrocytoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3875-3882. [PMID: 38019246 PMCID: PMC10772751 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.11.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Definite treatment for glioma is not exist, and with increased drug resistance, more effort should be paid to identify new prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets for therapy for glioma patients. AIM The current study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of MTAP and A-Kinase Interacting Protein 1 (AKIP1) in astrocytoma and to investigate their association with the clinicopathological characters of these cases. METHODS Totally 66 cases of astrocytoma patients involved in this study. Cases underwent tumor resection and tissue sections were stained with MTAP, AKIP1 and IDH1 by IHC and evaluated in different grades of astrocytoma and their association with survival and response to therapy was investigated. RESULTS High AKIP1 expression was positively correlated with treatment resistance and progressive disease. Positive IDH and retained MTAP expressions had shown better treatment response rather than negative IDH and lost MTAP. High AKIP, negative IDH and loss of MTAP expressions were significantly associated with poor survival outcome. CONCLUSION Irrespective to grade and IDH status, the loss of MTAP immunoreactivity and high AKIP1 expression are predictive factors in astrocytoma, and they may be used as a biomarker for guiding astrocytoma management and prognosis surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mostafa Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A Lateef
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Amira Elwan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Enas M Fouad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | | | - Hanim M Abdelnour
- Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Abdullatif
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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Dewdney B, Jenkins MR, Best SA, Freytag S, Prasad K, Holst J, Endersby R, Johns TG. From signalling pathways to targeted therapies: unravelling glioblastoma's secrets and harnessing two decades of progress. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:400. [PMID: 37857607 PMCID: PMC10587102 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a rare, and highly lethal form of brain cancer, poses significant challenges in terms of therapeutic resistance, and poor survival rates for both adult and paediatric patients alike. Despite advancements in brain cancer research driven by a technological revolution, translating our understanding of glioblastoma pathogenesis into improved clinical outcomes remains a critical unmet need. This review emphasises the intricate role of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms, and metabolic functions in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and therapeutic resistance. We also discuss the extensive efforts over the past two decades that have explored targeted therapies against these pathways. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as antibody-toxin conjugates or CAR T cell therapies, offer potential by specifically targeting proteins on the glioblastoma cell surface. Combination strategies incorporating protein-targeted therapy and immune-based therapies demonstrate great promise for future clinical research. Moreover, gaining insights into the role of cell-of-origin in glioblastoma treatment response holds the potential to advance precision medicine approaches. Addressing these challenges is crucial to improving outcomes for glioblastoma patients and moving towards more effective precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Dewdney
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Misty R Jenkins
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Best
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Krishneel Prasad
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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8
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Zhao G, Deng Z, Li X, Wang H, Chen G, Feng M, Zhou Y. Targeting EZH2 regulates the biological characteristics of glioma stem cells via the Notch1 pathway. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2409-2418. [PMID: 37644332 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor, and its behavior is closely related to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). We found that the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is highly expressed in glioma and that its expression is correlated with the prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in two databases: The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas. Additionally, EZH2 is known to regulate the stemness-associated gene expression, proliferation, and invasion ability of GSCs, which may be achieved through the activation of the STAT3 and Notch1 pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effect of the EZH2-specific inhibitor GSK126 on GSCs; these results not only corroborate our hypothesis, but also provide a potential novel treatment approach for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zhitong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xuetao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Youxin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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9
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El Baba R, Pasquereau S, Haidar Ahmad S, Monnien F, Abad M, Bibeau F, Herbein G. EZH2-Myc driven glioblastoma elicited by cytomegalovirus infection of human astrocytes. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02709-3. [PMID: 37147437 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence is identifying human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as a potential oncogenic virus. HCMV has been detected in malignant gliomas. EZH2 and Myc play a potential oncogenic role, correlating with the glioma grade. Herewith, we present the first experimental evidence for HCMV as a reprogramming vector, straight through the dedifferentiation of mature human astrocytes, and generation of CMV-Elicited Glioblastoma Cells (CEGBCs) possessing glioblastoma-like traits. HCMV counterparts the progression of the perceived cellular and molecular mechanisms succeeding the transformation and invasion processes with CEGBCs involved in spheroid formation and invasiveness. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) biopsies were characterized by an elevated EZH2 and Myc expression, possessing a strong positive correlation between the aforementioned markers in the presence of HCMV. From GBM tissues, we isolated HCMV clinical strains that transformed HAs toward CEGBCs exhibiting upregulated EZH2 and Myc. Spheroids generated from CEGBCs possessed invasion potential and were sensitive to EZH2 inhibitor, ganciclovir, and temozolomide triple therapy. HCMV clinical strains transform HAs and fit with an HCMV-induced glioblastoma model of oncogenesis, and supports the tumorigenic properties of Myc and EZH2 which might be highly pertinent in the pathophysiology of astrocytic brain tumors and thereby paving the way for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim El Baba
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sébastien Pasquereau
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Marine Abad
- Department of Pathology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Georges Herbein
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
- Department of Virology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France.
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10
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Kaur P, Verma S, Kushwaha PP, Gupta S. EZH2 and NF-κB: A context-dependent crosstalk and transcriptional regulation in cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216143. [PMID: 36958695 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications regulate critical biological processes that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), a subunit of the Polycomb-Repressive Complex 2, catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3 on Lys 27 (H3K27) involved in gene silencing. EZH2 is amplified in human cancers and has roles in regulating several cellular processes, including survival, proliferation, invasion, and self-renewal. Though EZH2 is responsible for gene silencing through its canonical role, it also regulates the transcription of several genes promoting carcinogenesis via its non-canonical role. Constitutive activation of Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of human malignancies. NF-κB is essential for regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and is one of the most important molecules that increases survival during carcinogenesis. Given the evidence that increased survival and proliferation are essential for tumor development and their association with epigenetic modifications, it seems plausible that EZH2 and NF-κB crosstalk may promote cancer progression. In this review, we expand on how EZH2 and NF-κB regulate cellular responses during cancer and their crosstalk of the canonical and non-canonical roles in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Kaur
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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11
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Tang BF, Yan RC, Wang SW, Zeng ZC, Du SS. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase in tumor cell and tumor microenvironment: Emerging player and promising therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216126. [PMID: 36933780 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is a member of the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) protein family, which is widely and highly expressed in multiple cancer types. Through direct and indirect interactions with other proteins, it mediates various cascades of signal transduction processes and plays an important role in regulating tumor cell survival, growth, invasion and migration and other biological functions. Interestingly, MELK also plays an important role in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, which can not only predict the responsiveness of immunotherapy, but also affect the function of immune cells to regulate tumor progression. In addition, more and more small molecule inhibitors have been developed for the target of MELK, which exert important anti-tumor effects and have achieved excellent results in a number of clinical trials. In this review, we outline the structural features, molecular biological functions, potential regulatory mechanisms and important roles of MELK in tumors and tumor microenvironment, as well as substances targeting MELK. Although many molecular mechanisms of MELK in the process of tumor regulation are still unknown, it is worth affirming that MELK is a potential tumor molecular therapeutic target, and its unique superiority and important role provide clues and confidence for subsequent basic research and scientific transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Fu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Fenglin Road 188, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Yan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Fenglin Road 188, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Chong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Fenglin Road 188, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Suo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Fenglin Road 188, 200030, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Sabu A, Liu TI, Ng SS, Doong RA, Huang YF, Chiu HC. Nanomedicines Targeting Glioma Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:158-181. [PMID: 35544684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), classified as a grade IV glioma, is a rapidly growing, aggressive, and most commonly occurring tumor of the central nervous system. Despite the therapeutic advances, it carries an ominous prognosis, with a median survival of 14.6 months after diagnosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer stem cells in GBM, termed glioma stem cells (GSCs), play a crucial role in tumor propagation, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence. GSCs, possessing the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, are responsible for tumor growth and heterogeneity, leading to primary obstacles to current cancer therapy. In this respect, increasing efforts have been devoted to the development of anti-GSC strategies based on targeting GSC surface markers, blockage of essential signaling pathways of GSCs, and manipulating the tumor microenvironment (GSC niches). In this review, we will discuss the research knowledge regarding GSC-based therapy and the underlying mechanisms for the treatment of GBM. Given the rapid progression in nanotechnology, innovative nanomedicines developed for GSC targeting will also be highlighted from the perspective of rationale, advantages, and limitations. The goal of this review is to provide broader understanding and key considerations toward the future direction of GSC-based nanotheranostics to fight against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sabu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Te-I Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Siew Suan Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Amirmahani F, Vallian S, Asadi MH. The LncRNA MIAT is identified as a regulator of stemness-associated transcript in glioma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:517-530. [PMID: 36352177 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with altered expression in different diseases and malignancies. In this study, the potential expression and function of lncRNA MIAT in intuition and progression of brain cancer was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS At first, TCGA data analysis demonstrated that lncRNA MIAT is significantly upregulated in various malignancies, especially its expression is dramatically elevated in brain tumors. In line with the data, we further evaluated the expression of MIAT in a series of brain tumor tissue, and our results revealed that the expression of MIAT was noticeably overexpressed in glioblastoma (p = < 0.0001). We further found that the expression of MIAT was markedly upregulated in low-grade brain tumors rather than high-grade ones. To further investigate the biological function of MIAT in brain cancer cells, its expression was suppressed by si-RNA-mediated knocking down. Inhibition of MIAT resulted in reduced proliferation of brain tumor cells followed by cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and significant induction of apoptosis, and senescence, but limited the migration ability and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). Moreover, knocking-down of MIAT reduced the expression of stemness factors, followed by upregulation of their downstream miRNAs (micro RNAs), let-7a-5p, and miR-29b-3p. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data demonstrated that lncRNA MIAT could control proliferation, migration, and metastasis of brain cancer cells via regulating the Nanog/ Sox2 / let-7a-5p / miR-29b-3p axis. This data could introduce lncRNA MIAT as a novel oncogene in brain cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Amirmahani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sadeq Vallian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Malek Hossein Asadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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14
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High EZH2 Protein Expression Is a Poor Prognostic Predictor in IDH1 R132H-Negative Gliomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102383. [PMID: 36292072 PMCID: PMC9600772 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data indicates that enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are implicated in promoting tumourigenesis in a myriad of malignancies including gliomas. We aimed to determine the immunoexpression of EZH2 in gliomas and its correlation with clinicopathological variables. The prognostic value of the combined immunoexpression of EZH2 and IDH1 was further explored in a retrospective analysis involving 56 patients with histologically confirmed gliomas in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre from 2010 to 2016. The patients were then followed up for a period of five years. EZH2 and IDH1 R132H immunoexpressions were performed and analysed on respective tissue blocks. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan−Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to evaluate the value of EZH2 as an independent factor for the prediction of PFS and OS. High EZH2 immunoexpression was demonstrated in 27 (48.2%) gliomas. High EZH2 expression was significantly correlated with older age (p = 0.003), higher tumour grade (p < 0.001), negative IDH1 R132H immunoexpression (p = 0.039), a poor 5-year PFS (mean = 9.7 months, p < 0.001) and 5-year OS (mean = 28.2 months, p = 0.007). In IDH1 R132H-negative gliomas, there was a trend toward shorter 5-year PFS (mean = 8.0 months, p = 0.001) and 5-year OS (mean = 28.7 months, p = 0.06) in gliomas demonstrating high EZH2 expression compared with those with low EZH2 expression. High EZH2 immunoexpression is an unfavourable independent prognostic predictor of poor survival in gliomas. EZH2 analysis might therefore be of clinical value for risk stratification, especially in patients with IDH1 R132H-negative gliomas.
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15
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EZH2 as a new therapeutic target in brain tumors: Molecular landscape, therapeutic targeting and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112532. [PMID: 34906772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The brain tumor treatment depends on identification of molecular pathways involved in progression and malignancy. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has obtained much attention in recent years in field of cancer therapy due to its aberrant expression and capacity in modulating expression of genes by binding to their promoter and affecting methylation status. The present review focuses on EZH2 signaling in brain tumors including glioma, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, ependymomas, medulloblastoma and brain rhabdoid tumors. EZH2 signaling mainly participates in increasing proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. However, in medulloblastoma, EZH2 demonstrates tumor-suppressor activity. Furthermore, EZH2 can regulate response of brain tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Various molecular pathways can function as upstream mediators of EZH2 in brain tumors including lncRNAs and miRNAs. Owing to its enzymatic activity, EZH2 can bind to promoter of target genes to induce methylation and affects their expression. EZH2 can be considered as an independent prognostic factor in brain tumors that its upregulation provides undesirable prognosis. Both anti-tumor agents and gene therapies such as siRNA have been developed for targeting EZH2 in cancer therapy.
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16
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Liu H, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Jin W, Gordon RE, Zhang Y, Wang J, Sun C, Wang ZJ, Qi X, Zhang J, Huang B, Gui Q, Yuan H, Chen L, Ma X, Fang C, Liu YQ, Yu X, Feng S. Pro-inflammatory and proliferative microglia drive progression of glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109718. [PMID: 34525361 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scant understanding of the glioblastoma microenvironment and molecular bases hampers development of efficient treatment strategies. Analyses of gene signatures of human gliomas demonstrate that the SETD2 mutation is correlated with poor prognosis of IDH1/2 wild-type (IDH-WT) adult glioblastoma patients. To better understand the crosstalk between SETD2 mutant (SETD2-mut) glioblastoma cells and the tumor microenvironment, we leverage single-cell transcriptomics to comprehensively map cellular populations in glioblastoma. In this study, we identify a specific subtype of high-grade glioma-associated microglia (HGG-AM). Further analysis shows that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 derived from SETD2-mut/IDH-WT tumor cells activates HGG-AM, exhibiting pro-inflammation and proliferation signatures. Particularly, HGG-AM secretes interleukin (IL)-1β via the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-mediated NLRP1 inflammasome, thereby promoting tumor progression. HGG-AM present extensive proliferation and infiltration to supplement the activated microglia pool. Notably, TGF-β1/TβRI depletion dramatically reduces HGG-AM density and suppresses tumor growth. Altogether, our studies identify a specific microglia subpopulation and establish the cellular basis of interactions between HGG-AM and glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China; Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10070, P.R. China
| | - Youliang Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Medical Laboratory Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China; Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Pathology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | | | - Yanyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zeyuan John Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xueling Qi
- Department of Neuro-Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Boyuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing 100073, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Gui
- Department of Pathology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Cancer Hospital/National Cancer Center, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 122311, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Xinguang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
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17
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Lang X, Chen Z, Yang X, Yan Q, Xu M, Liu W, He Q, Zhang Y, Cheng W, Zhao W. Scutellarein induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian cancer via inhibition of EZH2/FOXO1 signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22870. [PMID: 34350670 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Scutellarein, a flavone found in the perennial herb Scutellaria baicalensis, has antitumorigenic activity in multiple human cancers. However, whether scutellarein can attenuate ovarian cancer (OC) is unclear. This study investigated the effects of scutellarein in OC. In vitro cell viability was assessed using MTT assay whereas proliferation was assessed using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by an Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to determine cell migration and invasion. The differential expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) was measured by Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. We found that scutellarein inhibited viability, migration, invasion of A2780 and SKOV-3 cells, and reduced the expression of EZH2 in OC cells. In addition, FOXO1 was downregulated in OC tissues and cells and negatively regulated by EZH2. Also, scutellarein inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, scutellarein alleviates OC by the regulation of EZH2/FOXO1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manfei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Gu J, Wang J, You A, Li J, Zhang Y, Rao G, Ge X, Zhang K, Liu X, Wang D. MiR-137 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma via targeting to regulate EZH2. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1157-1165. [PMID: 34160745 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are common malignant tumors in the nervous system, known for poor prognosis and low survival rate. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore functions of miR-137 in glioma progression and identify messenger RNAs (mRNA) regulated by miR-137, which provides new ideas for further exploration of glioma therapeutic targets. METHODS Gene expression data were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database, and abnormally expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in glioma were analyzed. The expression of genes in 20 pairs of clinical tissue samples and glioma cell lines were detected through qRT-PCR, and the expression of proteins was detected through Western blot. Changes in cell proliferative level after transfection were detected via CCK8 assay, and changes in cell migratory and invasive abilities were detected by Transwell assay. Besides, dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to testify binding relationship between two genes. RESULTS Our study found that miR-137 was significantly and lowly expressed in glioma tissue and cell lines, and the prognoses of glioma patients with highly expressed miR-137 were more optimistic. Overexpressed miR-137 could remarkably inhibit proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities of glioma cells U87, while transfection of miR-137 inhibitor presented an opposite effect. Additionally, EZH2 was a direct target of miR-137 and overexpressed EZH2 effectively reversed the effect of miR-137 on glioma proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that miR-137 could suppress the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells through regulating the expression of EZH2. So far, we have found a novel regulatory pair that influences glioma progression, providing a basis for further development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Gu
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntong Wang
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiwu You
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guomin Rao
- The Fourth Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Ge
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- The Second Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongchun Wang
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, North District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Bownes LV, Williams AP, Marayati R, Stafman LL, Markert H, Quinn CH, Wadhwani N, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Yoon KJ, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. EZH2 inhibition decreases neuroblastoma proliferation and in vivo tumor growth. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246244. [PMID: 33690617 PMCID: PMC7942994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the mechanisms responsible for aggressive neuroblastoma and its poor prognosis is critical to identify novel therapeutic targets and improve survival. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is known to play a key role in supporting the malignant phenotype in several cancer types and knockdown of EZH2 has been shown to decrease tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesized that the EZH2 inhibitor, GSK343, would affect cell proliferation and viability in human neuroblastoma. We utilized four long-term passage neuroblastoma cell lines and two patient-derived xenolines (PDX) to investigate the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor, GSK343, on viability, motility, stemness and in vivo tumor growth. Immunoblotting confirmed target knockdown. Treatment with GSK343 led to significantly decreased neuroblastoma cell viability, migration and invasion, and stemness. GSK343 treatment of mice bearing SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma tumors resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth compared to vehicle-treated animals. GSK343 decreased viability, and motility in long-term passage neuroblastoma cell lines and decreased stemness in neuroblastoma PDX cells. These data demonstrate that further investigation into the mechanisms responsible for the anti-tumor effects seen with EZH2 inhibitors in neuroblastoma cells is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hooper Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nikita Wadhwani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jamie M. Aye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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20
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Shen S, Yao Y. A-kinase interacting protein 1 is sufficiently expressed and positively associates with WHO grade, meanwhile predicts unfavorable overall survival independently in glioma patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e20426. [PMID: 33530151 PMCID: PMC7850662 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association of A-kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) with clinical characteristics, and further explore the prognostic value of AKIP1 in glioma patients.Totally 168 glioma patients who underwent tumor resection were analyzed, and their tumor tissue specimens were acquired for the detection of AKIP1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which was scored by a semi-quantitative method considering staining intensity and staining density.According to AKIP1 expression in tumor tissues of glioma patients, there were 65 (38.7%) patients with AKIP1 low expression (IHC score 0-3), 48 (28.6%) patients with AKIP1 high + expression (IHC score 4-6), 42 (25.0%) patients with AKIP1 high++ expression (IHC score 7-9) and 13 (7.7%) patients with AKIP1 high+++ expression (IHC score 10-12), respectively. AKIP1 expression was positively associated with World Health Organization grade. Overall survival (OS) was the lowest in the patients with AKIP1 high+++ expression, followed by those with AKIP1 high++ expression and those with AKIP1 high+ expression, and highest in those with AKIP1 low expression. Further subgroup analysis exhibited that AKIP1 expression was negatively associated with OS especially in high-grade glioma patients. In addition, AKIP1 expression was negatively associated with OS in all subgroups of patients with/without adjuvant radiotherapy, with/without adjuvant chemotherapy. Further multivariate Cox's regression exhibited that AKIP1 high expression was an independent predictive factor for worse OS.AKIP1 presents with the potential to be a novel biomarker for tumor management and prognosis surveillance in glioma patients.
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21
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Ou A, Ott M, Fang D, Heimberger AB. The Role and Therapeutic Targeting of JAK/STAT Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:437. [PMID: 33498872 PMCID: PMC7865703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains one of the deadliest and treatment-refractory human malignancies in large part due to its diffusely infiltrative nature, molecular heterogeneity, and capacity for immune escape. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway contributes substantively to a wide variety of protumorigenic functions, including proliferation, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, stem cell maintenance, and immune suppression. We review the current state of knowledge regarding the biological role of JAK/STAT signaling in glioblastoma, therapeutic strategies, and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ou
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Martina Ott
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
| | - Dexing Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
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22
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EZH2-mediated lncRNA ABHD11-AS1 promoter regulates the progression of ovarian cancer by targeting miR-133a-3p. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:269-277. [PMID: 33491971 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a wide range of biological and pathological processes in ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EZH2-mediated ABHD11-AS1 promoter on the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. The expression levels of EZH2, ABHD11-AS1 and miR-133a-3p were examined in ovarian cancer tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation was evaluated using cell counting kit 8 assay, and cell invasion/migration was determined using a Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. Dual luciferase assay was performed to confirm the interaction between ABHD11-AS1 and miR-133a-3p. The binding site of H3K27me3 on ABHD11-AS1 promoter was confirmed by ChIP. The expression of ABHD11-AS1 was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer samples, and its levels were closely associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and 3-year survival rate. Furthermore, interference of ABHD11-AS1 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, while cell apoptosis was promoted. Additionally, miR-133a-3p could be a novel target of ABHD11-AS1, and EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 protein might bind to ABHD11-AS1 promoter directly. Moreover, rescue experiments indicated that the effects caused by ABHD11-AS1 knockdown on the malignant characteristics of ovarian cancer cells were notably enhanced by miR-133a-3p mimics, whereas the influences on cell growth and metastasis induced by overexpressed ABHD11-AS1 were abrogated by the restoration of miR-133a-3p expression. In summary, EZH2-mediated enrichment of H3K27me3 on ABHD11-AS1 promoter could regulate the progression of ovarian cancer via miR-133a-3p. Therefore, EZH2/ABHD11-AS1/miR-133a-3p axis might be a putative candidate for targeted treatment of ovarian cancer.
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23
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Preclinical Experimental Applications of miRNA Loaded BMSC Extracellular Vesicles. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:471-501. [PMID: 33398717 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been investigated for many years, especially for tissue regeneration, and have inherent limitations. One of the rapidly developing fields in the scientific world in recent years is extracellular vesicles. Especially, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell originated extracellular vesicles are known to have positive contributions in tissue regeneration, and these extracellular vesicles have also been used as gene transfer systems for cellular therapy. Through gene expression analysis and bioinformatics tools, it is possible to determine which genes have changed in the targeted tissue or cell and which miRNAs that can correct this gene expression disorder. This approach connecting the stem cell, extracellular vesicles, epigenetics regulation and bioinformatics fields is one of the promising areas for the treatment of diseases in the future. With this review, it is aimed to present the studies carried out for the use of bone marrow stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with targeted miRNAs in different in vivo and in vitro human disease models and to discuss recent developments in this field.
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24
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Ou A, Yung WKA, Majd N. Molecular Mechanisms of Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E351. [PMID: 33396284 PMCID: PMC7794986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults and is almost invariably fatal. Despite our growing understanding of the various mechanisms underlying treatment failure, the standard-of-care therapy has not changed over the last two decades, signifying a great unmet need. The challenges of treating glioblastoma are many and include inadequate drug or agent delivery across the blood-brain barrier, abundant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, redundant signaling pathways, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review the innate and adaptive molecular mechanisms underlying glioblastoma's treatment resistance, emphasizing the intrinsic challenges therapeutic interventions must overcome-namely, the blood-brain barrier, tumoral heterogeneity, and microenvironment-and the mechanisms of resistance to conventional treatments, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. K. Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Nazanin Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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25
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Liu HL, Wang YN, Feng SY. Brain tumors: Cancer stem-like cells interact with tumor microenvironment. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1439-1454. [PMID: 33505594 PMCID: PMC7789119 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) with potential of self-renewal drive tumorigenesis. Brain tumor microenvironment (TME) has been identified as a critical regulator of malignancy progression. Many researchers are searching new ways to characterize tumors with the goal of predicting how they respond to treatment. Here, we describe the striking parallels between normal stem cells and CSCs. We review the microenvironmental aspects of brain tumors, in particular composition and vital roles of immune cells infiltrating glioma and medulloblastoma. By highlighting that CSCs cooperate with TME via various cellular communication approaches, we discuss the recent advances in therapeutic strategies targeting the components of TME. Identification of the complex and interconnected factors can facilitate the development of promising treatments for these deadly malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Yu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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26
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Wang J, Zhang Y, You A, Li J, Gu J, Rao G, Ge X, Zhang K, Fu H, Liu X, Li J, Wang Q, Wu X, Cheng L, Zhu M, Wang D. HAS2-AS1 Acts as a Molecular Sponge for miR-137 and Promotes the Invasion and Migration of Glioma Cells by Targeting EZH2. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2826-2835. [PMID: 33064966 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1826237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism by which HAS2-AS1 acts as a ceRNA to promote the invasion and migration of glioma cells, which will provide a novel potential target for the targeted therapy of glioma. Gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical data were accessed from the TCGA_LGG and TCGA_GBM databases and then differential analysis was conducted using the "edgeR" package. miRDB, miRTarBase and TargetScan databases were employed to predict target genes and sequentially a ceRNA network was constructed. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect gene expression in glioma cells. Transwell assay was operated to assess cell migratory and invasive abilities. Western blot was conducted to evaluate the protein expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation experiment were performed to validate the targeting relationship between genes. HAS2-AS1 was markedly upregulated in glioma, and the overall survival time of patients with high HAS2-AS1 expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with low one. Silencing HAS2-AS1 inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells, while overexpressing HAS2-AS1 produced opposite results. miR-137 was validated as a direct target of and negatively regulated by HAS2-AS1. Further exploration of the downstream target gene indicated that EZH2 competed with HAS2-AS1 to interact with miR-137. Suppressing miR-137 or up-regulating EZH2 reversed the impact of HAS2-AS1 knockdown on glioma cell invasion and migration. HAS2-AS1 regulates EZH2 by sponging miR-137 for the migratory and invasive abilities of glioma cells, which provides a new idea for exploring metastasis mechanism of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntong Wang
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Aiwu You
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Jingshun Gu
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Guomin Rao
- The Fourth Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Xuehua Ge
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Haoyu Fu
- The Department of Radiology, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Qianchao Wang
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaotang Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation , Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation , Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation , Shanghai, China
| | - Dongchun Wang
- The Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan, China
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27
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Critical role of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) in gliomas. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1525-1546. [PMID: 32978667 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research, gliomas are associated with high morbidity and mortality, mainly attributed to the rapid growth rate, excessive invasiveness, and molecular heterogeneity, as well as regenerative potential of cancer stem cells. Therefore, elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the identification of potential molecular diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are of paramount importance. HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a well-studied long noncoding RNA, playing an emerging role in tumorigenesis of several human cancers. A growing amount of preclinical and clinical evidence highlights the pro-oncogenic role of HOTAIR in gliomas, mainly attributed to the enhancement of proliferation and migration, as well as inhibition of apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that HOTAIR modulates the activity of specific transcription factors, such as MXI1, E2F1, ATF5, and ASCL1, and regulates the expression of cell cycle-associated genes along with related signaling pathways, like the Wnt/β-catenin axis. Moreover, it can interact with specific miRNAs, including miR-326, miR-141, miR-148b-3p, miR-15b, and miR-126-5p. Of importance, HOTAIR has been demonstrated to enhance angiogenesis and affect the permeability of the blood-tumor barrier, thus modulating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we provide evidence on the functional role of HOTAIR in gliomas and discuss the benefits of its targeting as a novel approach toward glioma treatment.
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28
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Molecular Characterization of Astrocytoma Progression Towards Secondary Glioblastomas Utilizing Patient-Matched Tumor Pairs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061696. [PMID: 32604718 PMCID: PMC7352509 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytomas are primary human brain tumors including diffuse or anaplastic astrocytomas that develop towards secondary glioblastomas over time. However, only little is known about molecular alterations that drive this progression. We measured multi-omics profiles of patient-matched astrocytoma pairs of initial and recurrent tumors from 22 patients to identify molecular alterations associated with tumor progression. Gene copy number profiles formed three major subcluters, but more than half of the patient-matched astrocytoma pairs differed in their gene copy number profiles like astrocytomas from different patients. Chromosome 10 deletions were not observed for diffuse astrocytomas, but occurred in corresponding recurrent tumors. Gene expression profiles formed three other major subclusters and patient-matched expression profiles were much more heterogeneous than their copy number profiles. Still, recurrent tumors showed a strong tendency to switch to the mesenchymal subtype. The direct progression of diffuse astrocytomas to secondary glioblastomas showed the largest number of transcriptional changes. Astrocytoma progression groups were further distinguished by signaling pathway expression signatures affecting cell division, interaction and differentiation. As expected, IDH1 was most frequently mutated closely followed by TP53, but also MUC4 involved in the regulation of apoptosis and proliferation was frequently mutated. Astrocytoma progression groups differed in their mutation frequencies of these three genes. Overall, patient-matched astrocytomas can differ substantially within and between patients, but still molecular signatures associated with the progression to secondary glioblastomas exist and should be analyzed for their potential clinical relevance in future studies.
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29
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Harachi M, Masui K, Honda H, Muragaki Y, Kawamata T, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS, Shibata N. Dual Regulation of Histone Methylation by mTOR Complexes Controls Glioblastoma Tumor Cell Growth via EZH2 and SAM. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1142-1152. [PMID: 32366675 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation known for DNA methylation and histone modification is critical for securing proper gene expression and chromosomal function, and its aberration induces various pathologic conditions including cancer. Trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is known to suppress various genes related to cancer cell survival and the level of H3K27me3 may have an influence on tumor progression and malignancy. However, it remains unclear how histone methylation is regulated in response to genetic mutation and microenvironmental cues to facilitate the cancer cell survival. Here, we report a novel mechanism of the specific regulation of H3K27me3 by cooperatively two mTOR complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2 in human glioblastoma (GBM). Integrated analyses revealed that mTORC1 upregulates the protein expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2, a main component of polycomb repressive complex 2 which is known as H3K27-specific methyltransferase. The other mTOR complex, mTORC2, regulates production of S-adenosylmethionine, an essential substrate for histone methylation. This cooperative regulation causes H3K27 hypermethylation which subsequently promotes tumor cell survival both in vitro and in vivo xenografted mouse tumor model. These results indicate that activated mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes cooperatively contribute to tumor progression through specific epigenetic regulation, nominating them as an exploitable therapeutic target against cancer. IMPLICATIONS: A dynamic regulation of histone methylation by mTOR complexes promotes tumor growth in human GBM, but at the same time could be exploitable as a novel therapeutic target against this deadly tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Harachi
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Masui
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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