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Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA. Antibody-drug conjugate adverse effects can be understood and addressed based on immune complex clearance mechanisms. Blood 2024; 144:137-144. [PMID: 38643493 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024024442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Numerous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are being developed for cancer immunotherapy. Although several of these agents have demonstrated considerable clinical efficacy and have won Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, in many instances, they have been characterized by adverse side effects (ASEs), which can be quite severe in a fraction of treated patients. The key hypothesis in this perspective is that many of the most serious ASEs associated with the use of ADCs in the treatment of cancer can be most readily explained and understood due to the inappropriate processing of these ADCs via pathways normally followed for immune complex clearance, which include phagocytosis and trogocytosis. We review the key published basic science experiments and clinical observations that support this idea. We propose that it is the interaction of the ADC with Fcγ receptors expressed on off-target cells and tissues that can most readily explain ADC-mediated pathologies, which therefore provides a rationale for the design of protocols to minimize ASEs. We describe measurements that should help identify those patients most likely to experience ASE due to ADC, and we propose readily available treatments as well as therapies under development for other indications that should substantially reduce ASE associated with ADC. Our focus will be on the following FDA-approved ADC for which there are substantial literatures: gemtuzumab ozogamicin and inotuzumab ozogamicin; and trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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Mondal D, Shinde S, Sinha V, Dixit V, Paul S, Gupta RK, Thakur S, Vishvakarma NK, Shukla D. Prospects of liquid biopsy in the prognosis and clinical management of gastrointestinal cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1385238. [PMID: 38770216 PMCID: PMC11103528 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1385238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for one-fourth of the global cancer incidence and are incriminated to cause one-third of cancer-related deaths. GI cancer includes esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, mostly diagnosed at advanced stages due to a lack of accurate markers for early stages. The invasiveness of diagnostic methods like colonoscopy for solid biopsy reduces patient compliance as it cannot be frequently used to screen patients. Therefore, minimally invasive approaches like liquid biopsy may be explored for screening and early identification of gastrointestinal cancers. Liquid biopsy involves the qualitative and quantitative determination of certain cancer-specific biomarkers in body fluids such as blood, serum, saliva, and urine to predict disease progression, therapeutic tolerance, toxicities, and recurrence by evaluating minimal residual disease and its correlation with other clinical features. In this review, we deliberate upon various tumor-specific cellular and molecular entities such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), exosomes, and exosome-derived biomolecules and cite recent advances pertaining to their use in predicting disease progression, therapy response, or risk of relapse. We also discuss the technical challenges associated with translating liquid biopsy into clinical settings for various clinical applications in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sapnita Shinde
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vibha Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vineeta Dixit
- Department of Botany, Sri Sadguru Jagjit Singh Namdhari College, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Souvik Paul
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Li H, Zhu YZ, Xu L, Han T, Luan J, Li X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Liu Q, Kong X, Zou C, Su L, Hou Y, Chen X, Chen L, Wang R, Xu Z, Zhao M. Exploring new frontiers: cell surface vimentin as an emerging marker for circulating tumor cells and a promising therapeutic target in advanced gastric Cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:129. [PMID: 38685125 PMCID: PMC11059585 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold immense promise in guiding treatment strategies for advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, their clinical impact has been limited due to challenges in identifying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-CTCs using conventional methods. METHODS To bridge this knowledge gap, we established a detection platform for CTCs based on the distinctive biomarker cell surface vimentin (CSV). A prospective study involving 127 GC patients was conducted, comparing CTCs enumeration using both EpCAM and CSV. This approach enabled the detection of both regular and EMT-CTCs, providing a comprehensive analysis. Spiking assays and WES were employed to verify the reliability of this marker and technique. To explore the potential inducer of CSV+CTCs formation, a combination of Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, m6A RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR), single-base elongation- and ligation-based qPCR amplification method (SELECT) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were utilized to screen and confirm the potential target gene. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of CSV expression regulation and its role in GC metastasis. RESULTS Our findings revealed the potential of CSV in predicting therapeutic responses and long-term prognosis for advanced GC patients. Additionally, compared to the conventional EpCAM-based CTCs detection method, the CSV-specific positive selection CTCs assay was significantly better for evaluating the therapeutic response and prognosis in advanced GC patients and successfully predicted disease progression 14.25 months earlier than radiology evaluation. Apart from its excellent role as a detection marker, CSV emerges as a promising therapeutic target for attenuating GC metastasis. It was found that fat mass and obesity associated protein (FTO) could act as a potential catalyst for CSV+CTCs formation, and its impact on the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNA decay through m6A modification. The activation of IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling enhanced the translocation of vimentin from the cytoplasm to the cell surface through phosphorylation of vimentin at serine 39 (S39). In a GC mouse model, the simultaneous inhibition of CSV and blockade of the IGF-IR pathway yielded promising outcomes. CONCLUSION In summary, leveraging CSV as a universal CTCs marker represents a significant breakthrough in advancing personalized medicine for patients with advanced GC. This research not only paves the way for tailored therapeutic strategies but also underscores the pivotal role of CSV in enhancing GC management, opening new frontiers for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China.
- Guangdong Association of Clinical Trials (GACT), Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG) and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yang-Zhuangzhuang Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuge Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunpu Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yifei Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Training Base for Graduate, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zihang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Mingfang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Wang D, Li P, Fei X, Che S, Li J, Xuan Y, Wang J, Han Y, Gu W, Wang Y. A combined diagnostic model based on circulating tumor cell in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3529. [PMID: 37194408 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many prediction models in diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) have been developed, few are widely used in clinical practice. It is therefore imperative to identify novel biomarkers and prediction models supporting early diagnosis of SPNs. This study combined folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells (FR+ CTC) with serum tumor biomarkers, patient demographics and clinical characteristics to develop a prediction model. METHODS A total of 898 patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule who received FR+ CTC detection were randomly assigned to a training set and a validation set in a 2:1 ratio. Multivariate logistic regression was used to establish a diagnostic model to differentiate malignant and benign nodules. The receiver operating curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic efficiency of the model. RESULTS The positive rate of FR+ CTC between patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and benign lung disease was significantly different in both the training and the validation dataset (p < 0.001). The FR+ CTC level was significantly higher in the NSCLC group compared with that of the benign group (p < 0.001). FR+ CTC (odds ratio, OR, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.13, 1.07-1.19, p < 0.0001), age (OR, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.01-1.12, p = 0.03) and sex (OR, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.01-1.13, p = 0.01) were independent risk factors of NSCLC in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule. The area under the curve (AUC) of FR+ CTC in diagnosing NSCLC was 0.650 (95% CI, 0.587-0.713) in the training set and 0.700 (95% CI, 0.603-0.796) in the validation set, respectively. The AUC of the combined model was 0.725 (95% CI, 0.659-0.791) in the training set and 0.828 (95% CI, 0.754-0.902) in the validation set, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the value of FR+ CTC in diagnosing SPNs and developed a prediction model based on FR+ CTC, demographic characteristics, and serum biomarkers for differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Che
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunpeng Xuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yudong Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiqing Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Shen C, Rawal S, Brown R, Zhou H, Agarwal A, Watson MA, Cote RJ, Yang C. Automatic detection of circulating tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts using deep learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5708. [PMID: 37029224 PMCID: PMC10082202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from whole blood are emerging as important biomarkers that potentially aid in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The microfilter technology provides an efficient capture platform for them but is confounded by two challenges. First, uneven microfilter surfaces makes it hard for commercial scanners to obtain images with all cells in-focus. Second, current analysis is labor-intensive with long turnaround time and user-to-user variability. Here we addressed the first challenge through developing a customized imaging system and data pre-processing algorithms. Utilizing cultured cancer and CAF cells captured by microfilters, we showed that images from our custom system are 99.3% in-focus compared to 89.9% from a top-of-the-line commercial scanner. Then we developed a deep-learning-based method to automatically identify tumor cells serving to mimic CTC (mCTC) and CAFs. Our deep learning method achieved precision and recall of 94% (± 0.2%) and 96% (± 0.2%) for mCTC detection, and 93% (± 1.7%) and 84% (± 3.1%) for CAF detection, significantly better than a conventional computer vision method, whose numbers are 92% (± 0.2%) and 78% (± 0.3%) for mCTC and 58% (± 3.9%) and 56% (± 3.5%) for CAF. Our custom imaging system combined with deep learning cell identification method represents an important advance on CTC and CAF analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Siddarth Rawal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Haowen Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Mark A Watson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Richard J Cote
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Changhuei Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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Asawa S, Nüesch M, Gvozdenovic A, Aceto N. Circulating tumour cells in gastrointestinal cancers: food for thought? Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1981-1990. [PMID: 36932192 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for 35% of cancer-related deaths, predominantly due to their ability to spread and generate drug-tolerant metastases. Arising from different locations in the GI system, the majority of metastatic GI malignancies colonise the liver and the lungs. In this context, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are playing a critical role in the formation of new metastases, and their presence in the blood of patients has been correlated with a poor outcome. In addition to their prognostic utility, prospective targeting of CTCs may represent a novel, yet ambitious strategy in the fight against metastasis. A better understanding of CTC biology, mechanistic underpinnings and weaknesses may facilitate the development of previously underappreciated anti-metastasis approaches. Here, along with related clinical studies, we outline a selection of the literature describing biological features of CTCs with an impact on their metastasis forming ability in different GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Asawa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Nüesch
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Gvozdenovic
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland.
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7
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Aktar S, Baghaie H, Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. Current Status of Circulating Tumor Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:988-1005. [PMID: 36939466 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are found in the blood of patients with cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The aim is to review the most up-to-date status of CTCs for applications in patients with HNSCC. DATA SOURCES English articles in PubMed. REVIEW METHODS All the studies on CTCs in HNSCCs in the literature were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS There is emerging information on the diagnostic and prognostic value of CTCs in HNSCCs. Evidence also highlights the advantages of various downstream analysis approaches over circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), such as single-CTC analysis, ex vivo, and in vivo expansion of CTCs. Multiple phenotypic surface markers (cytokeratins, EpCAM, vimentin, etc.), used for CTCs characterization using different immunoassays, could predict disease progression as well as patients' response to treatment efficacy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors' status in CTCs could also provide better insight into treatment. Clonal expansion of CTCs and single-cell analysis of CTCs are the most emerging fields nowadays which may offer an understanding of the mechanism of tumor evolution as well as therapeutic efficacy. Although several clinical trials are ongoing, limitations still exist in the detection and characterization of CTCs. Due to the lack of a gold standard protocol, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC enumeration methods vary. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Prospective clinical trials are still needed before CTCs can be employed as diagnostic and prognostic markers in the clinical management of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Aktar
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Hooman Baghaie
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
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Kong W, Chen T, Li Y. Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Prognosis of Liquid Biopsy in Cancer Immunotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:127-143. [PMID: 37450116 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy (LB), as a minimally invasive method of gleaning insight into the dynamics of diseases through a patient fluid sample, represents an interesting tool that can advise in disease monitoring, treatment selection, early diagnosis, evaluation of the response, and prognosis. Cancer immunotherapy is a breakthrough in cancer treatment, which is now recognized as the "fourth pillar" of cancer treatment, after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Liquid biopsy offers a different befalling for beneath invasive diagnosis, real-time accommodating monitoring, and analysis options, involving the isolation of circulating biomarkers, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and microRNAs (miRNAs). The biomarkers herein have great potential to allow the realization of liquid biopsy for predicting the immunotherapy response and precision medicine. Liquid biopsy offers an alternative, less invasive approach to select cancer patients who would benefit from immunotherapy and to monitor patients during their disease course. This review focuses on the use of liquid biopsy in the immunotherapy treatment of patients with cancer. In this review, we addressed the different promising liquid biopsy-based biomarkers in cancer patients that enable the selection of patients who benefit from immunotherapy and the monitoring of patients during this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Kong
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yixin Li
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Quantitative Phase Imaging Detecting the Hypoxia-Induced Patterns in Healthy and Neoplastic Human Colonic Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223599. [PMID: 36429026 PMCID: PMC9688862 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a frequent phenomenon during carcinogenesis and may lead to functional and structural changes in proliferating cancer cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common neoplasms in which hypoxia is associated with progression. The aim of this study was to assess the optical parameters and microanatomy of CRC and the normal intestinal epithelium cells using the digital holotomography (DHT) method. The examination was conducted on cancer (HT-29, LoVo) and normal colonic cells (CCD-18Co) cultured in normoxic and hypoxic environments. The assessment included optical parameters such as the refractive index (RI) and dry mass as well as the morphological features. Hypoxia decreased the RI in all cells as well as in their cytoplasm, nucleus, and nucleoli. The opposite tendency was noted for spheroid-vesicular structures, where the RI was higher for the hypoxic state. The total volume of hypoxic CCD-18Co and LoVo cells was decreased, while an increase in this parameter was observed for HT-29 cells. Hypoxia increased the radius and cell volume, including the dry mass of the vesicular content. The changes in the optics and morphology of hypoxic cells may suggest the possibility of using DHT in the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
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Jia L, Zhen X, Chen L, Feng Q, Yuan W, Bu Y, Wang S, Xie X. Bioinspired nano-plate-coral platform enabled efficient detection of circulating tumor cells via the synergistic capture of multivalent aptamer and tumor cell membrane. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 631:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sattar RSA, Verma R, Nimisha, Kumar A, Dar GM, Apurva, Sharma AK, Kumari I, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer and the potential role of exosomes in drug delivery. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110413. [PMID: 35907519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is third most common cancer with second most common cause of death worldwide. One fourth to one fifth of the CRC cases are detected at advance stage. Early detection of colorectal cancer might help in decreasing mortality and morbidity worldwide. CRC being a heterogeneous disease, new non-invasive approaches are needed to complement and improve the screening and management of CRC. Reliable and early detectable biomarkers would improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic responses, and will enable the prediction of drug response and recurrence risk. Over the past decades molecular research has demonstrated the potentials of CTCs, ctDNAs, circulating mRNA, ncRNAs, and exosomes as tumor biomarkers. Non-invasive screening approaches using fecal samples for identification of altered gut microbes in CRC is also gaining attention. Exosomes can be potential candidates that can be employed in the drug delivery system. Further, the integration of in vitro, in vivo and in silico models that involve CRC biomarkers will help to understand the interactions occurring at the cellular level. This review summarizes recent update on CRC biomarkers and their application along with the nanoparticles followed by the application of organoid culture in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Verma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ghulam Mehdi Dar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Indu Kumari
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ejaj Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
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Jiang W, de Jong JM, van Hillegersberg R, Read M. Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040996. [PMID: 35205743 PMCID: PMC8869950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Oesophageal cancers are often late-presenting and have a poor 5-year survival rate. The standard treatment of oesophageal adenocarcinomas involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy followed by surgery. However, less than one third of patients respond to neoadjuvant therapy, thereby unnecessarily exposing patients to toxicity and deconditioning. Hence, there is an urgent need for biomarkers to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy. This review explores the current biomarker landscape. (2) Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and ClinicalTrial databases were searched with key words relating to “predictive biomarker”, “neoadjuvant therapy” and “oesophageal adenocarcinoma” and screened as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All peer-reviewed full-text articles and conference abstracts were included. (3) Results: The search yielded 548 results of which 71 full-texts, conference abstracts and clinical trials were eligible for review. A total of 242 duplicates were removed, 191 articles were screened out, and 44 articles were excluded. (4) Discussion: Biomarkers were discussed in seven categories including imaging, epigenetic, genetic, protein, immunologic, blood and serum-based with remaining studies grouped in a miscellaneous category. (5) Conclusion: Although promising markers and novel methods have emerged, current biomarkers lack sufficient evidence to support clinical application. Novel approaches have been recommended to assess predictive potential more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jiang
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Jelske M. de Jong
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Department, The University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.d.J.); (R.v.H.)
| | - Richard van Hillegersberg
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Department, The University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.d.J.); (R.v.H.)
| | - Matthew Read
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.R.)
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13
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Carneiro A, Piairo P, Teixeira A, Ferreira D, Cotton S, Rodrigues C, Chícharo A, Abalde-Cela S, Santos LL, Lima L, Diéguez L. Discriminating Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Phenotypes in Circulating Tumor Cells Isolated from Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030376. [PMID: 35159186 PMCID: PMC8834092 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute a group of highest morbidity worldwide, with colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer being among the most frequently diagnosed. The majority of gastrointestinal cancer patients already present metastasis by the time of diagnosis, which is widely associated with cancer-related death. Accumulating evidence suggests that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer promotes circulating tumor cell (CTCs) formation, which ultimately drives metastasis development. These cells have emerged as a fundamental tool for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, as they reflect tumor heterogeneity and the clonal evolution of cancer in real-time. In particular, EMT phenotypes are commonly associated with therapy resistance. Thus, capturing these CTCs is expected to reveal important clinical information. However, currently available CTC isolation approaches are suboptimal and are often targeted to capture epithelial CTCs, leading to the loss of EMT or mesenchymal CTCs. Here, we describe size-based CTCs isolation using the RUBYchip™, a label-free microfluidic device, aiming to detect EMT biomarkers in CTCs from whole blood samples of GI cancer patients. We found that, for most cases, the mesenchymal phenotype was predominant, and in fact a considerable fraction of isolated CTCs did not express epithelial markers. The RUBYchip™ can overcome the limitations of label-dependent technologies and improve the identification of CTC subpopulations that may be related to different clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Carneiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Paulina Piairo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Alexandra Teixeira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Sofia Cotton
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Carolina Rodrigues
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Alexandre Chícharo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.D.)
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14
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Teixeira A, Carneiro A, Piairo P, Xavier M, Ainla A, Lopes C, Sousa-Silva M, Dias A, Martins AS, Rodrigues C, Pereira R, Pires LR, Abalde-Cela S, Diéguez L. Advances in Microfluidics for the Implementation of Liquid Biopsy in Clinical Routine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:553-590. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Huang Z, Yang M. Molecular Network of Colorectal Cancer and Current Therapeutic Options. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852927. [PMID: 35463300 PMCID: PMC9018988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer-related mortalities globally, results from the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in the normal colonic and rectum epithelium, leading to the progression from colorectal adenomas to invasive carcinomas. Almost half of CRC patients will develop metastases in the course of the disease and most patients with metastatic CRC are incurable. Particularly, the 5-year survival rate of patients with stage 4 CRC at diagnosis is less than 10%. Although genetic understanding of these CRC tumors and paired metastases has led to major advances in elucidating early driver genes responsible for carcinogenesis and metastasis, the pathophysiological contribution of transcriptional and epigenetic aberrations in this malignancy which influence many central signaling pathways have attracted attention recently. Therefore, treatments that could affect several different molecular pathways may have pivotal implications for their efficacy. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the molecular network of CRC, including cellular signaling pathways, CRC microenvironment modulation, epigenetic changes, and CRC biomarkers for diagnosis and predictive/prognostic use. We also provide an overview of opportunities for the treatment and prevention strategies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- The Department of 11 General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Colorectal Hernia Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingli Yang
- The Department of 3Oncology, Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Mingli Yang,
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16
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Patel DA, Blay J. Seeding metastases: The role and clinical utility of circulating tumour cells. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:285-306. [PMID: 34690152 DOI: 10.3233/tub-210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral human blood is a readily-accessible source of patient material in which circulating tumour cells (CTCs) can be found. Their isolation and characterization holds the potential to provide prognostic value for various solid cancers. Enumeration of CTCs from blood is becoming a common practice in informing prognosis and may guide therapy decisions. It is further recognized that enumeration alone does not capture perspective on the heterogeneity of tumours and varying functional abilities of the CTCs to interact with the secondary microenvironment. Characterizing the isolated CTCs further, in particular assessing their functional abilities, can track molecular changes in the disease progress. As a step towards identifying a suite of functional features of CTCs that could aid in clinical decisions, developing a CTC isolation technique based on extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions may provide a more solid foundation for isolating the cells of interest. Techniques based on size, charge, density, and single biomarkers are not sufficient as they underutilize other characteristics of cancer cells. The ability of cancer cells to interact with ECM proteins presents an opportunity to utilize their full character in capturing, and also allows assessment of the features that reveal how cells might behave at secondary sites during metastasis. This article will review some common techniques and recent advances in CTC capture technologies. It will further explore the heterogeneity of the CTC population, challenges they experience in their metastatic journey, and the advantages of utilizing an ECM-based platform for CTC capture. Lastly, we will discuss how tailored ECM approaches may present an optimal platform to capture an influential heterogeneous population of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep A Patel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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17
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Gold M, Pachmann K, Kiani A, Schobert R. Monitoring of circulating epithelial tumor cells using the Maintrac ® method and its potential benefit for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:201. [PMID: 34462657 PMCID: PMC8375047 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells are an important link between primary tumors and metastases. A longitudinal monitoring of their numbers and properties can provide valuable information on therapy response and disease progression for patients with colorectal cancer. As several techniques for the detection of circulating tumor cells are notorious for yielding low detection rates in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer, the present study aimed to perform a proof-of-principle study using the Maintrac® approach for an assessment of circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs) in patients with colorectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant radio/chemotherapy (R/CT). CETCs in the peripheral blood of 22 patients with colorectal cancer were quantified by fluorescence image analysis (Maintrac®) before and after the first cycle of a neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant R/CT, as well as before and after surgical resection of the primary tumor. To determine that blood-borne CETCs originate from tumor tissues, spheres were cultured from CETCs as well as from primary tumor tissue and compared with the expression of tumor-specific antigens. Within the scope of this study, it was demonstrated that the Maintrac® method allows for the precise detection and characterization of CETCs in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer independent of tumor stage. Furthermore, correlations between CETC parameters and patients' response to neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant R/CT that have been described in previous literature could be reproduced. Whether the observed trends are of a general nature and suitable as an auxiliary criterion for prognosis and treatment decisions remains to be shown. Patients with rectal cancer may benefit from CETC monitoring as a method to select suitable patients for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Gold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Katharina Pachmann
- Transfusion Centre Bayreuth, SIMFO GmbH Bayreuth, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Kiani
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, D-95445 Bayreuth, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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18
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Rzhevskiy A, Kapitannikova A, Malinina P, Volovetsky A, Aboulkheyr Es H, Kulasinghe A, Thiery JP, Maslennikova A, Zvyagin AV, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Emerging role of circulating tumor cells in immunotherapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:8057-8075. [PMID: 34335980 PMCID: PMC8315079 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, immunotherapy, in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, has revolutionized the treatment of several types of cancer. At the same time, the uptake in clinical oncology has been slow owing to the high cost of treatment, associated toxicity profiles and variability of the response to treatment between patients. In response, personalized approaches based on predictive biomarkers have emerged as new tools for patient stratification to achieve effective immunotherapy. Recently, the enumeration and molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been highlighted as prognostic biomarkers for the management of cancer patients during chemotherapy and for targeted therapy in a personalized manner. The expression of immune checkpoints on CTCs has been reported in a number of solid tumor types and has provided new insight into cancer immunotherapy management. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the identification of immune checkpoints using CTCs and shed light on the potential applications of CTCs towards the identification of predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Rzhevskiy
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alina Kapitannikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Malinina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1, Minini Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Arthur Volovetsky
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | | | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Maslennikova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- The Chair of Cancer, Radiotherapy and Radiologic Diagnostics, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhniy Novgorod. Russia 603005
| | - Andrei V. Zvyagin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- IBCh - Shemyakin Ovchinnikov Institute of BioOrganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho Maklai Street, 16, Moscow, Russia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 2007 Sydney, Australia
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19
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Sun M, Zuo D, Wang H, Sheng J, Ma X, Wang C, Zan P, Hua Y, Sun W, Cai Z. Surgical Treatment of Sacral Metastatic Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:640933. [PMID: 34249683 PMCID: PMC8267802 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.640933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study intends to retrospectively analyze the data of patients with sacral metastases in our center, and analyze the treatment methods and therapeutic effects of sacral metastases. Methods 73 patients with sacral metastases treated in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 54 cases of neurological symptoms, 42 cases of sacroiliac joint instability, 24 cases of lower limb muscle weakness and 19 cases of abnormal urination and defecation. Four patients with tumors below S3 underwent complete tumor resection, 23 patients with tumors above S3 and without sacroiliac joint instability underwent tumor curettage and nerve root lysis, 34 patients with tumors above S3 and sacroiliac joint instability underwent tumor curettage, nerve root release and screw rod reconstruction. 12 patients with multiple metastases underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and sacroplasty. VAS was used to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative pain scores, and the postoperative pain relief, neurological function, bowel function, wound healing and complications were evaluated. Results There were no perioperative death, 8 cases of poor wound healing, 5 cases of nerve injury, postoperative sensory and motor loss of lower limbs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in 7 cases. The patients were followed up for 6-25 months (mean 12 months). The VAS scores of patients with pain symptoms were 7 points before operation and 1.44 points after operation, In 19 patients with abnormal urination and defecation function, 12 patients recovered to normal 3-6 months after operation, 5 cases had no significant change compared with preoperative, and 2 cases had aggravated symptoms; 17 cases of patients with lower limb muscle strength were significantly recovered after operation, and the average muscle strength was increased by 2 grades; 30 cases of patients with unstable sacroiliac joint got internal fixation had significantly pain relief. Pain symptoms of 9 patients were significantly relieved after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Conclusion the operation of sacral metastases mainly adopts a relatively conservative surgical method, which can effectively improve the quality of life of patients with sacral metastases by retaining the nerve function and relieving the pain of patients, combining with radiofrequency ablation, sacroplasty and targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakang Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongren Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Zan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
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20
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Mazard T, Cayrefourcq L, Perriard F, Senellart H, Linot B, de la Fouchardière C, Terrebonne E, François E, Obled S, Guimbaud R, Mineur L, Fonck M, Daurès JP, Ychou M, Assenat E, Alix-Panabières C. Clinical Relevance of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The COLOSPOT Prospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122966. [PMID: 34199250 PMCID: PMC8231886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a “real-time liquid biopsy” in epithelial tumors for personalized medicine has received tremendous attention over the past years, with important clinical implications. In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the CellSearch® system has already demonstrated its prognostic value and interest in monitoring treatment response, but the number of recovered CTCs remains low. In this article, we evaluate the early prognostic and predictive value of viable CTCs in patients with mCRC treated with FOLFIRI–bevacizumab with an alternative approach, the functional EPISPOT assay. This study shows that viable CTCs can be detected in patients with mCRC before and during FOLFIRI–bevacizumab treatment and that CTC detection at D28 and the D0–D28 CTC kinetics evaluated with the EPISPOT assay are associated with response to treatment. Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) allow the real-time monitoring of tumor course and treatment response. This prospective multicenter study evaluates and compares the early predictive value of CTC enumeration with EPISPOT, a functional assay that detects only viable CTCs, and with the CellSearch® system in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: Treatment-naive patients with mCRC and measurable disease (RECIST criteria 1.1) received FOLFIRI–bevacizumab until progression or unacceptable toxicity. CTCs in peripheral blood were enumerated at D0, D14, D28, D42, and D56 (EPISPOT assay) and at D0 and D28 (CellSearch® system). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed with the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Results: With the EPISPOT assay, at least 1 viable CTC was detected in 21% (D0), 15% (D14), 12% (D28), 10% (D42), and 12% (D56) of 155 patients. PFS and OS were shorter in patients who remained positive, with viable CTCs between D0 and D28 compared with the other patients (PFS = 7.36 vs. 9.43 months, p = 0.0161 and OS = 25.99 vs. 13.83 months, p = 0.0178). The prognostic and predictive values of ≥3 CTCs (CellSearch® system) were confirmed. Conclusions: CTC detection at D28 and the D0–D28 CTC dynamics evaluated with the EPISPOT assay were associated with outcomes and may predict response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Mazard
- IRCM, Inserm, University of Montpellier, ICM, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Montpellier, St. Eloi Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.A.-P.); Tel.: +33-4-67-61-30-29 (T.M.); +33-4-11-75-99-31 (C.A.-P.); Fax: +33-4-67-61-23-47 (T.M.); +33-4-67-33-52-81 (C.A.-P.)
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Center of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Perriard
- Biostatistiques, Nouvelles Technologies, AESIO Santé, 34394 Montpellier, France; (F.P.); (J.-P.D.)
| | - Hélène Senellart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44800 Saint Herblain, France;
| | - Benjamin Linot
- Department of Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 49100 Nantes-Angers, France;
| | | | - Eric Terrebonne
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Haut-Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France;
| | | | - Stéphane Obled
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Montpellier-Nîmes, Carémeau Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France;
| | - Rosine Guimbaud
- Department of Oncology, Toulouse-Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Laurent Mineur
- Oncology, Radiotherapy, Sainte-Catherine Institut, 84918 Avignon, France;
| | - Marianne Fonck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Jean-Pierre Daurès
- Biostatistiques, Nouvelles Technologies, AESIO Santé, 34394 Montpellier, France; (F.P.); (J.-P.D.)
| | - Marc Ychou
- IRCM, Inserm, University of Montpellier, ICM, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Eric Assenat
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Montpellier, St. Eloi Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Center of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.A.-P.); Tel.: +33-4-67-61-30-29 (T.M.); +33-4-11-75-99-31 (C.A.-P.); Fax: +33-4-67-61-23-47 (T.M.); +33-4-67-33-52-81 (C.A.-P.)
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21
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Mazouji O, Ouhajjou A, Incitti R, Mansour H. Updates on Clinical Use of Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, Follow-Up, and Treatment Guidance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660924. [PMID: 34150757 PMCID: PMC8213391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, being the third most diagnosed in the world and the second deadliest. Solid biopsy provides an essential guide for the clinical management of patients with colorectal cancer; however, this method presents several limitations, in particular invasiveness, and cannot be used repeatedly. Recently, clinical research directed toward the use of liquid biopsy, as an alternative tool to solid biopsy, showed significant promise in several CRC clinical applications, as (1) detect CRC patients at early stage, (2) make treatment decision, (3) monitor treatment response, (4) predict relapses and metastases, (5) unravel tumor heterogeneity, and (6) detect minimal residual disease. The purpose of this short review is to describe the concept, the characteristics, the genetic components, and the technologies used in liquid biopsy in the context of the management of colorectal cancer, and finally we reviewed gene alterations, recently described in the literature, as promising potential biomarkers that may be specifically used in liquid biopsy tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma Mazouji
- GES-LCM2E, FPN, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | | | - Roberto Incitti
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Mansour
- GES-LCM2E, FPN, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
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22
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Lengyel CG, Hussain S, Trapani D, El Bairi K, Altuna SC, Seeber A, Odhiambo A, Habeeb BS, Seid F. The Emerging Role of Liquid Biopsy in Gastric Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2108. [PMID: 34068319 PMCID: PMC8153353 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Liquid biopsy (LB) is a novel diagnostic method with the potential of revolutionizing the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of several solid tumors. The present paper aims to summarize the current knowledge and explore future possibilities of LB in the management of metastatic gastric cancer. (2) Methods: This narrative review examined the most recent literature on the use of LB-based techniques in metastatic gastric cancer and the current LB-related clinical trial landscape. (3) Results: In gastric cancer, the detection of circulating cancer cells (CTCs) has been recognized to have a prognostic role in all the disease stages. In the setting of localized disease, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) qualitative and quantitative detection have the potential to inform on the risk of cancer recurrence and metastatic dissemination. In addition, gastric cancer-released exosomes may play an essential part in metastasis formation. In the metastatic setting, the levels of cfDNA show a positive correlation with tumor burden. There is evidence that circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) in the blood of metastatic patients is an independent prognostic factor for shorter overall survival. Gastric cancer-derived exosomal microRNAs or clonal mutations and copy number variations detectable in ctDNA may contribute resistance to chemotherapy or targeted therapies, respectively. There is conflicting and limited data on CTC-based PD-L1 verification and cfDNA-based Epstein-Barr virus detection to predict or monitor immunotherapy responses. (4) Conclusions: Although preliminary studies analyzing LBs in patients with advanced gastric cancer appear promising, more research is required to obtain better insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to systemic therapies. Moreover, validation and standardization of LB methods are crucial before introducing them in clinical practice. The feasibility of repeatable, minimally invasive sampling opens up the possibility of selecting or dynamically changing therapies based on prognostic risk or predictive biomarkers, such as resistance markers. Research is warranted to exploit a possible transforming area of cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadaqat Hussain
- North West Cancer Center, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK;
| | - Dario Trapani
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | | | | | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andrew Odhiambo
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 30197, Kenya;
| | - Baker Shalal Habeeb
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaqlawa Teaching Hospital, Shaqlawa, Erbil 44005, Iraq;
| | - Fahmi Seid
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa 1560, Ethiopia;
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23
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Cui C, Lan P, Fu L. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:442-471. [PMID: 33773092 PMCID: PMC8211353 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer encompasses a range of malignancies that originate in the digestive system, which together represent the most common form of cancer diagnosed worldwide. However, despite numerous advances in both diagnostics and treatment, the incidence and mortality rate of GI cancer are on the rise. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that increase in number under certain pathological conditions, such as infection and inflammation, and this expansion is of particular relevance to cancer. MDSCs are heavily involved in the regulation of the immune system and act to dampen its response to tumors, favoring the escape of tumor cells from immunosurveillance and increasing both metastasis and recurrence. Several recent studies have supported the use of MDSCs as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in patients with cancer, and potentially as a novel treatment target. In the present review, the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs are described, and recent researches concerning the involvement of MDSCs in the progression, prognosis, and therapies of GI cancer are reviewed. The aim of this work was to present the development of novel treatments targeting MDSCs in GI cancer in the hope of improving outcomes for patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Penglin Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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24
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Song BG, Kwon W, Kim H, Lee EM, Han YM, Kim H, Byun Y, Lee KB, Lee KH, Lee KT, Lee JK, Jang JY, Park JK. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Evaluation as a Prognostic Marker. Front Oncol 2021; 10:616440. [PMID: 33680936 PMCID: PMC7930477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.616440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are useful biomarkers of many solid tumors, but are infrequently detected in early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). The first drainage of pancreatic venous blood flow come to portal vein and pass through the liver, and they finally go out for peripheral blood. We thought that comparing CTCs from portal vein and peripheral blood could enable us to understand the clinical meaning of CTCs from each different site in PDACs. Therefore, we aimed to determine 1) whether CTCs could be reliably identified in early stages (operable) of PDACs, 2) if there are any differences in the detected number of CTC in portal vein blood and peripheral blood, and 3) whether CTCs can be sensitive biomarkers for the prognosis of resectable PDAC patients. Newly diagnosed PDAC patients who underwent operation with curative intention between 2013 and 2015 were prospectively enrolled. Blood draws from portal and peripheral vein ran through the microfabricated porous filter, and anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and anti-Plectin-1 antibodies were used for CTC identification. Baseline clinical characteristics, tumor characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes were assessed. The clinical stages of the 32 enrolled patients were as follows: IA/IB 1 (3.1%); IIA 9 (28.1%); IIB 17 (53.1%); III 5 (15.6%). Twenty-seven patients (84.4%) received R0 resection, while five patients (15.6%) received R1 resection. EpCAM+ CTCs were detected in 20 portal blood (62.5%) and 22 peripheral blood (68.8%). Plectin-1+ CTCs were identified in 14 portal blood (43.8%) and 16 peripheral blood (50%). Plectin-1-expressing CTCs were picked from CTC platform (microfabricated porous filter) and we could find out all KRAS mutation. Patients with detectable EpCAM+ CTC less than one in peripheral blood showed longer overall survival (OS) compared to patients with detectable CTCs more than one (35.5 months vs. 16.0 months). EpCAM and Plectin-1 successfully identified CTCs at the early stage of PDACs. Also, the number of CTCs could be a prognostic marker for survival in resectable PDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Geun Song
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongbeom Kim
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhyeong Byun
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bun Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Taek Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Kyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Kyung Park
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Ning D, Cui K, Liu M, Ou Y, Wang Z, Zou B, Shen Y, Lu X, Li S, Li P. Comparison of CellSearch and Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC)-Biopsy Systems in Detecting Peripheral Blood Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e926565. [PMID: 33408319 PMCID: PMC7802377 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare circulating tumor cells (CTCs)/circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) detection rates of the CellSearch and CTC-Biopsy systems in patients with gastric cancer (GC). We also investigated potential correlations between clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with GC. Material/Methods This prospective study was conducted at the Shandong Institute of Cancer Prevention and Control in China. Fifty-nine patients with GC and 22 healthy volunteers were recruited and their peripheral blood samples were examined by the CTC-Biopsy system and CellSearch system for CTC. Results The rate of detection of CTCs/CTM was significantly higher with the CTC-Biopsy system than with the CellSearch system (59.32% vs. 27.12%, P<0.001). The Kappa value was 0.179, indicating poor consistency. CTCs detected with the CellSearch system in patients with stage III/IV GC was significantly correlated with neutrophil count (P=0.020), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) (P=0.009), CA19-9 (P=0.049), tumor size (P=0.026), and the extent of vascular invasion (P=0.007). CTCs detected with the CTC-Biopsy system correlated with tumor differentiation (P=0.010). CTM in patients with stage I/II GC and stage II/IV GC correlated with CEA (P=0.004) and tumor differentiation (P=0.030), respectively. A CTC count >3 detected with the CellSearch system, and not the CTC-Biopsy system, correlated with reduced progression-free survival and overall survival. Conclusions The CTC-Biopsy system was superior to the CellSearch system for detecting CTCs in GC patients. CTM were detected with the CTC-Biopsy system but not with the CellSearch system. CTCs detected with the CellSearch system correlated with various clinicopathological factors and long-term survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ning
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Ou
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhendan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Benkui Zou
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yangyang Shen
- Department of Anesthetics, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xinyang Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Sheng Li
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Pang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical college, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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26
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Huang Y, Jia W, Wang L, Ou Q, Wu X, Xing B. Clearance of circulating tumor DNA in a high-risk stage-IV rectal carcinoma patient with synchronous liver metastases after conversion surgery is correlated with pathologic complete response. Ther Adv Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 14:26317745211020279. [PMID: 34124665 PMCID: PMC8175825 DOI: 10.1177/26317745211020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to grow. Approximately one-third of patients with colorectal cancer develop liver metastases during the natural course of disease. Complete surgical resection is associated with very low mortality in colorectal liver metastasis patients, but only a small fraction of colorectal liver metastasis patients fulfill the selection criteria for surgical treatment. We herein describe a high-risk stage-IV rectal carcinoma patient who was initially unresectable according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines with a clinical risk score of 4 but received conversion surgery combined with systemic chemotherapy and achieved a favorable long-term clinical outcome (pathologic complete response) of approximately 28 months. Furthermore, serial circulating tumor DNA monitoring using next-generation sequencing provided a comprehensive view of the patient's clinical and pathologic status for better clinical decision support over the course of the disease. The absence of circulating tumor DNA/cells after conversion surgery was correlated with pathologic complete response. This case study not only demonstrated that a curative oncosurgical approach could be considered for high-risk colorectal liver metastasis patients under specific circumstances but also highlighted the role of circulating tumor DNA monitoring to gain further insight into the evolution of a patient's response over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- National Center of Gerontology, Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenzhuo Jia
- National Center of Gerontology, Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ou
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Baocai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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27
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Wang F, Yang Q. Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01089 Enhances the Development of Gastric Cancer by Sponging miR-145-5p to Mediate SOX9 Expression. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9213-9224. [PMID: 32982308 PMCID: PMC7508032 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have potential regulatory effects in oncogenesis. Previous studies showed that several lncRNAs could participate in the progression of gastric cancer (GC). However, the specific biological mechanisms in GC are still unclear. We analyzed an lncRNA microarray of GC and selected LINC01089 for study. METHODS LINC01089 expression in GC was tested by qRT-PCR. GC cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 and EdU assays. Cell invasion was assessed using the Transwell assay. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and bioinformatics assay were performed to detect potential targets of LINC01089. Additionally, RNA immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays were performed to clarify their interactions and roles in the regulation of GC progression. RESULTS High LINC01089 expression was observed in GC cells. LINC01089 overexpression notably expedited cell migration, proliferation, and invasion. LINC01089 positively regulated SOX9 expression by competitively binding to microRNA (miR-145-5p). CONCLUSION LINC01089 competitively binds to miR-145-5p to mediate SOX9 expression. LINC01089 may participate in the progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Gastroenteropancreatic Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Gonzalez-Villarreal CA, Quiroz-Reyes AG, Islas JF, Garza-Treviño EN. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells in the Progression to Liver Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1511. [PMID: 32974184 PMCID: PMC7468493 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality. Tumorigenesis is a dynamic process wherein cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their microenvironment promote initiation, progression, and metastasis. Metastatic colonization is an inefficient process that is very complex and is poorly understood; however, in most cases, metastatic disease is not curable, and resistance mechanisms tend to develop against conventional treatments. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms and factors that contribute to the development of metastasis in CRC can aid in the search for specific therapeutic targets for improving standard treatments. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding tumor biology and the use of stroma cells as prognostic factors and inflammatory inducers associated with the use of tumor microenvironments as a promoter of cancer metastasis. Moreover, we look into the importance of CSC, pericytes, and circulating tumor cells as mechanisms that lead to liver metastasis, and we also focus on the cellular and molecular pathways that modulate and regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Finally, we discuss a novel therapeutic target that can potentially eliminate CSCs as a CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana G Quiroz-Reyes
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Jose F Islas
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Elsa N Garza-Treviño
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
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