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Thapa R, Moglad E, Afzal M, Gupta G, Bhat AA, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Pant K, Ali H, Paudel KR, Dureja H, Singh TG, Singh SK, Dua K. ncRNAs and their impact on dopaminergic neurons: Autophagy pathways in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102327. [PMID: 38734148 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex neurological illness that causes severe motor and non-motor symptoms due to a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The aetiology of PD is influenced by a variety of genetic, environmental, and cellular variables. One important aspect of this pathophysiology is autophagy, a crucial cellular homeostasis process that breaks down and recycles cytoplasmic components. Recent advances in genomic technologies have unravelled a significant impact of ncRNAs on the regulation of autophagy pathways, thereby implicating their roles in PD onset and progression. They are members of a family of RNAs that include miRNAs, circRNA and lncRNAs that have been shown to play novel pleiotropic functions in the pathogenesis of PD by modulating the expression of genes linked to autophagic activities and dopaminergic neuron survival. This review aims to integrate the current genetic paradigms with the therapeutic prospect of autophagy-associated ncRNAs in PD. By synthesizing the findings of recent genetic studies, we underscore the importance of ncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy, how they are dysregulated in PD, and how they represent novel dimensions for therapeutic intervention. The therapeutic promise of targeting ncRNAs in PD is discussed, including the barriers that need to be overcome and future directions that must be embraced to funnel these ncRNA molecules for the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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2
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Thangavelu L, Moglad E, Gupta G, Menon SV, Gaur A, Sharma S, Kaur M, Chahar M, Sivaprasad GV, Deorari M. GAS5 lncRNA: A biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155424. [PMID: 38909406 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality globally, and its aggressive phenotype results in poor treatment outcomes. Growth Arrest-Specific 5 long non-coding RNA has attracted considerable attention due to its pivotal function in apoptosis regulation and tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer. Gas5 enhances apoptosis by regulating apoptotic proteins, such as caspases and BCL2 family proteins, and the sensitivity of BCCs to chemotherapeutic agents. At the same time, low levels of GAS5 increased invasion, metastasis, and overall tumor aggressiveness. GAS5 also regulates EMT markers, critical for cancer metastasis, and influences tumor cell proliferation by regulating various signaling components. As a result, GAS5 can be restored to suppress tumor development as a possible therapeutic strategy, which might present promising prospects for a patient's treatment. Its activity levels might also be a crucial indicator and diagnostic parameter for prediction. This review highlights the significant role of GAS5 in modulating apoptosis and tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome-Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Soumya V Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashish Gaur
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Snehlata Sharma
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjheri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Mamata Chahar
- Department of Chemistry, NIMS University, Jaipur, India
| | - G V Sivaprasad
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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3
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Liu ZY, Tang JM, Yang MQ, Yang ZH, Xia JZ. The role of LncRNA-mediated autophagy in cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1348894. [PMID: 38933333 PMCID: PMC11199412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1348894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a sort of transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. In recent years, many studies have revealed the modulatory role of lncRNAs in cancer. Typically, lncRNAs are linked to a variety of essential events, such as apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and the invasion of malignant cells. Simultaneously, autophagy, an essential intracellular degradation mechanism in eukaryotic cells, is activated to respond to multiple stressful circumstances, for example, nutrient scarcity, accumulation of abnormal proteins, and organelle damage. Autophagy plays both suppressive and promoting roles in cancer. Increasingly, studies have unveiled how dysregulated lncRNAs expression can disrupt autophagic balance, thereby contributing to cancer progression. Consequently, exploring the interplay between lncRNAs and autophagy holds promising implications for clinical research. In this manuscript, we methodically compiled the advances in the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs and autophagy and briefly summarized the implications of the lncRNA-mediated autophagy axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-yuan Liu
- Gastroenterological Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-ming Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meng-qi Yang
- Gastroenterological Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhi-hui Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-zeng Xia
- Gastroenterological Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
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4
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Xu D, Wang W, Wang D, Ding J, Zhou Y, Zhang W. Long noncoding RNA MALAT-1: A versatile regulator in cancer progression, metastasis, immunity, and therapeutic resistance. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:388-406. [PMID: 38511067 PMCID: PMC10950606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins but have been linked to cancer development and metastasis. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) influences crucial cancer hallmarks through intricate molecular mechanisms, including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The current article highlights the involvement of MALAT-1 in drug resistance, making it a potential target to overcome chemotherapy refractoriness. It discusses the impact of MALAT-1 on immunomodulatory molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and PD-L1, leading to immune evasion and hindering anti-tumor immune responses. MALAT-1 also plays a significant role in cancer immunology by regulating diverse immune cell populations. In summary, MALAT-1 is a versatile cancer regulator, influencing tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and immunotherapy responses. Understanding its precise molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies, and therapeutic strategies targeting MALAT-1 show promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes. However, further research is needed to fully uncover the role of MALAT-1 in cancer biology and translate these findings into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Electrodiagnosis, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yunan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
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5
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Sabet Sarvestani F, Afshari A, Azarpira N. The role of non-protein-coding RNAs in ischemic acute kidney injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1230742. [PMID: 38390339 PMCID: PMC10881863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1230742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a condition characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function within a span of 48 hours. It is influenced by various factors including inflammation, oxidative stress, excessive calcium levels within cells, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and dysfunction in microcirculation. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is recognized as a major cause of AKI; however, the precise mechanisms behind this process are not yet fully understood and effective treatments are still needed. To enhance the accuracy of diagnosing AKI during its early stages, the utilization of innovative markers is crucial. Numerous studies suggest that certain noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a central role in regulating gene expression and protein synthesis. These ncRNAs are closely associated with the development and recovery of AKI and have been detected in both kidney tissue and bodily fluids. Furthermore, specific ncRNAs may serve as diagnostic markers and potential targets for therapeutic interventions in AKI. This review aims to summarize the functional roles and changes observed in noncoding RNAs during ischemic AKI, as well as explore their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Baili E, Gazouli M, Lazaris AC, Kanavidis P, Boura M, Michalinos A, Charalabopoulos A, Liakakos T, Alexandrou A. Genetic Impact of HOTAIR, LINC00951, POLR2E and HULC Polymorphisms in Histopathological and Laboratory Prognostic Factors in Esophageal Cancer in the West: A Case-Control Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:537. [PMID: 38339289 PMCID: PMC10854877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs' HOTAIR rs920778, LINC00951 rs11752942, POLR2E rs3787016, and HULC rs7763881 are progressively reported having a close genetic affinity with esophageal carcinogenesis in the East. Nonetheless, their correlation with variables already endorsed as significant prognostic factors in terms of staging, guiding treatment and predicting recurrence, metastasis, and survival have yet to be explored. Herein, we investigated their prognostic value by correlating them with clinicopathological and laboratory prognostic markers in esophageal cancer in the West. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 95 consecutive patients operated on for esophageal cancer between 2014 and 2018 were compared with 121 healthy community controls. HULC was not detected differently in any of the cancer prognostic subgroups. LINC00951 was underrepresented in Ca19.9 elevated subgroup. HOTAIR was more frequent in both worse differentiation grade and positive Signet-Ring-Cell and Ca19.9 subgroups. POLR2E was identified less frequently in Adenocarcinoma, Signet-Ring-Cell, and Diffuse histologies, as well as in Perineural, Lymphovascular, and Perivascular Invasion positive, while it was overrepresented in CEA positive subgroup. These lncRNAs polymorphisms may hold great potential not only as future therapeutic agents but also as novel markers for predictive analysis of esophageal cancer risk, clinical outcome, and survival. Clinical implications of these findings need to be validated with prospective larger sample-size studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratia Baili
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (M.B.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (A.A.)
- King’s Health Partners, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Andreas C. Lazaris
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Prodromos Kanavidis
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (M.B.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria Boura
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (M.B.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Alexandros Charalabopoulos
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (M.B.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Theodore Liakakos
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (M.B.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Andreas Alexandrou
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (M.B.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (A.A.)
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Mirabdali S, Ghafouri K, Farahmand Y, Gholizadeh N, Yazdani O, Esbati R, Hajiagha BS, Rahimi A. The role and function of autophagy through signaling and pathogenetic pathways and lncRNAs in ovarian cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154899. [PMID: 38061269 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomal-driven autophagy is a tightly controlled cellular catabolic process that breaks down and recycles broken or superfluous cell parts. It is involved in several illnesses, including cancer, and is essential in preserving cellular homeostasis. Autophagy prevents DNA mutation and cancer development by actively eliminating pro-oxidative mitochondria and protein aggregates from healthy cells. Oncosuppressor and oncogene gene mutations cause dysregulation of autophagy. Increased autophagy may offer cancer cells a pro-survival advantage when oxygen and nutrients are scarce and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. This finding justifies the use of autophagy inhibitors in addition to anti-neoplastic treatments. Excessive autophagy levels can potentially kill cells. The diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer present many difficulties due to its complexity and heterogeneity. Understanding the role of autophagy, a cellular process involved in the breakdown and recycling of cellular components, in ovarian cancer has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Of particular note is the increasing amount of data indicating a close relationship between autophagy and ovarian cancer. Autophagy either promotes or restricts tumor growth in ovarian cancer. Dysregulation of autophagy signaling pathways in ovarian cancers can affect the development, metastasis, and response to tumor treatment. The precise mechanism underlying autophagy concerning ovarian cancer remains unclear, as does the role autophagy plays in ovarian carcinoma. In this review, we tried to encapsulate and evaluate current findings in investigating autophagy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedsaber Mirabdali
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kimia Ghafouri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Omid Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Esbati
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Salmanian Hajiagha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tehran East Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asiye Rahimi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Nandi S, Mondal A, Ghosh A, Mukherjee S, Das C. Lnc-ing epigenetic mechanisms with autophagy and cancer drug resistance. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 160:133-203. [PMID: 37704287 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) comprise a diverse class of RNA molecules that regulate various physiological processes and have been reported to be involved in several human pathologies ranging from neurodegenerative disease to cancer. Therapeutic resistance is a major hurdle for cancer treatment. Over the past decade, several studies has emerged on the role of lncRNAs in cancer drug resistance and many trials have been conducted employing them. LncRNAs also regulate different cell death pathways thereby maintaining a fine balance of cell survival and death. Autophagy is a complex cell-killing mechanism that has both cytoprotective and cytotoxic roles. Similarly, autophagy can lead to the induction of both chemosensitization and chemoresistance in cancer cells upon therapeutic intervention. Recently the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy has also surfaced. Thus, lncRNAs can be used in cancer therapeutics to alleviate the challenges of chemoresistance by targeting the autophagosomal axis. In this chapter, we discuss about the role of lncRNAs in autophagy-mediated cancer drug resistance and its implication in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhik Nandi
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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Bueno-Urquiza LJ, Martínez-Barajas MG, Villegas-Mercado CE, García-Bernal JR, Pereira-Suárez AL, Aguilar-Medina M, Bermúdez M. The Two Faces of Immune-Related lncRNAs in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050727. [PMID: 36899863 PMCID: PMC10000590 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of cancers originating from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, larynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and hypopharynx. Molecular factors can be key in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of HNSCC patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are molecular regulators composed of 200 to 100,000 nucleotides that act on the modulation of genes that activate signaling pathways associated with oncogenic processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in tumor cells. However, up until now, few studies have discussed the participation of lncRNAs in modeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) to generate a protumor or antitumor environment. Nevertheless, some immune-related lncRNAs have clinical relevance, since AL139158.2, AL031985.3, AC104794.2, AC099343.3, AL357519.1, SBDSP1, AS1AC108010.1, and TM4SF19-AS1 have been associated with overall survival (OS). MANCR is also related to poor OS and disease-specific survival. MiR31HG, TM4SF19-AS1, and LINC01123 are associated with poor prognosis. Meanwhile, LINC02195 and TRG-AS1 overexpression is associated with favorable prognosis. Moreover, ANRIL lncRNA induces resistance to cisplatin by inhibiting apoptosis. A superior understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs that modify the characteristics of TME could contribute to increasing the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly J. Bueno-Urquiza
- Department of Physiology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Marcela G. Martínez-Barajas
- Department of Physiology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | | | - Jonathan R. García-Bernal
- Department of Physiology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Ana L. Pereira-Suárez
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa 80030, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(614)-439-1834
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10
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Exosomal LncRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Biological Functions and Emerging Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030959. [PMID: 36765913 PMCID: PMC9913195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of specific and effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets, the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer remain unsatisfactory. As a type of nanosized vesicles derived from living cells, exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication by transporting bioactive molecules, thus participating in the regulation of many pathophysiological processes. Recent evidence has revealed that several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are enriched in exosomes. Exosomes-mediated lncRNAs delivery is critically involved in various aspects of gastrointestinal cancer progression, such as tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness, immune microenvironment, and drug resistance. Exosomal lncRNAs represent promising candidates to act as the diagnosis biomarkers and anti-tumor targets. This review introduces the major characteristics of exosomes and lncRNAs and describes the biological functions of exosomal lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer development. The preclinical studies on using exosomal lncRNAs to monitor and treat gastrointestinal cancer are also discussed, and the opportunities and challenges for translating them into clinical practice are evaluated.
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Gao J, Zhu L. IKKα kinase silencing increases doxorubicin-induced apoptosis through regulation of oxidative DNA damage response in colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 101:1089-1095. [PMID: 36515432 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of kappa B kinase alpha (IKKα) is demonstrated to be involved in the various aspects of cancer biology, from its initiation, to progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IKKα in doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated induction in apoptosis in SW-480 colon cancer cells. Cells were transfected with siRNA against IKKα and treated with DOX. MTT assay was applied to measure SW-480 cell proliferation. The mRNA levels of γ-H2AX within cells were assessed by qRT-PCR. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine was measured by ELISA. The formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorometry. The antioxidant activities of some enzymes were also determined. For evaluation of apoptosis, ELISA assay was applied. IKKα silencing dramatically increased the doxorubicin cytotoxic effects. In addition, IKKα silencing substantially overexpressed γ-H2AX in SW-480 cells. Furthermore, upon IKKα silencing, the levels of ROS were elevated and the antioxidant defense system was significantly weakened. In addition, IKKα silencing led to the enhancement of apoptotic cells in doxorubicin-treated SW-480 cells. Co-treatment of IKKα and doxorubicin led to the enhanced cellular cytotoxicity via robosting ROS formation, inducing oxidative DNA damage, and decreasing cellular antioxidant defense, and finally potent apoptosis induction in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianen Gao
- Department of Proctology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
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12
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Autophagy-Related ncRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121547. [PMID: 36558998 PMCID: PMC9785627 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignancy accounting for only 3% of total cancers, but with a low 5-year relative survival rate. Approximately 80% of PC patients are diagnosed at a late stage when the disease has already spread from the primary site. Despite advances in PC treatment, there is an urgently needed for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for PC, particularly for patients who cannot undergo classical surgery. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process used by cells to adapt to metabolic stress via the degrading or recycling of damaged or unnecessary organelles and cellular components. This process is elevated in PC and, thus, it contributes to the onset, progression, and cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy in pancreatic tumors. Autophagy inhibition has been shown to lead to cancer regression and to increase the sensitivity of pancreatic cells to radiation and chemotherapy. Emerging studies have focused on the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, in PC development and progression. Furthermore, ncRNAs have been reported as crucial regulators of many biological processes, including autophagy, suggesting that ncRNA-based autophagy targeting methods could be promising novel molecular approaches for specifically reducing autophagic flux, thus improving the management of PC patients. In this review, we briefly summarize the existing studies regarding the role and the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy-related ncRNAs in the context of this cancer.
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13
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Tang F, Tang Z, Lu Z, Cai Y, Lai Y, Mai Y, Li Z, Lu Z, Zhang J, Li Z, He Z. A novel autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs prognostic risk score for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Urol 2022; 22:203. [PMID: 36496360 PMCID: PMC9741795 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the main histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) places a heavy burden on health worldwide. Autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs (ARlncRs) have shown tremendous potential as prognostic signatures in several studies, but the relationship between them and ccRCC still has to be demonstrated. METHODS The RNA-sequencing and clinical characteristics of 483 ccRCC patients were downloaded download from the Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium. ARlncRs were determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to establish a risk score model. A nomogram was constructed considering independent prognostic factors. The Harrell concordance index calibration curve and the receiver operating characteristic analysis were utilized to evaluate the nomogram. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was used for differentially expressed genes between the two groups of high- and low-risk scores. RESULTS A total of 9 SARlncRs were established as a risk score model. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve, principal component analysis, and subgroup analysis showed that low overall survival of patients was associated with high-risk scores. Age, M stage, and risk score were identified as independent prognostic factors to establish a nomogram, whose concordance index in the training cohort, internal validation, and external ICGC cohort was 0.793, 0.671, and 0.668 respectively. The area under the curve for 5-year OS prediction in the training cohort, internal validation, and external ICGC cohort was 0.840, 0.706, and 0.708, respectively. GO analysis and KEGG analysis of DEGs demonstrated that immune- and inflammatory-related pathways are likely to be critically involved in the progress of ccRCC. CONCLUSIONS We established and validated a novel ARlncRs prognostic risk model which is valuable as a potential therapeutic target and prognosis indicator for ccRCC. A nomogram including the risk model is a promising clinical tool for outcomes prediction of ccRCC patients and further formulation of individualized strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucai Tang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Zhong Road, Shenzhen, 518033 China
| | - Zhicheng Tang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Zechao Lu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Zhong Road, Shenzhen, 518033 China
| | - Yueqiao Cai
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072The First Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Yongchang Lai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Zhong Road, Shenzhen, 518033 China
| | - Yuexue Mai
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072The Sixth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Zhibiao Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Zhong Road, Shenzhen, 518033 China
| | - Zeguang Lu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072The Sixth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Ze Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072The First Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Zhaohui He
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Zhong Road, Shenzhen, 518033 China
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14
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Fu D, Huang Y, Wang S, Liu J, Li C. HAGLROS
knockdown restrained cell proliferation, migration and invasion and facilitated apoptosis in laryngeal cancer via
miR
‐138‐5p/
CLN5
axis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24712. [DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Fu
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ENT department Tianjin China
| | - Yongwang Huang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ENT department Tianjin China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ENT department Tianjin China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ENT department Tianjin China
| | - Chao Li
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ENT department Tianjin China
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15
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Zhang X, Luo M, Zhang J, Guo B, Singh S, Lin X, Xiong H, Ju S, Wang L, Zhou Y, Zhou J. The role of lncRNA H19 in tumorigenesis and drug resistance of human Cancers. Front Genet 2022; 13:1005522. [PMID: 36246634 PMCID: PMC9555214 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1005522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic therapy is one of the most significant cancer treatments. However, drug resistance often appears and has become the primary cause of cancer therapy failure. Regulation of drug target, drug metabolism and drug efflux, cell death escape (apoptosis, autophagy, et al.), epigenetic changes, and many other variables are complicatedly involved in the mechanisms of drug resistance. In various types of cancers, long non-coding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) has been shown to play critical roles in tumor development, proliferation, metastasis, and multiple drug resistance as well. The efficacy of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapy are all influenced by the expression of H19, especially in breast cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Here, we summarize the relationship between lncRNA H19 and tumorigenesis, and illustrate the drug resistance mechanisms caused by lncRNA H19 as well. This review may provide more therapeutic potential targets for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingpeng Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bize Guo
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shreya Singh
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixi Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanchu Xiong
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Ju
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linbo Wang, ; Yulu Zhou, ; Jichun Zhou,
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linbo Wang, ; Yulu Zhou, ; Jichun Zhou,
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linbo Wang, ; Yulu Zhou, ; Jichun Zhou,
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16
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Chen Q, Zhou L, Ma D, Hou J, Lin Y, Wu J, Tao M. LncRNA GAS6-AS1 facilitates tumorigenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer by regulating TRIM14 through miR-370-3p/miR-1296-5p and FUS. J Transl Med 2022; 20:356. [PMID: 35962353 PMCID: PMC9373365 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of tumorigenesis and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA GAS6-AS1 in CRC and its potential mechanisms. Methods Bioinformatics analyses evaluated the level of GAS6-AS1 in colon cancer, its correlation with clinicopathological factors, survival curve and diagnostic value. qRT-PCR were performed to detect the GAS6-AS1 level in CRC samples and cell lines. The CCK8, EdU, scratch healing, transwell assays and animal experiments were conducted to investigate the function of GAS6-AS1 in CRC. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual-luciferase reporter gene analyses were carried out to reveal interaction between GAS6-AS1, TRIM14, FUS, and miR-370-3p/miR-1296-5p. Results GAS6-AS1 was greatly elevated in CRC and positively associated with unfavorable prognosis of CRC patients. Functionally, GAS6-AS1 positively regulates CRC proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and induces CRC growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, GAS6-AS1 exerted oncogenic function by competitively binding to miR-370-3p and miR-1296-5p, thereby upregulating TRIM14. Furthermore, we verified that GAS6-AS1 and TRIM14 both interact with FUS and that GAS6-AS1 stabilized TRIM14 mRNA by recruiting FUS. Besides, rescue experiments furtherly demonstrated that GAS6-AS1 facilitate progression of CRC by regulating TRIM14. Conclusion Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GAS6-AS1 promotes TRIM14-mediated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of CRC via ceRNA network and FUS-dependent manner, suggesting that GAS6-AS1 could be utilized as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03550-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - De Ma
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Peña-Flores JA, Bermúdez M, Ramos-Payán R, Villegas-Mercado CE, Soto-Barreras U, Muela-Campos D, Álvarez-Ramírez A, Pérez-Aguirre B, Larrinua-Pacheco AD, López-Camarillo C, López-Gutiérrez JA, Garnica-Palazuelos J, Estrada-Macías ME, Cota-Quintero JL, Barraza-Gómez AA. Emerging role of lncRNAs in drug resistance mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965628. [PMID: 35978835 PMCID: PMC9376329 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) originates in the squamous cell lining the mucosal surfaces of the head and neck region, including the oral cavity, nasopharynx, tonsils, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The heterogeneity, anatomical, and functional characteristics of the patient make the HNSCC a complex and difficult-to-treat disease, leading to a poor survival rate and a decreased quality of life due to the loss of important physiologic functions and aggressive surgical injury. Alteration of driver-oncogenic and tumor-suppressing lncRNAs has recently been recently in HNSCC to obtain possible biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches. This review provides current knowledge about the implication of lncRNAs in drug resistance mechanisms in HNSCC. Chemotherapy resistance is a major therapeutic challenge in HNSCC in which lncRNAs are implicated. Lately, it has been shown that lncRNAs involved in autophagy induced by chemotherapy and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) can act as mechanisms of resistance to anticancer drugs. Conversely, lncRNAs involved in mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) are related to chemosensitivity and inhibition of invasiveness of drug-resistant cells. In this regard, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in both processes and are important for cancer detection, progression, diagnosis, therapy response, and prognostic values. As the involvement of more lncRNAs is elucidated in chemoresistance mechanisms, an improvement in diagnostic and prognostic tools could promote an advance in targeted and specific therapies in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Peña-Flores
- Faculty of Odontology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Faculty of Odontology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mercedes Bermúdez,
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payán
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - Uriel Soto-Barreras
- Faculty of Odontology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge A. López-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
- Faculty of Biology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan L. Cota-Quintero
- Faculty of Biology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
- Faculty of Odontology , Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
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18
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Tian J, Fu C, Zeng X, Fan X, Wu Y. An Independent Prognostic Model Based on Ten Autophagy-Related Long Noncoding RNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:3895396. [PMID: 35645615 PMCID: PMC9124146 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3895396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common, highly lethal cancer with a low survival rate. Autophagy is involved in the occurrence and progression of PC. This study aims to explore the feasibility of using an autophagy-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature for assessing PC patient survival. Methods We obtained RNA sequencing and clinical data of patients from the TCGA website. Autophagy genes were obtained from the Human Autophagy Database. The prognostic model, generated through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, included 10 autophagy-related lncRNAs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and forest plots were generated for univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, to examine the predictive feasibility of the risk model. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to screen enriched gene sets. Results Twenty-eight autophagy-related lncRNAs were filtered out through univariate Cox regression analysis (P < 0.001). Ten autophagy-related lncRNAs, including 4 poor prognosis factors and 6 beneficial prognosis factors, were further screened via multivariate Cox regression analysis. The AUC value of the ROC curve was 0.815. GSEA results demonstrated that cancer-related gene sets were significantly enriched. Conclusion A signature based on ten autophagy-related lncRNAs was identified. This signature could be potentially used for evaluating clinical prognosis and might be used for targeted therapy against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tian
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
- Department of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Department of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
- Department of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
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19
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Kumar S, Mishra S. MALAT1 as master regulator of biomarkers predictive of pan-cancer multi-drug resistance in the context of recalcitrant NRAS signaling pathway identified using systems-oriented approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7540. [PMID: 35534592 PMCID: PMC9085754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NRAS, a protein mutated in several cancer types, is involved in key drug resistance mechanisms and is an intractable target. The development of drug resistance is one of the major impediments in targeted therapy. Currently, gene expression data is used as the most predictive molecular profile in pan-cancer drug sensitivity and resistance studies. However, the common regulatory mechanisms that drive drug sensitivity/resistance across cancer types are as yet, not fully understood. We focused on GDSC data on NRAS-mutant pan-cancer cell lines, to pinpoint key signaling targets in direct or indirect associations with NRAS, in order to identify other druggable targets involved in drug resistance. Large-scale gene expression, comparative gene co-expression and protein–protein interaction network analyses were performed on selected drugs inducing drug sensitivity/resistance. We validated our data from cell lines with those obtained from primary tissues from TCGA. From our big data studies validated with independent datasets, protein-coding hub genes FN1, CD44, TIMP1, SNAI2, and SPARC were found significantly enriched in signal transduction, proteolysis, cell adhesion and proteoglycans pathways in cancer as well as the PI3K/Akt-signaling pathway. Further studies of the regulation of these hub/driver genes by lncRNAs revealed several lncRNAs as prominent regulators, with MALAT1 as a possible master regulator. Transcription factor EGR1 may control the transcription rate of MALAT1 transcript. Synergizing these studies, we zeroed in on a pan-cancer regulatory axis comprising EGR1-MALAT1-driver coding genes playing a role. These identified gene regulators are bound to provide new paradigms in pan-cancer targeted therapy, a foundation for precision medicine, through the targeting of these key driver genes in the improvement of multi-drug sensitivity or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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20
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Wang H, Wu B, Wang H, Jiang C, Liu Z. LncRNA growth arrest specific transcript 5 inhibits the growth of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors via miR-27a-5p/cylindromatosis axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10274-10286. [PMID: 35435104 PMCID: PMC9162025 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) has been reported to function as a suppressor in many cancers. However, the role and mechanism of lncRNA GAS5 in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) remain unclear. Here, we found that lncRNA GAS5 and cylindromatosis (CYLD) expression was downregulated in invasive PitNET tissues and was negatively correlated with miR-27a-5p expression. LncRNA GAS5 overexpression inhibited proliferation of PitNETs cell line MMQ and GH3 cells and induced cell apoptosis, simultaneously, inhibited miR-27a-5p expression and increased CYLD expression. Moreover, miR-27a-5p mimic significantly decreased the luciferase activities of lncRNA GAS5 and CYLD luciferase reporter vector and downregulated CYLD expression, while miR-27a-5p inhibitor increased the expression of CYLD in MMQ and GH3 cells. Furthermore, RNA-immunoprecipitation assay revealed the direct binding between lncRNA GAS5 and miR-27a-5p. Additionally, miR-27a-5p mimic or silenced CYLD attenuated the effect of lncRNA GAS5 on MMQ and GH3 cell proliferation. In vivo lncRNA GAS5 overexpression inhibited GH3 cell tumor growth, while miR-27a-5p mimic or silenced CYLD attenuated the effect of lncRNA GAS5 on GH3 cell tumor growth. These results suggest that lncRNA GAS5 acts as an endogenous sponge by binding miR-27a-5p to increase the expression of its target gene CYLD, thereby inhibits PitNETs cell proliferation and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyan Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Wang W, Pei Q, Wang L, Mu T, Feng H. Construction of a Prognostic Signature of 10 Autophagy-Related lncRNAs in Gastric Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3699-3710. [PMID: 35411177 PMCID: PMC8994655 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s348943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy plays a double-edged sword role in cancers. LncRNAs could regulate cancer initiation and development at various levels. However, the role of autophagy-related lncRNAs (ARlncs) in gastric cancer (GC) remains indistinct. Methods GC gene expression profile and clinical data were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The prognostic signature composed of ARlncs was established via cox regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival curve was adopted to show overall survival (OS). Independence and reliability of risk signature were visualized by cox regression analysis and ROC curve. A nomogram was constructed and the reliability was analyzed by ROC curve. Immune infiltrating cells and check points were also analyzed. Results A prognostic signature was constructed which stratified GC patients into high- and low-risk groups according to risk score calculated via the 10 ARlncs including LINC01094, AC068790.7, AC090772.1, AC005165.1, PVT1, LINC00106, AC026368.1, AC090912.3, AC013652.1, UICLM. Patients in high-risk group showed a poor prognosis (p<0.001). Cox regression analysis showed signature was an independent prognostic factor (p<0.001). Areas under curves (AUC) of ROC for risk signature for predicting OS outweighed age, gender, grade, T, M and N, which suggested the reliability of the signature. A nomogram was constructed with risk signature, T, M, N and age and its AUC of ROC for 1-, 3-, and 5-year was 0.700, 0.730, 0.757 respectively, which showed good reliability. Macrophage M2, T cell CD8+ and T cell CD4+ memory resting had greatest difference between the two risk groups according to CIBERSORE-ABS algorithm (p<0.001). CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1 (PD-1) and PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2) were expressed higher in the high-risk group (p<0.05), which implied that immunotherapy may be a good choice for these patients. Conclusion The risk signature based on 10 ARlncs can serve as an efficacious prognostic predictor and guide the immunotherapies and precise treatment for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Pei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hua Feng, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jing 5 Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 531-68773293, Fax +86 531-87906348, Email
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22
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Exosomal RNAs: Novel Potential Biomarkers for Diseases-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052461. [PMID: 35269604 PMCID: PMC8910301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of nano-sized extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes. Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication with their cargos, which includes mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Exosomal RNAs have cell specificity and reflect the conditions of their donor cells. Notably, their detection in biofluids can be used as a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosomal RNAs are ideal biomarkers because their surrounding membranes confer stability and they are detectable in almost all biofluids, which helps to reduce trauma and avoid invasive examinations. However, knowledge of exosomal biomarkers remains scarce. The present review summarizes the biogenesis, secretion, and uptake of exosomes, the current researches exploring exosomal mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of human diseases, as well as recent techniques of exosome isolation.
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23
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Li J, Guo S, Sun Z, Fu Y. Noncoding RNAs in Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808591. [PMID: 35174150 PMCID: PMC8841737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tracts and a model for the targeted therapy of solid tumors because of the oncogenic driver mutations in KIT and PDGDRA genes, which could be effectively inhibited by the very first targeted agent, imatinib mesylate. Most of the GIST patients could benefit a lot from the targeted treatment of this receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, more than 50% of the patients developed resistance within 2 years after imatinib administration, limiting the long-term effect of imatinib. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), the non-protein coding transcripts of human, were demonstrated to play pivotal roles in the resistance of various chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of how ncRNAs functioning on the drug resistance in GIST. During the drug resistance of GIST, there were five regulating mechanisms where the functions of ncRNAs concentrated: oxidative phosphorylation, autophagy, apoptosis, drug target changes, and some signaling pathways. Also, these effects of ncRNAs in drug resistance were divided into two aspects. How ncRNAs regulate drug resistance in GIST was further summarized according to ncRNA types, different drugs and categories of resistance. Moreover, clinical applications of these ncRNAs in GIST chemotherapies concentrated on the prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuning Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Fu, ; Zhenqiang Sun,
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Fu, ; Zhenqiang Sun,
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24
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Si L, Yang Z, Ding L, Zhang D. Regulatory effects of lncRNAs and miRNAs on the crosstalk between autophagy and EMT in cancer: a new era for cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:547-564. [PMID: 35083552 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) are the two principal biological processes and ideal therapeutic targets during cancer development. Autophagy, a highly conserved process for degrading dysfunctional cellular components, plays a dual role in tumors depending on the tumor stage and tissue types. The EMT process is the transition differentiation from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal-like cell and acquiring metastatic potential. There is evidence that the crosstalk between autophagy and EMT is complex in cancer. In recent years, more studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in autophagy, EMT, and their crosstalk. Therefore, accurate understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs and miRNAs in autophagy, EMT and their interactions is crucial for the clinical management of cancers. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted on the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The keywords used for the search included: autophagy, EMT, crosstalk, lncRNAs, miRNAs, cancers, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. This search provided relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals until 2021. Data from these various studies were extracted and used in this review. RESULTS The results showed that lncRNAs/miRNAs as tumor inhibitors or tumor inducers could regulate autophagy, EMT, and their interaction by regulating several molecular signaling pathways. The lncRNAs/miRNAs involved in autophagy and EMT processes could have potential uses in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. CONCLUSION Such information could help find and develop lncRNAs/miRNAs based new tools for diagnosing, prognosis, and creating anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Si
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zecheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
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25
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Liu Y, Ding W, Yu W, Zhang Y, Ao X, Wang J. Long non-coding RNAs: Biogenesis, functions, and clinical significance in gastric cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 23:458-476. [PMID: 34901389 PMCID: PMC8637188 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumor types and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its morbidity and mortality are very high due to a lack of understanding about its pathogenesis and the slow development of novel therapeutic strategies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nt. They play crucial roles in a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, metastasis, DNA damage, and carcinogenesis. The aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been found in various cancer types. A growing amount of evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs are involved in many aspects of GC pathogenesis, including its occurrence, metastasis, and recurrence, indicating their potential role as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets of GC. This review systematically summarizes the biogenesis, biological properties, and functions of lncRNAs and highlights their critical role and clinical significance in GC. This information may contribute to the development of better diagnostics and treatments for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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26
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Shafabakhsh R, Arianfar F, Vosough M, Mirzaei HR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Khanbabaei H, Kowsari H, Shojaie L, Azar MEF, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autophagy and gastrointestinal cancers: the behind the scenes role of long non-coding RNAs in initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1229-1255. [PMID: 33432087 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of complex disorders that affect different organs, including esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. Recently, an explosion in nucleic acid-based technologies has led to the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been found to possess unique regulatory functions. This class of RNAs is >200 nucleotides in length, and is characterized by their lack of protein coding. LncRNAs exert regulatory effects in GI cancer development by affecting different functions such as the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, apoptosis, glycolysis and angiogenesis. Over the past few decades, considerable evidence has revealed the important role of autophagy in both GI cancer progression and suppression. In addition, recent studies have confirmed a significant correlation between lncRNAs and the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we summarize how lncRNAs play a behind the scenes role in the pathogenesis of GI cancers through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arianfar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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27
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Bahrami A, Jafari A, Ferns GA. The dual role of microRNA-9 in gastrointestinal cancers: oncomiR or tumor suppressor? Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112394. [PMID: 34781141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA are noncoding endogenous RNAs of ∼ 25-nucleotide, involved in RNA silencing and controlling of cell function. Recent evidence has highlighted the important role of various in the biology of human cancers. miR-9 is a highly conserved microRNA and abnormal regulation of miR-9 expression has various impacts on disease pathology. miR-9 may play a dual tumor-suppressive or oncomiR activity in several cancers. There have been conflicting reports concerning the role of miR-9 in gastrointestinal cancers. Several signaling pathways including PDK/AKT, Hippo, Wnt/β-catenin and PDGFRB axes are affected by miR-9 in suppressing proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Oncogenic miR-9 triggers migration, metastasis and clinic-pathological characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal malignancy by targeting various enzymes and transcription factors such as E-cadherin, HK2, LMX1A, and CDX2. On the other hand, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs can modulate miR-9 expression in human cancers. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent findings about the potential value of miR-9 in gastrointestinal tumors, that include: screening, prognostic and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amirsajad Jafari
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
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28
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Non-coding RNA-mediated autophagy in cancer: A protumor or antitumor factor? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188642. [PMID: 34715268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, usually referred to as macroautophagy, is a cytoprotective behavior that helps cells, especially cancer cells, escape crises. However, the role of autophagy in cancer remains controversial. The induction of autophagy is favorable for tumor growth, as it can degrade damaged cell components accumulated during nutrient deficiency, chemotherapy, or other stresses in a timely manner. Whereas the antitumor effect of autophagy might be closely related to its crosstalk with metabolism, immunomodulation, and other pathways. Recent studies have verified that lncRNAs and circRNAs modulate autophagy in carcinogenesis, cancer cells proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance via multiple mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory relationships between ncRNAs and autophagy in cancer might resolve chemoresistance and also offer intervention strategies for cancer therapy. This review systematically displays the regulatory effects of lncRNAs and circRNAs on autophagy in the contexts of cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy and provides a novel insight into cancer therapy.
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29
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Identification of a Four-lncRNA Prognostic Signature for Colon Cancer Based on Genome Instability. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:7408893. [PMID: 34594379 PMCID: PMC8478558 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7408893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
LncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are closely associated with genome instability. However, the identification of lncRNAs related to the genome instability and their relationship with the prognosis and clinical signature of cancer remains to be explored. In this paper, we analyzed differential lncRNA expression based on the somatic mutation profiles of colon cancer patients from TCGA database and finally identified 153 lncRNAs that are associated with genome instability in colon cancer. Taking four lncRNAs from these 153, we established a genome-instability-related prognostic signature (GIRlncPSig). By applying the GIRlncPSig, we calculated a risk score for each patient, and using their risk scores, we divided them into low- and high-risk groups. We found that the prognosis between the two risk groups was significantly different, and the results were further verified in different independent patient cohorts. Moreover, we observed that the GIRlncPSig was related to somatic mutation rates in colon cancer, indicating that it may be a potential means of measuring genome instability levels in colon cancer. We also revealed that the GIRlncPSig was correlated with BRAF and DPYD mutation rates and that it may be a potential mutation marker for the BRAF and DPYD gene. In summary, we constructed a genome-instability-related lncRNA prognostic signature (GIRlncPSig), which has a significant effect on prognosis prediction and may allow for the discovery of new colon cancer biomarkers.
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30
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Interplay between Epigenetics and Cellular Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101406. [PMID: 34680038 PMCID: PMC8533383 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism alterations have been recognized as one of the most predominant hallmarks of colorectal cancers (CRCs). It is precisely regulated by many oncogenic signaling pathways in all kinds of regulatory levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Among these regulatory factors, epigenetics play an essential role in the modulation of cellular metabolism. On the one hand, epigenetics can regulate cellular metabolism via directly controlling the transcription of genes encoding metabolic enzymes of transporters. On the other hand, epigenetics can regulate major transcriptional factors and signaling pathways that control the transcription of genes encoding metabolic enzymes or transporters, or affecting the translation, activation, stabilization, or translocation of metabolic enzymes or transporters. Interestingly, epigenetics can also be controlled by cellular metabolism. Metabolites not only directly influence epigenetic processes, but also affect the activity of epigenetic enzymes. Actually, both cellular metabolism pathways and epigenetic processes are controlled by enzymes. They are highly intertwined and are essential for oncogenesis and tumor development of CRCs. Therefore, they are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRCs. In recent years, both epigenetic and metabolism inhibitors are studied for clinical use to treat CRCs. In this review, we depict the interplay between epigenetics and cellular metabolism in CRCs and summarize the underlying molecular mechanisms and their potential applications for clinical therapy.
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31
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Ma YN, Hong YG, Yu GY, Jiang SY, Zhao BL, Guo A, Wang Y, Cui XM, Hao LQ, Zheng H. LncRNA LBX2-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and 5-fluorouracil resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:501. [PMID: 34535128 PMCID: PMC8449476 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest that the long non-coding RNA LBX2 antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1) acts as an important regulator in cancer progression, but its significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains undetermined. METHODS LBX2-AS1 expression levels in CRC were determined from the GEPIA database and CRC tissues to investigate clinical relevance. meRIP-PCR assays investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of m6A in LBX2-AS1. Loss of function experiments was used to define the role of LBX2-AS1 in the progression of CRC. The ceRNA function of LBX2-AS1 was evaluated by RNA immunoprecipitation. In vitro and PDX models were used to determine if LBX2-AS1 promotes 5-fluorouracil resistance. RESULTS Data from the TCGA and our institutional patient cohorts established that LBX2-AS1 levels were significantly upregulated in most CRC tissues relative to normal adjacent colon tissues. Moreover, LBX2-AS1 levels were positively correlated with aggressive disease characteristics, constituting an independent prognostic indicator of overall patient survival. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the increased LBX2-AS1 in CRC was mediated by METTL3-dependent m6A methylation. In vitro experiments indicated that knockdown of LBX2-AS1 inhibited CRC proliferation, migration and invasion with this phenotype linked to LBX2-AS1-mediated regulation of AKT1, acting as a ceRNA to sponge miR-422a. Ex vivo analysis of patient-derived CRC xenografts showed that low LBX2-AS1 expression cases exhibited 5-FU responsiveness and clinical investigations confirmed that low LBX2-AS1 expression was associated with improved clinical benefits from 5-FU therapy. CONCLUSIONS Together these results suggest that LBX2-AS1 may serve as a therapeutic target and predictor of 5-FU benefit in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nan Ma
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Laboratory Animal, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Yong-Gang Hong
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Guan-Yu Yu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Si-yuan Jiang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Bo-lun Zhao
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China ,grid.440706.10000 0001 0175 8217School of Nursing, Dalian University, Dalian, 116000 Liaoning China
| | - An Guo
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Laboratory Animal, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Yao Wang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China ,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xiao-ming Cui
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qiang Hao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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32
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Hao A, Wang Y, Stovall DB, Wang Y, Sui G. Emerging Roles of LncRNAs in the EZH2-regulated Oncogenic Network. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3268-3280. [PMID: 34512145 PMCID: PMC8416728 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease, but cancer therapies based on epigenetic mechanisms have made great progress. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the key catalytic component of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that mediates the tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3), a well-recognized marker of transcriptional repression. Mounting evidence indicates that EZH2 is elevated in various cancers and associates with poor prognosis. In addition, many studies revealed that EZH2 is also involved in transcriptional repression dependent or independent of PRC2. Meanwhile, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to regulate numerous and diverse signaling pathways in oncogenesis. In this review, we firstly discuss functional interactions between EZH2 and lncRNAs that determine PRC2-dependent and -independent roles of EZH2. Secondly, we summarize the lncRNAs regulating EZH2 expression at transcription, post-transcription and post-translation levels. Thirdly, we review several oncogenic pathways cooperatively regulated by lncRNAs and EZH2, including the Wnt/β-catenin and p53 pathways. In conclusion, lncRNAs play a key role in the EZH2-regulated oncogenic network with many fertile directions to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yunxuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Daniel B Stovall
- College of Arts and Sciences, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, the United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangchao Sui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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33
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Knockdown of lncRNA PVT1 inhibits the proliferation and accelerates the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells via the miR‑761/MAPK1 axis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:794. [PMID: 34515320 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with high morbidity rates. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the development of CRC. However, the potential roles of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in CRC remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential roles of PVT1 in CRC. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels. The cellular behaviors were detected using 5‑Ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine, Cell Counting Kit‑8 and flow cytometry assays. The interaction between PVT1 and microRNA (miR)‑761 or MAPK1 was confirmed using a dual‑luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, the Pearson's method was applied for correlation analysis. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of PVT1 and MAPK1 were upregulated, while miR‑761 was downregulated in CRC tissues. The expression of PVT1 was positively correlated with MAPK1 and negatively correlated with miR‑761. In addition, PVT1 sponged miR‑761 to upregulate MAPK1 expression. It was found that the knockdown of PVT1 expression inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells, which was more potent in cells transfected with miR‑761. The regulatory role of small interfering RNA‑PVT1 on the expression of apoptosis‑related genes was reduced by MAPK1. Collectively, the present results suggested that knockdown of PVT1 may inhibit the progression of CRC by regulating the miR‑761/MAPK1 axis, which may provide a promising biomarker for the treatment of CRC.
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34
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Zhou M, Zhang G, Hu J, Zhu Y, Lan H, Shen X, Lv Y, Huang L. Rutin attenuates Sorafenib-induced Chemoresistance and Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by regulating BANCR/miRNA-590-5P/OLR1 Axis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3595-3607. [PMID: 34512168 PMCID: PMC8416719 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin, the main component of Potentilla discolor Bunge, was proven to exhibit anti-tumor properties. Sorafenib (SO) is conventionally used in chemotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but acquired resistance developed during long-term therapy limits its benefits. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of rutin in SO-induced autophagy and chemoresistance in HCC. Sixty-eight paired HCC patients who received the same chemotherapy treatment were obtained. We also established two SO resistance cell lines and then utilized high-throughput RNA sequencing to explore their long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles. The target microRNA (miRNA) and downstream mRNA were also explored. Our results indicated that rutin treatment attenuates autophagy and BANCR expression in SO resistance cells. Transmission electron microscopy clearly showed a significantly decreased number of autophagosomes after rutin-treated HepG2/SO and HCCLM3/SO cells. BANCR knockdown promotes the sensitivity of SO resistance cells to SO. Further study found that BANCR acts as a molecular sponge of miR-590-5P to sequester miR-590-5P away from oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1) in HCC cells. Furthermore, in vivo study demonstrated that rutin could inhibit autophagy through the BANCR/miRNA-590-5P/OLR1 axis. Our findings suggest that rutin could regulate autophagy by regulating BANCR/miRNA-590-5P/OLR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
| | - Haoming Lan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Shen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P. R. China
| | - Linsheng Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
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Potential of olive oil and its phenolic compounds as therapeutic intervention against colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1257-1273. [PMID: 34338174 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of death across the world and incidence rate of CRC increasing alarmingly each passing year. Diet, genomic anomalies, inflammation and deregulated signalling pathways are among the major causes of CRC. Because of numerous side effects of CRC therapies available now, researchers all over the world looking for alternative treatment/preventive strategy with lesser/no side effects. Olive oil which is part of Mediterranean diet contains numerous phenolic compounds that fight against free radicals and inflammation and also well-known for protective role against CRC. The current review focused on the recent evidences where olive oil and its phenolic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and oleocanthal showed activities against CRC as well to analyse the cellular and molecular signalling mechanism through which these compounds act on. These compounds shown to combat CRC by reducing proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis through regulation of numerous signalling pathways including MAPK pathway, PI3K-Akt pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and at the same time, induce apoptosis in different CRC model. However, further research is an absolute necessity to establish these compounds as nutritional supplements and develop therapeutic strategy in CRC.
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Zhou J, Wang M, Mao A, Zhao Y, Wang L, Xu Y, Jia H, Wang L. Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 sponging miR-26a-5p to modulate Smad1 contributes to colorectal cancer progression by regulating autophagy. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1370-1379. [PMID: 34313719 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have suggested that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -Smad have a functional role in regulating autophagy in the development of human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain unclear. Here, we showed that Smad1, the key effector of BMP2-Smad signaling, induces autophagy by upregulating autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) expression, and Smad1 binds to the proximal promoter to induce its expression. Moreover, BMP2 induces autophagy in CRC. Overexpression of Smad1 promotes tumorigenesis and migration of CRC cells, and knockdown of ATG5 is able to rescue the Smad1-induced promotion of CRC proliferation and migration partially. Mechanistically, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) may act as a competing endogenous RNA by binding with miR-26a-5p competitively and thus modulating the de-repression of downstream target Smad1. Furthermore, clinical analysis results show that Smad1 is positively correlated with MALAT1 and negatively correlated with miR-26a-5p in CRC samples. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that Smad1 may serve as an oncogene in CRC through autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anrong Mao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longrong Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Islam Khan MZ, Law HKW. RAMS11 promotes CRC through mTOR-dependent inhibition of autophagy, suppression of apoptosis, and promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:321. [PMID: 34174900 PMCID: PMC8236194 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) associated with diverse biological processes of cells. Over the past decades, cumulating research evidences revealed that abnormal expressions of lncRNAs are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapies. Moreover, their usefulness as candidate biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and prognosis are well evident throughout previous literature. In the current study, we examined the role and molecular mechanisms of newly identified lncRNA named RNA associated with metastasis-11 (RAMS11) in CRC development. METHODS The expression of RAMS11 in CRC cell lines DLD-1, HT-29, HCT-116, and SW480 and colon normal cells CCD-112-CoN were evaluated by quantitative RT-qPCR. The results showed that the RAMS11 is significantly upregulated in CRC cell lines compared to the normal cells. The CCK-8 proliferation assay, colony formation assay, and migration assay were performed to evaluate the biological and physiological functions of RAMS11 in vitro. To decipher the molecular mechanisms of RAMS11 medicated CRC progression, we further performed western blot analysis of the key pathway proteins (e.g., AMPK, AKT, and mTOR). RESULTS Our results revealed that higher expression of RAMS11 is associated with increased CRC proliferation, migration, and development of metastasis. Knockdown of RAMS11 induced autophagy, apoptosis along with reduction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) suggesting that RAMS11 is involved in CRC progression. The molecular mechanisms of RAMS11 indicated that knockdown of RAMS11 significantly inhibited CRC carcinogenesis through mTOR-dependent autophagy induction. CONCLUSIONS In sum, our results suggested that RAMS11 is an important oncogene in CRC pathogenesis. Targeting RAMS11 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zahirul Islam Khan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Ka Wai Law
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
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Zhou Y, Li K, Dai T, Wang H, Hua Z, Bian W, Wang H, Chen F, Ai X. Long non-coding RNA HCP5 functions as a sponge of miR-29b-3p and promotes cell growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma through upregulating DNMT3A. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16267-16286. [PMID: 34148029 PMCID: PMC8266334 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) served as regulatory factors in modulating tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we demonstrated that lncRNA HCP5 was overexpressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, and these findings were obvious even in metastatic and recurrent cases. Knockdown of HCP5 significantly alleviated cell growth, metastasis, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo through promoting apoptosis and by inactivating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress. Moreover, miR-29b-3p has been identified as a negatively regulatory target gene of HCP5, and served as a tumor suppressor of HCC to prevent cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Subsequently, DNMT3A was identified as a downstream regulatory factor of miR-29b-3p, and acted as a participated element of HCC progression by activating AKT phosphorylation. Taken together, our study elucidated for the first time that HCP5 plays a crucial role in HCC via the HCP5/miR-29b-3p/DNMT3A/AKT axis and our findings demonstrated a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy with potentiality to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wuyang Bian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Department of Imaging, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Ai
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Xie JB, Pang YS, Li X, Wu XT. Critical prognostic value of the log odds of negative lymph nodes/tumor size in rectal cancer patients. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:3531-3545. [PMID: 34046453 PMCID: PMC8130081 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i15.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of negative lymph nodes (NLNs) and tumor size are associated with prognosis in rectal cancer patients undergoing surgical resection. However, little is known about the prognostic significance of the NLN count after adjusting for tumor size.
AIM To assess the prognostic impact of the log odds of NLN/tumor size (LONS) in rectal cancer patients.
METHODS Data of patients with stage I–III rectal cancer were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database. These patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the prognostic value of the LONS. The optimal cutoff values of LONS were calculated using the "X-tile" program. Stratified analysis of the effect of LONS on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were performed. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used to plot the survival curve and compare the survival data among the different groups.
RESULTS In all, 41080 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 28775, 70%) and a validation cohort (n = 12325, 30%). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the continuous variable LONS as an independent prognostic factor for CSS [training cohort: Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44–0.51, P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.41-0.52, P < 0.001] and OS (training cohort: HR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.49-0.56, P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.42-0.52, P < 0.001). The X-tile program indicated that the difference in CSS was the most significant for LONS of -0.8, and the cutoff value of -0.4 can further distinguish patients with a better prognosis in the high LONS group. Stratified analysis of the effect of the categorical variable LONS on CSS and OS revealed that LONS was also an independent predictor, independent of pN stage, pT stage, tumor-node-metastasis stage, site, age, sex, the number of examined lymph nodes, race, preoperative radiotherapy and carcinoembryonic antigen level.
CONCLUSION LONS is associated with improved survival of rectal cancer patients independent of other clinicopathological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Bin Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College China, Nanchong 637200, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue-Shan Pang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637200, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College China, Nanchong 637200, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Zheng J, Zhou Z, Qiu Y, Wang M, Yu H, Wu Z, Wang X, Jiang X. A Prognostic Ferroptosis-Related lncRNAs Signature Associated With Immune Landscape and Radiotherapy Response in Glioma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675555. [PMID: 34095147 PMCID: PMC8170051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the regulation of tumor cell ferroptosis. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs has never been comprehensively explored in glioma. In this study, the transcriptomic data and clinical information of glioma patients were downloaded from TCGA, CGGA and Rembrandt databases. We identified 24 prognostic ferroptosis-related lncRNAs, 15 of which (SNAI3-AS1, GDNF-AS1, WDFY3-AS2, CPB2-AS1, WAC-AS1, SLC25A21-AS1, ARHGEF26-AS1, LINC00641, LINC00844, MIR155HG, MIR22HG, PVT1, SNHG18, PAXIP1-AS2, and SBF2-AS1) were used to construct a ferroptosis-related lncRNAs signature (FRLS) according to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The validity of this FRLS was verified in training (TCGA) and validation (CGGA and Rembrandt) cohorts, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a significant distinction of overall survival (OS) between the high- and low-risk groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves exhibited robust prognostic capacity of this FRLS. A nomogram with improved accuracy for predicting OS was established based on independent prognostic factors (FRLS, age, and WHO grade). Besides, patients in the high-risk group had higher immune, stroma, and ESTIMATE scores, lower tumor purity, higher infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, and higher expression of immune checkpoints. Patients in the low-risk group benefited significantly from radiotherapy, while no survival benefit of radiotherapy was observed for those in the high-risk group. In conclusion, we identified the prognostic ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in glioma, and constructed a prognostic signature which was associated with the immune landscape of glioma microenvironment and radiotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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LncRNA MSC-AS1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Regulating miR-325/TRIM14 Axis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9954214. [PMID: 34054957 PMCID: PMC8131164 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9954214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background LncRNA MSC-AS1 has been reported to be a tumor promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function of MSC-AS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated. It is designed to study the expression level of MSC-AS1 and investigate its biological effect on the progression of CRC. Methods The expression patterns of MSC-AS1, miR-325, and TRIM14 were explored by RT-qPCR in CRC tissues and cells. The protein expression of TRIM14 was tested by Western blot assay. The association between MSC-AS1 expression and clinicopathological data was analyzed by chi-squared test. CCK-8 assay, colony formation, and Transwell assay were used to investigate the effect of MSC-AS1 on cell growth, invasion, and migration in CRC cells. The correlations among MSC-AS1, miR-325, and TRIM14 were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. Results We found that MSC-AS1 and TRIM14 were upregulated in CRC tissues, while miR-325 was downregulated in CRC tissues. Functional experiments demonstrated that MSC-AS1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities in CRC cells. Additionally, miR-325 was proved to be a target miRNA of MSC-AS1, and TRIM14 might be a downstream gene of miR-325. Besides that, MSC-AS1 counteracted the inhibitory effect of miR-325 on the cell progression and TRIM14 expression. Conclusion Our results indicated that MSC-AS1 facilitated CRC progression by sponging miR-325 to upregulate TRIM14 expression. We suggested that MSC-AS1 might be a potential lncRNA-target for CRC therapy.
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Yang Y, Yan X, Li X, Ma Y, Goel A. Long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer: Novel oncogenic mechanisms and promising clinical applications. Cancer Lett 2021; 504:67-80. [PMID: 33577977 PMCID: PMC9715275 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the improvements in CRC diagnosis and treatment approaches, a considerable proportion of CRC patients still suffers from poor prognosis due to late disease detections and lack of personalized disease managements. Recent evidences have not only provided important molecular insights into their mechanistic behaviors but also indicated that identification of cancer-specific long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) could benefit earlier disease detections and improve treatment outcomes in patients suffering from CRC. LncRNAs have raised extensive attentions as they participate in various hallmarks of CRC. The mechanistic evidence gleaned in the recent decade clearly reveals that lncRNAs exert their oncogenic roles by regulating autophagy, epigenetic modifications, enhancing stem phenotype and modifying tumor microenvironment. In view of their pleiotropic functional roles in malignant progression, and their frequently dysregulated expression in CRC patients, they have great potential to be reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets for CRC. In the present review, we will focus on the oncogenic roles of lncRNAs and related mechanisms in CRC as well as discuss their clinical potential in the early diagnosis, prognostic prediction and therapeutic translation in patients with this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Lin ZB, Long P, Zhao Z, Zhang YR, Chu XD, Zhao XX, Ding H, Huan SW, Pan YL, Pan JH. Long Noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 is a Prognostic Biomarker and mediates CD8 + T cell exhaustion by regulating CD155 Expression in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1757-1768. [PMID: 33994860 PMCID: PMC8120463 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (lncRNA KCNQ1OT1) is abnormally expressed in various solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value and potential functional role of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 across cancers. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of published literature to evaluate the prognostic value of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 across cancers. Verification, functional analysis, and genomic variation analysis were performed using the GEPIA, TIMER, and LnCeVar databases. According to the immune cell infiltration level, we established a prognostic model of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 expression using public datasets of TIMER. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot to detect the expression levels of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 and the CD155 protein in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and cell lines. Then, a lncRNA KCNQ1OT1-knockdown cell line was cocultured to explore the role of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 and CD155 in the T cell response by flow cytometric analysis. Results: Our results showed that the high expression of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was significantly related to poor overall survival across cancers, especially CRC. Interestingly, we found that COAD patients with high lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 expression and high CD8+ T cell infiltration levels had a worse prognosis than those with low lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 expression and high CD8+ T cell infiltration levels. Moreover, lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 and CD155 showed significantly higher expression in CRC tissue than in normal tissue, and lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 expression was positively correlated with CD155 expression in CRC. Finally, knockdown of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 reduced CD155 expression in HCT116 and SW620 cells and enhanced the immune response in coculture with CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: High lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 expression is significantly correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients and mediates the CD8+ T cell response in CRC. These findings indicate that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 is a prognostic biomarker and potential immune therapeutic target for enhancing the CD8+ T cell response in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Bin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Pei Long
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi-Ran Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Song-Wei Huan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yun-Long Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jing-Hua Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Hussen BM, Gharebaghi A, Eghtedarian R, Taheri M. LncRNA signature in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 222:153432. [PMID: 33857856 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent cancers and is associated with high mortality particularly when being diagnosed in advanced stages. Although several environmental and intrinsic risk factors have been identified, the underlying cause of CRC is not clear in the majority of cases. Several studies especially in the recent decade have pointed to the role of epigenetic factors in this kind of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as important contributors in the epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the initiation, progression and metastasis of CRC. Tens of oncogenic lncRNAs and a lower number of tumor suppressor lncRNAs have been recently identified to be dysregulated in CRC cells and tissues. Notably, expressions of a number of these transcripts have been dysregulated in serum samples of CRC patients, providing a non-invasive route for detection of this kind of cancer. The involvement of lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy has provided them the ability to modulate response of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic modalities. In the current manuscript, we review the studies which evaluated the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of CRC to appraise their application as diagnostic/ prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Alireza Gharebaghi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reyhane Eghtedarian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Micallef I, Baron B. The Mechanistic Roles of ncRNAs in Promoting and Supporting Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 33807355 PMCID: PMC8103280 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies which has quite a high mortality rate. Despite the advances made in CRC treatment, effective therapy is still quite challenging, particularly due to resistance arising throughout the treatment regimen. Several studies have been carried out to identify CRC chemoresistance mechanisms, with research showing different signalling pathways, certain ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), among others to be responsible for the failure of CRC chemotherapies. In the last decade, it has become increasingly evident that certain non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families are involved in chemoresistance. Research investigations have demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute towards promoting resistance in CRC via different mechanisms. Considering the currently available data on this phenomenon, a better understanding of how these ncRNAs participate in chemoresistance can lead to suitable solutions to overcome this problem in CRC. This review will first focus on discussing the different mechanisms of CRC resistance identified so far. The focus will then shift onto the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in promoting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), cisplatin and doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in CRC, specifically using ncRNAs which have been recently identified and validated under in vivo or in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta;
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Zalewski A, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Stem cells as therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. Per Med 2021; 18:171-183. [PMID: 33565332 PMCID: PMC8190705 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer continues to represent a significant burden on public health as the second highest cause of cancer mortality, when men and women are combined, in the US. About 50% of patients either present with late-stage metastatic disease, or develop metastatic recurrences, and ultimately die. In turn, this mortality largely reflects cancer stem cells, tumor-initiating cells that are responsible for cancer progression, drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis. This review summarizes the unique properties of colorectal cancer stem cells, and the emerging strategies by which they can be selectively targeted as a therapeutic approach to eradicating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Zalewski
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Liao Z, Nie H, Wang Y, Luo J, Zhou J, Ou C. The Emerging Landscape of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641343. [PMID: 33718238 PMCID: PMC7947863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers, with extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. The main cause of death in CRC is distant metastasis; it affects patient prognosis and survival and is one of the key challenges in the treatment of CRC. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides. Abnormal lncRNA expression is closely related to the occurrence and progression of several diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have shown that numerous lncRNAs play pivotal roles in the CRC metastasis, and reversing the expression of these lncRNAs through artificial means can reduce the malignant phenotype of metastatic CRC to some extent. This review summarizes the major mechanisms of lncRNAs in CRC metastasis and proposes lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for CRC and molecular markers for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Liao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- Teaching and Research Room of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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RP11-323N12.5 promotes the malignancy and immunosuppression of human gastric cancer by increasing YAP1 transcription. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:85-102. [PMID: 32623586 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YAP1 is a core protein of the Hippo signaling pathway and is associated with malignancy and immunosuppression. In the present study, we discovered a novel lncRNA, RP11-323N12.5, with tumor promotion and immunosuppression activities through enhancing transcription of YAP1. METHODS RP11-323N12.5 was identified using GEPIA. Its expression levels and their relationship with clinical features were investigated using clinical samples. The regulation of YAP1 transcription by RP11-323N12.5 was investigated in both GC and T cells, the tumor and immunosuppression promotion roles of RP11-323N12.5 were explored in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS RP11-323N12.5 was the most up-regulated lncRNA in human GC, based on data from the TCGA database. Its transcription was significantly positively correlated with YAP1 transcription, YAP1 downstream gene expression which contribute to tumor growth and immunosuppression. RP11-323N12.5 promoted YAP1 transcription by binding to c-MYC in the YAP1 promoter region. Meanwhile, transcription of RP11-323N12.5 was also regulated by YAP1/TAZ/TEADs activation in GC cells. RP11-323N12.5 had tumor- and immnosuppression-promoting effects by enhancing YAP1 downstream genes in GC cells. Excessive RP11-323N12.5 was also observed in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), which may be exosome-derived and also be related to enhanced Treg differentiation as a result YAP1 up-regulation. Moreover, RP11-323N12.5 promoted tumor growth and immunosuppression via YAP1 up-regulation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS RP11-323N12.5 was the most up-regulated lncRNA in human GC and it promoted YAP1 transcription by binding to c-MYC within the YAP1 promoter in both GC and T cells. RP11-323N12.5 is an ideal therapeutic target in human GC due to its tumor-promoting and immunosuppression characteristics.
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Chern YJ, Tai IT. Adaptive response of resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:842-863. [PMID: 33299639 PMCID: PMC7721100 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer therapeutics and the integration of personalized medicine, the development of chemoresistance in many patients remains a significant contributing factor to cancer mortality. Upon treatment with chemotherapeutics, the disruption of homeostasis in cancer cells triggers the adaptive response which has emerged as a key resistance mechanism. In this review, we summarize the mechanistic studies investigating the three major components of the adaptive response, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, and senescence, in response to cancer chemotherapy. We will discuss the development of potential cancer therapeutic strategies in the context of these adaptive resistance mechanisms, with the goal of stimulating research that may facilitate the development of effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jye Chern
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Isabella T Tai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada
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Akbari F, Peymani M, Salehzadeh A, Ghaedi K. Integrative in silico and in vitro transcriptomics analysis revealed new lncRNAs related to intrinsic apoptotic genes in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:546. [PMID: 33292233 PMCID: PMC7653898 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is connected to deregulation of apoptosis while the effect of lncRNAs, as critical regulatory molecules, on this pathway is not clear well. The present study aimed to identify differential expression of genes and their related lncRNAs which are significantly associated with intrinsic apoptotic pathway in CRC. Methods The connection between CRC and apoptosis was investigated by literature reviews and the genes were enriched by using Enrichr. At the next step, differential expression of enriched genes were evaluated between normal and tumor populations in data sets and were downloaded from GEO. Then, meta-analysis and probe re-annotation were performed. For lncRNAs selection through the highest expression correlation with each of candidate genes, mRNA-lncRNA interaction of screened genes and all of lncRNAs were visualized using Cytoscape. Identified differential expression genes and lncRNAs were validated using TCGA-COAD and the obtained data were confirmed by in vitro studies in the presence of Ag@Glu-TSC nanoparticle as an apoptotic inducer. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction effect of Ag@Glu-TSC on Caco-2 cells was determined via MTT and Annexin V/PI, respectively. The expression of genes and lncRNAs were assayed in presence of mentioned nanoparticle. Finally, the expression level of desired genes and lncRNAs were proven in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Results After detection of 48 genes associated with intrinsic apoptosis in CRC according to literature, Enrichr screened 12 common genes involved in this pathway. Among them, 6 genes including BCL2, BCL2L11, BAD, CASP7, CASP9, and CYCS expression reduced in tumor tissue compared to normal according to meta-analysis studies and RNA-seq TCGA data. Afterwards, association of 8 lncRNAs comprising CDKN2B-AS1, LOC102724156, HAGLR, ABCC13, LOC101929340, LINC00675, FAM120AOS, PDCD4-AS1 with more than 5 candidate genes were identified. In vitro studies revealed that four selected lncRNAs including, CDKN2B-AS1, LOC102724156, HAGLR and FAM120AOS were significantly increased in the presence of in optimum concentration of Ag@Glu/TSC and decreased in tumor tissues versus adjacent normal tissues. Conclusion This study developed a new data mining method to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs which are involved in regulation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway in CRC quickly using published gene expression profiling microarrays. Moreover, we could validate a number of these regulators in the cellular and laboratory disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Akbari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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