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Zhong T, Cheng X, Gu Q, Fu G, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Xu J, Jiang Z. Integrated analyses reveal the diagnostic and predictive values of COL5A2 and association with immune environment in Crohn's disease. Genes Immun 2024; 25:209-218. [PMID: 38789829 PMCID: PMC11178494 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) involves abnormal immune cell infiltration and dysregulated immune response. Therefore, thorough research on immune cell abnormalities in CD is crucial for improved treatment of this disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data of CD were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks evaluated the proportion of immune infiltrating cells, constructed co-expression network and identified key genes, respectively. Based on the dataset (GSE134809), 15 cell clusters were defined and labeled as different cell types. Among the 11 modules, the yellow module had the closest relationship with plasma cells (cluster 5). Confirmed using RNA sequencing and IHC assay, the expression of COL5A2 in CD samples was higher than that in control samples. Furthermore, the COL5A2 protein expression remarkably decreased in the group of patients who responded to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatments, compared to the non-response group. The comprehensive analyses described here provided novel insight into the landscape of CD-associated immune environment. In addition, COL5A2 were identified as potential diagnostic indicators for CD, as well as promising predictive markers for CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianru Gu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoxiang Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhinong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Liu K, Wang L, Lou Z, Guo L, Xu Y, Qi H, Fang Z, Mei L, Chen X, Zhang X, Shao J, Xiang X. E2F8 exerts cancer-promoting effects by transcriptionally activating RRM2 and E2F8 knockdown synergizes with WEE1 inhibition in suppressing lung adenocarcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115854. [PMID: 37863324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is a rate-limiting enzyme that facilitates DNA replication and repair by reducing nucleotide diphosphates (NDPs) to deoxyribonucleotide diphosphates (dNDPs) and is thereby crucial for cell proliferation and cancer development. The E2F family of transcription factors includes key regulators of gene expression involved in cell cycle control. In this study, E2F8 expression was significantly increased in most cancer tissues of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and was correlated with the expression of RRM2 through database and clinical samples analysis. The protein expression of E2F8 and RRM2 were positively correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) pathological stage, and high expression of E2F8 and RRM2 predicted a low 5-year overall survival rate in LUAD patients. Overexpression and knockdown experiments showed that E2F8 was essential for LUAD cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle progression, which were RRM2-dependent. Reporter gene, ChIP-qPCR, and DNA pulldown-Western blot assays indicated that E2F8 activated the transcription of the RRM2 gene by directly binding with the RRM2 promoter in LUAD cells. Previous studies indicated that inhibition of WEE1 kinase can suppress the phosphorylation of CDK1/2 and promote the degradation of RRM2. We further showed here that the combination of E2F8 knockdown with MK-1775, an inhibitor of WEE1 being evaluated in clinical trials, synergistically suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of LUAD cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this study reveals a novel role of E2F8 as a proto-oncogenic transcription activator by activating RRM2 expression in LUAD, and targeting both the transcription and degradation mechanisms of RRM2 could produce a synergistic inhibitory effect for LUAD treatment in addition to conventional inhibition of RR enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanling Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zejun Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingming Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xueping Xiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Zhan Y, Tao Q, Lang Z, Lin L, Li X, Yu S, Yu Z, Zhou G, Wu K, Zhou Z, Yu Z, Zheng J. Serum ribonucleotide reductase M2 is a potential biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29157. [PMID: 37814947 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
It is known that ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) could be induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) via DNA damage response. However, whether RRM2 is a potential biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is still unclear. In this study, CHB patients from GSE84044 (a transcriptome data from GEO data set) were downloaded and RRM2 was selected as a hub gene. Interestingly, a positive correlation was found between serum RRM2 and liver fibrosis stage. The similar results were found in CHB patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Notably, RRM2 could effectively differentiate preliminary fibrosis from advanced fibrosis in CHB patients with/without normal ALT. In addition, RRM2 had a better performance in diagnosing liver fibrosis than two commonly used noninvasive methods (aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and fibrosis index based on the four factors), two classic fibrotic biomarkers (hyaluronic acid and type IV collagen) as well as Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer, a known serum fibrosis marker. Moreover, CHB patients with high RRM2, who were associated with advanced fibrosis, had higher expressions of immune checkpoints. Overall, serum RRM2 may be a promising biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring liver fibrosis in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Lang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lifan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinmiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suhui Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhenxu Zhou
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Kitab B, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Regulatory Role of Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunit M2 in Hepatocyte Growth and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032619. [PMID: 36768940 PMCID: PMC9916403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) frequently causes chronic infection in the human liver, which may progress to advanced hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV primarily infects highly differentiated quiescent hepatocytes and can modulate cell cycle-regulatory genes and proliferation pathways, which ultimately contribute to persistent infection and pathogenesis. On the other hand, several studies have shown differential regulation of HCV RNA and viral protein expression levels, depending on the proliferation state of hepatocytes and the phase of the cell cycle. HCV typically requires factors provided by host cells for efficient and persistent viral replication. Previously, we found that HCV infection upregulates the expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) in quiescent hepatocytes. RRM2 is a rate-limiting protein that catalyzes de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, and its expression is highly regulated during various phases of the cell cycle. RRM2 functions as a pro-viral factor essential for HCV RNA synthesis, but its functional role in HCV-induced liver diseases remains unknown. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the role of the hepatocyte cell cycle, in correlation with RRM2 expression, in the regulation of HCV replication. We also discuss the potential relevance of this protein in the pathogenesis of HCV, particularly in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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He J, Wei Q, Jiang R, Luan T, He S, Lu R, Xu H, Ran J, Li J, Chen D. The Core-Targeted RRM2 Gene of Berberine Hydrochloride Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion via the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010042. [PMID: 36678539 PMCID: PMC9861674 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine hydrochloride (BBR) could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of various cancer cells. As the only enzyme for the de novo synthesis of ribonucleotides, RRM2 is closely related to the development of tumorigenesis. However, not much is currently known about the functional roles of RRM2 in breast cancer (BRCA), and whether BBR regulates the migration and invasion of BRCA cells by regulating the expression of RRM2 remains to be determined. We study the effects of BBR on BRCA cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo by using colony formation assays, EdU assays, and xenograft models. Transcriptome sequencing, the random forest algorithm, and KEGG analysis were utilized to explore the therapeutic target genes and relative pathways. The expression of RRM2 in BRCA patients was analyzed with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, the GEPIA website tool, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the UALCAN database. The survival probability of BRCA patients could be predicted by survival curve and nomogram analysis. Molecular docking was used to explore the affinity between BBR and potential targets. Gain- and loss-of-function methods were employed to explore the biological process in RRM2 participants. We comprehensively investigated the pharmacological characteristics of BBR on BRCA cell lines and discovered that BBR could inhibit the proliferation of BRCA cells in vitro and in vivo. Combining transcriptome sequencing and KEGG analysis, we found that BBR mainly affected the biological behavior of BRCA cells via HIF-1α and AMPK signal pathways. Additionally, by using bioinformatics and molecular docking, we demonstrated that RRM2 plays an oncogenic role in BRCA samples and that it acts as the hub gene of BBR on BRCA cells. Knockdown and overexpression studies indicated that RRM2 promoted BRCA cell migration as well as invasion in vitro by affecting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our study demonstrated the significance of BBR regulating HIF-1α and AMPK signaling pathways in BRCA cells. Moreover, we revealed the carcinogenic role and potential mechanism of RRM2 as a core regulatory factor of BBR in BRCA in controlling BRCA invasion, migration, and EMT, suggesting that RRM2 may be a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for BRCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming He
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tiankuo Luan
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuang He
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruijin Lu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Dilong Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (D.C.)
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Li P, Yuan H, Kuang X, Zhang T, Ma L. Network module function enrichment analysis of lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31798. [PMID: 36451444 PMCID: PMC9704934 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are the two major subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer that pose a serious threat to human health. However, both subtypes currently lack effective indicators for early diagnosis. METHODS To identify tumor-specific indicators and predict cancer-related signaling pathways, LUSC and LUAD gene weighted co-expression networks were constructed. Combined with clinical data, core genes in LUSC and LUAD modules were then screened using protein-protein interaction networks and their functions and pathways were analyzed. Finally, the effect of core genes on survival of LUSC and LUAD patients was evaluated. RESULTS We identified 12 network modules in LUSC and LUAD, respectively. LUSC modules "purple" and "green" and LUAD modules "brown" and "pink" are significantly associated with overall survival and clinical traits of tumor node metastasis, respectively. Eleven genes from LUSC and eight genes from LUAD were identified as candidate core genes, respectively. Survival analysis showed that high expression of SLIT3, ABI3BP, MYOCD, PGM5, TNXB, and DNAH9 are associated with decreased survival in LUSC patients. Furthermore, high expression of BUB1, BUB1B, TTK, and UBE2C are associated with lower patient survival. CONCLUSIONS We found biomarker genes and biological pathways for LUSC and LUAD. These network hub genes are associated with clinical characteristics and patient outcomes and they may play important roles in LUSC and LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Li
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuemei Kuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- * Correspondence: Lei Ma, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China (e-mail: )
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Li P, Kuang X, Zhang T, Ma L. Shared network pattern of lung squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma illuminates therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer. Front Surg 2022; 9:958479. [PMID: 36263088 PMCID: PMC9576184 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.958479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor with high mortality. Lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are the common subtypes of NSCLC. However, how LUSC and LUAD are compatible remains to be elucidated. Methods We used a network approach to find highly interconnected genes shared with LUSC and LUAD, and we then built modules to assess the degree of preservation between them. To quantify this result, Z-scores were used to summarize the interrelationships between LUSC and LUAD. Furthermore, we correlated network hub genes with patient survival time to identify risk factors. Results Our findings provided a look at the regulatory pattern for LUSC and LUAD. For LUSC, several genes, such as AKR1C1, AKR1C2, and AKR1C3, play key roles in regulating network modules of cell growth pathways. In addition, CCL19, CCR7, CCL21, and LY9 are enriched in LUAD network modules of T lymphocyte-related pathways. LUSC and LUAD have similar expressed gene expression patterns. Their networks share 46 hub genes with connectivity greater than 0.9. These genes are correlated with patient survival time. Among them, the expression level of COL5A2 in LUSC and LUAD is higher than that in normal tissues, which is closely related to the poor prognosis of LUSC and LUAD patients. Conclusion LUSC and LUAD share a network pattern. COL5A2 may be a risk factor in poor prognosis in LUSC and LUAD. The common landscape of LUSC and LUAD will help better define the regulation of NSCLC candidate genes and achieve the goals of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Li
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Region, China
| | - Xuemei Kuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Region, China,Correspondence: Tingting Zhang Lei Ma
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Region, China,Correspondence: Tingting Zhang Lei Ma
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Identification of Monobenzone as a Novel Potential Anti-Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Agent That Inhibits RNR and Suppresses Tumour Growth in Mouse Xenograft Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194710. [PMID: 36230632 PMCID: PMC9564123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The clinical treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia is still dominated by chemotherapy. Clinically used anti-leukaemia drugs have shortcomings such as myelosuppression, toxicity and drug resistance. Therefore, the need to develop other chemotherapeutic drugs to meet more clinical needs is urgent. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) consists of a catalytic large subunit M1 (RRM1) and a regulatory small subunit M2 (RRM2), which provides dNTPs for DNA synthesis. The rapid proliferation of cancer cells requires large amounts of dNTPs. Therefore, the use of RNR inhibitors is a promising strategy for the clinical treatment of various malignancies. Monobenzone is an FDA-approved depigmenting agent for vitiligo patients. In this study, we demonstrate that monobenzone is a potent inhibitor of RNR enzyme activity by targeting RRM2 protein, and thus has significant anti-leukaemia efficacy in vitro and in vivo. This finding suggests that monobenzone has the potential to be optimized as a novel anti-AML therapeutic drug in the future. Abstract Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is one of the most common types of haematopoietic malignancy. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a key enzyme required for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, and its small subunit RRM2 plays a key role for the enzymatic activity. We predicted monobenzone (MB) as a potential RRM2 target compound based on the crystal structure of RRM2. In vitro, MB inhibited recombinant RNR activity (IC50 = 0.25 μM). Microscale thermophoresis indicated that MB inhibited RNR activity by binding to RRM2. MB inhibited cell proliferation (MTT IC50 = 6–18 μM) and caused dose-dependent DNA synthesis inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in AML cells. The cell cycle arrest was reversed by the addition of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates precursors, suggesting that RNR was the intracellular target of the compound. Moreover, MB overcame drug resistance to the common AML drugs cytarabine and doxorubicin, and treatment with the combination of MB and the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect. Finally, the nude mice xenografts study indicated that MB administration produced a significant inhibitory effect on AML growth with relatively weak toxicity. Thus, we propose that MB has the potential as a novel anti-AML therapeutic agent in the future.
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Mobarra N, Gholamalizadeh H, Abdulhussein KA, Raji S, Taheri Asl F, Mirvahabi MS, Rafiee M, Pakzad R. Serum level and tumor tissue expression of Ribonucleotide-diphosphate Reductase subunit M2 B: a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3657-3663. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Long MJC, Ly P, Aye Y. Still no Rest for the Reductases: Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) Structure and Function: An Update. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:155-197. [PMID: 36151376 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a multidisciplinary discussion of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the essential enzyme uniquely responsible for conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. This chapter primarily presents an overview of this multifaceted and complex enzyme, covering RNR's role in enzymology, biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and cell biology. It further focuses on RNR from mammals, whose interesting and often conflicting roles in health and disease are coming more into focus. We present pitfalls that we think have not always been dealt with by researchers in each area and further seek to unite some of the field-specific observations surrounding this enzyme. Our work is thus not intended to cover any one topic in extreme detail, but rather give what we consider to be the necessary broad grounding to understand this critical enzyme holistically. Although this is an approach we have advocated in many different areas of scientific research, there is arguably no other single enzyme that embodies the need for such broad study than RNR. Thus, we submit that RNR itself is a paradigm of interdisciplinary research that is of interest from the perspective of the generalist and the specialist alike. We hope that the discussions herein will thus be helpful to not only those wanting to tackle RNR-specific problems, but also those working on similar interdisciplinary projects centering around other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J C Long
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIL, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Phillippe Ly
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPFL SB ISIC LEAGO, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- EPFL SB ISIC LEAGO, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ni L, Li Z, Ren H, Kong L, Chen X, Xiong M, Zhang X, Ning B, Li J. Berberine inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell growth through repressing DNA repair and replication rather than through apoptosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:134-144. [PMID: 34448246 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At present, there are still many problems in the treatment of lung cancer, such as high cost, side effects and low quality of life. The advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of lung cancer are reflected. Berberine has been increasingly popular in colorectal cancer treatment, but little is known about its bioactivity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cDNA microarray, gene and protein expression, and NSCLC transplanted tumour growth were performed. Berberine suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and inhibited NSCLC tumour growth in subcutaneously transplanted tumour lung tumour models, leading to prolonged survival of tumour-bearing mice. However, berberine did not induce the cleavage of Caspase 3 and PARP1, and could not induce apoptosis in all NSCLC cells. Moreover, 646 genes were differentially expressed upon berberine administration, which were involved in seven signal pathways, such as DNA replication. In cDNA microarray, berberine downregulated the expression of RRM1, RRM2, LIG1, POLE2 that involving DNA repair and replication. Our findings demonstrate that berberine inhibits NSCLC cells growth through repressing DNA repair and replication rather than through apoptosis. Berberine could be used as a promising therapeutic candidate for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ni
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongli Ren
- The Institute of Science, Technology and Humanities, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingzhong Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation Acupuncture Medicine, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengrui Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bingbing Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangan Li
- Department of Emergency, Wuxi No 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
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12
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Liu Q, Guo L, Qi H, Lou M, Wang R, Hai B, Xu K, Zhu L, Ding Y, Li C, Xie L, Shen J, Xiang X, Shao J. A MYBL2 complex for RRM2 transactivation and the synthetic effect of MYBL2 knockdown with WEE1 inhibition against colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:683. [PMID: 34234118 PMCID: PMC8263627 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is a unique enzyme for the reduction of NDPs to dNDPs, the building blocks for DNA synthesis and thus essential for cell proliferation. Pan-cancer profiling studies showed that RRM2, the small subunit M2 of RR, is abnormally overexpressed in multiple types of cancers; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms in cancers are still unclear. In this study, through searching in cancer-omics databases and immunohistochemistry validation with clinical samples, we showed that the expression of MYBL2, a key oncogenic transcriptional factor, was significantly upregulated correlatively with RRM2 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Ectopic expression and knockdown experiments indicated that MYBL2 was essential for CRC cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle progression in an RRM2-dependent manner. Mechanistically, MYBL2 directly bound to the promoter of RRM2 gene and promoted its transcription during S-phase together with TAF15 and MuvB components. Notably, knockdown of MYBL2 sensitized CRC cells to treatment with MK-1775, a clinical trial drug for inhibition of WEE1, which is involved in a degradation pathway of RRM2. Finally, mouse xenograft experiments showed that the combined suppression of MYBL2 and WEE1 synergistically inhibited CRC growth with a low systemic toxicity in vivo. Therefore, we propose a new regulatory mechanism for RRM2 transcription for CRC proliferation, in which MYBL2 functions by constituting a dynamic S-phase transcription complex following the G1/early S-phase E2Fs complex. Doubly targeting the transcription and degradation machines of RRM2 could produce a synthetic inhibitory effect on RRM2 level with a novel potential for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Lou
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boning Hai
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kailun Xu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Ding
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingdan Xie
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Xiang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang R, Xu Z, Tian J, Liu Q, Dong J, Guo L, Hai B, Liu X, Yao H, Chen Z, Xu J, Zhu L, Chen H, Hou T, Zhu W, Shao J. Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and HBV replication by targeting ribonucleotide reductase M2 protein. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2975-2989. [PMID: 34249439 PMCID: PMC8263682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most deadly diseases all around the world. HBV infection is a causative factor of HCC and closely associated with HCC development. Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is a key enzyme for cellular DNA synthesis and RR small subunit M2 (RRM2) is highly upregulated in HCC with poor survival rates. We have previously shown that HBV can activate the expression of RRM2 and the activity of RR enzyme for the viral DNA replication in host liver cells. Thus, RRM2 may be an important therapeutic target for HCC and HBV-related HCC. Pterostilbene, a natural plant component, potently inhibited in vitro RR enzyme activity with the IC50 of about 0.62 μM through interacting with RRM2 protein, which was much higher than current RRM2 inhibitory drugs. Pterostilbine inhibited cell proliferation with an MTT IC50 of about 20-40 μM in various HCC cell lines, causing DNA synthesis inhibition, cell cycle arrest at S phase, and accordingly apoptosis. On the other hand, the compound significantly inhibited HBV DNA replication in HBV genome integrated and newly transfected HCC cells, and the EC50 for inhibiting HBV replication was significantly lower than the IC50 for inhibiting HCC proliferation. Notably, pterostilbene possessed a similar inhibitory activity in sorafenib and lamivudine resistant HCC cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of pterostilbine against HCC proliferation and HBV replication were significantly reversed by addition of dNTP precursors, suggesting that RR was the intracellular target of the compound. Finally, pterostilbine effectively inhibited HCC xenograft growth with a relatively low toxicity in nude mouse experiments. This study demonstrates that pterostilbene is a novel potent RR inhibitor by targeting RRM2. It can simultaneously inhibit HCC proliferation and HBV replication with a potential new use for treatment of HCC and HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Jiaping Tian
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Dong
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Boning Hai
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Haiyi Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
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Large-Scale Differential Gene Expression Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies a Metabolic Signature Shared by All Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050701. [PMID: 32365991 PMCID: PMC7277211 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-dependent metabolic rewiring is often manifested by selective expression of enzymes essential for the transformed cells’ viability. However, the metabolic variations between normal and transformed cells are not fully characterized, and therefore, a systematic analysis will result in the identification of unknown cellular mechanisms crucial for tumorigenesis. Here, we applied differential gene expression transcriptome analysis to examine the changes in metabolic gene profiles between a wide range of normal tissues and cancer samples. We found that, in contrast to normal tissues which exhibit a tissue-specific expression profile, cancer samples are more homogenous despite their diverse origins. This similarity is due to a “proliferation metabolic signature” (PMS), composed of 158 genes (87 upregulated and 71 downregulated gene sets), where 143 are common to all proliferative cells but 15 are cancer specific. Intriguingly, the PMS gene set is enriched for genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes, and its upregulated set with genes associated with poor patient outcome and essential genes. Among these essential genes is ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase (RPE), which encodes a pentose phosphate pathway enzyme and whose role in cancer is still unclear. Collectively, we identified a set of metabolic genes that can serve as novel cancer biomarkers and potential targets for drug development.
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