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Marrone G, Urciuoli S, Candi E, Bernini R, Vanni G, Masci C, Guerriero C, Mancini M, De Lorenzo A, Vignolini P, Noce A. Biological Activities of Molecules Derived from Olea europaea L. Tested In Vitro. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:49. [PMID: 38255664 PMCID: PMC10820526 DOI: 10.3390/life14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra virgin olive oil is a typical food of the Mediterranean area, obtained by pressing Olea europaea L. fruits. Its polyphenols have been studied for their antioxidant function and protective action against cancer and chronic kidney disease. In this in vitro study, we tested titrated extracts from Olea europaea L. on a human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293E) cell line, regarding their pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative capacities, using " IncuCyte® S3 Live-Cell Analysis System". MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected Olea europaea L. active compounds like hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OLE). These extracts were tested at different concentrations and characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS for the content in secondary active metabolites. The real-time observation of cell behavior was performed by IncuCyte, which can quantitatively analyze the cell proliferation and death. RESULTS This study showed that all the tested extracts can significantly inhibit cellular growth at 50 µM but the reduced proliferation is not related to an increase in cellular apoptosis. Instead, the same analysis performed by using extracts at 100 µM reveals that they can inhibit cellular growth, further inducing cellular apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The results on the HEK-293E cells confirmed the antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions of active compounds from an Olea europaea L. matrix in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Urciuoli
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)—DiSIA, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.U.)
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermatopatico Dell’Immacolata—IDI, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vanni
- Breast Unit, Department of Surgical Science, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Masci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Guerriero
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Mancini
- Istituto Dermatopatico Dell’Immacolata—IDI, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vignolini
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)—DiSIA, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.U.)
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Masadah R, Maulana A, Nelwan BJ, Ghaznawie M, Miskad UA, Tawali S, Rauf S, Herman B. Risk-stratification machine learning model using demographic factors, gynaecological symptoms and β-catenin for endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:627. [PMID: 38008739 PMCID: PMC10680196 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demographic features, suggestive gynaecological symptoms, and immunohistochemical expression of endometrial β-catenin have a prognostic capacity for endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. This study assessed the interaction of all variables and developed risk stratification for endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to July 2023 at two teaching hospitals in Makassar Indonesia. Patients (< 70 years old) with suggestive symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma or being referred with disease code N.85 who underwent curettage and/or surgery for pathology assessment except those receiving radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, presence of another carcinoma, coagulation disorder, and history of anti-inflammatory drug use and unreadable samples. Demographic, and clinical symptoms were collected from medical records. Immunohistochemistry staining using mouse-monoclonal antibodies determined the β-catenin expression (percentage, intensity, and H-score) in endometrial tissues. Ordinal and Binary Logistic regression identified the potential predictors to be included in neural networks and decision tree models of histopathological grading according to the World Health Organization/WHO grading classification. RESULTS Abdominal enlargement was associated with worse pathological grading (adjusted odds ratio/aOR 6.7 95% CI 1.8-24.8). Increasing age (aOR 1.1 95% CI 1.03-1.2) and uterus bleeding (aOR 5.3 95% CI 1.3-21.6) were associated with carcinoma but not with %β-catenin and H-Score. However, adjusted by vaginal bleeding and body mass index, lower %β-catenin (aOR 1.03 95% 1.01-1.05) was associated with non-atypical hyperplasia, as well as H-Score (aOR 1.01 95% CI 1.01-1.02). Neural networks and Decision tree risk stratification showed a sensitivity of 80-94.8% and a specificity of 40.6-60% in differentiating non-atypical from atypical and carcinoma. A cutoff of 55% β-catenin area and H-Score of 110, along with other predictors could distinguish non-atypical samples from atypical and carcinoma. CONCLUSION Risk stratification based on demographics, clinical symptoms, and β-catenin possesses a good performance in differentiating non-atypical hyperplasia with later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Masadah
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Aries Maulana
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Berti Julian Nelwan
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mahmud Ghaznawie
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Upik Anderiani Miskad
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Suryani Tawali
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Syahrul Rauf
- Departement of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Bumi Herman
- College of Public Health Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Tsyndrenko N, Lyndіn M, Sikora K, Wireko AA, Abdul-Rahman T, Hyriavenko N, Romaniuk A. ER and COX2 expression in endometrial hyperplasia processes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34864. [PMID: 37603513 PMCID: PMC10443758 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial hyperplastic processes (EHPs) encompass various morphological changes, characterized by an increased ratio of endometrial glands to stroma. These changes manifest as endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial polyps. The objective of this study was to investigate the expressions of ER and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in EH and endometrial polyps, and determine their correlation with histological and anthropometric parameters. Tissue samples were obtained during hysteroresectoscopy and divided into 3 groups: non-atypical EH, glandular EP, and glandular-fibrous EP. We examined the immunoprofile of epithelial and stromal cells using rabbit polyclonal anti-COX2 antibodies and rabbit monoclonal anti-ER antibodies (clone SP1). Our results indicate that there is no association between the expressions of ER and COX2 and the type of EHP. Furthermore, the expression levels of ER and COX2 are not influenced by the patients anthropometric parameters. However, tissues with EHPs exhibited significantly higher COX2 expression compared to intact tissues. We also observed a direct correlation between ER and COX2 expression in the endometrial epithelium. The variability in ER and COX2 expressions observed in hyperplastic processes of the endometrium potentially suggests their synergistic involvement in the initiation and progression of EHPs, as well as their potential role in subsequent tumor transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mykola Lyndіn
- Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Moar K, Pant A, Saini V, Maurya PK. Potential biomarkers in endometrial cancer: a narrative review. Biomarkers 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36755526 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2179114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Every year, approximately 0.4 million women suffer from endometrial cancer (EC) worldwide and it has become the most common gynecological malignancy. Almost 66% of EC cases are diagnosed at an early stage and can be cured by performing surgery while those at an advanced stage turns out to be fatal. Biomarkers of endometrial cancer would be very valuable for screening of women who are at high risk and in detecting the chance of recurrence of disease. OBJECTIVE The current article has reviewed studies published on expression of biomarkers and susceptibility to EC. METHODS Google Scholar and PubMed were used as searching platforms and we have majorly considered the literature from last 10 years. RESULTS Potential biomarkers of EC identified from various studies were summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
| | - Anuja Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
| | - Vikas Saini
- Biomedical Sciences, Department of Vocational Studies and Skill Development, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
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Allagui I, Horchani M, Zammel N, Jalouli M, Elfeki A, Kallel C, Mansour L, Alwasel S, Harrath AH, Jannet HB, Salah Allagui M, Hcini K. Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cleome arabica L. Fruits Extract against Formalin Induced Chronic Inflammation in Female Wistar Rat: Biochemical, Histological, and In Silico Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010026. [PMID: 36615222 PMCID: PMC9822204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the use of herbs and plants has been of great interest, as they have been the sources of natural products, commonly named as bioactive compounds. In specific, the natural compounds from the Capparaceae family which has been proved to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-carcinogenic activities, by several studies. Cleome arabica L. (CA) specie is the most used medicinal plants in Tunisia and elsewhere in North African countries for treatment of various diseases including diabetes, rheumatism, inflammation, cancer, and digestive disorders. The current work was undertaken to estimate the total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannin contents, to identify and quantify the polyphenolic compounds, and to evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory proprieties of CA fruits extract against formalin induced chronic inflammation in Female Wistar rats. In fact, the antioxidant activity was tested by Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Nitric Oxide radical (NO·). Anti-inflammatory effect of fruits extract was examined using formalin (2%) induced paw edema in rats. Molecular docking tools were used to investigate the interaction of some compounds from CA fruits extract with the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) target protein. Our results showed that, the total phenolic, flavonoid and tannins contents, which were assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu, Quercetin, and Catechin methods, respectively, were 230.22 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (mg GAE/g DW), 55.08 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight (QE/g DW) and 15.17 mg catechin equivalents/g dry weight (CatE/g DW), respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of five polyphenolic compounds whose catechin was found to be the most abundant compounds. The antioxidant activity of extract was quantified by DPPH, FRAP and NO· tests and IC50 reached the values of 3.346 mg/mL, 2.306 and 0.023 mg/mL, respectively. Cleome fruits ameliorated the histological integrity of the skin and alleviated the disruptions in hematological parameters (WBC, LYM, RBC, and HGB), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), C-reactive protein, and some oxidative stress markers (TBARS (-49%) and AOPP (-42%) levels, SOD (+33%) and GPx (+75%) activities, and GSH (+49%) content) induced by formalin injection. Moreover, the in-silico investigation had shown that CA fruits extract compounds have a stronger interaction with COX-2 active site, more than the reference drug "indomethacin" (two H-bonds). Our research gives pharmacological backing to the healthcare utilization of Cleome plant in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and oxidative harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Allagui
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, Sfax 3052, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University Campus Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Mabrouk Horchani
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11Es39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Nourhene Zammel
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfatteh Elfeki
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, Sfax 3052, Tunisia
| | - Choumous Kallel
- Laboratory of Hematology, University of Sfax, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.H.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11Es39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Allagui
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, Sfax 3052, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University Campus Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Kheiria Hcini
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory (LR11ES09), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University Campus Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (A.H.H.); (K.H.)
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Lyndin M, Kravtsova O, Sikora K, Lyndina Y, Kuzenko Y, Awuah WA, Abdul-Rahman T, Hyriavenko N, Sikora V, Romaniuk A. COX2 Effects on endometrial carcinomas progression. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154082. [PMID: 36049440 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Uterine corpus cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecologic malignancies, among which endometrial cancers (EC) represent about 90 %. Despite the proven predictive value of several immunohistochemical markers, there remains a need to identify new indicators of EC progression and exploit them for therapeutic purposes. Potential candidates with diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy include cyclooxygenases (COXs). We studied 50 EC cases: 30 endometrioid (EEC), 10 serous (SEC), 10 clear-cell endometrial carcinomas (CCEC) and 10 cases of normal endometrial tissues. We investigated the expression of COX2, ER, PR, Ki-67, EGFR, p53, Bcl-2, VEGF, MMP1, CD31, and CD163 immunohistochemically. COX2 levels in EC tissue are elevated compared to the normal endometrium and depend on tumour histological features and differentiation. Elevated COX2 leads to increased tumour cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, increased VEGF expression, microvessel density, and M2 macrophage infiltration, and inhibition of PR expression. ER, EGFR, and MMP1 levels are unaffected by COX2, whose levels are independent of patient age and FIGO stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lyndin
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - O Kravtsova
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - K Sikora
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine; Sumy Regional Clinical Perinatal Center, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - Yu Lyndina
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - Ye Kuzenko
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - W A Awuah
- Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | | | - N Hyriavenko
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - V Sikora
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - A Romaniuk
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
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Karkia R, Wali S, Payne A, Karteris E, Chatterjee J. Diagnostic Accuracy of Liquid Biomarkers for the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194666. [PMID: 36230588 PMCID: PMC9563808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer rates are increasing annually due to an aging population and rising rates of obesity. Currently there is no widely available, accurate, non-invasive test that can be used to triage women for diagnostic biopsy whilst safely reassuring healthy women without the need for invasive assessment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate studies assessing blood and urine-based biomarkers as a replacement test for endometrial biopsy or as a triage test in symptomatic women. For each primary study, the diagnostic accuracy of different biomarkers was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio and area under ROC curve. Forest plots of summary statistics were constructed for biomarkers which were assessed by multiple studies using data from a random-effect models. All but one study was of blood-based biomarkers. In total, 15 studies reported 29 different exosomal biomarkers; 34 studies reported 47 different proteomic biomarkers. Summary statistic meta-analysis was reported for micro-RNAs, cancer antigens, hormones, and other proteomic markers. Metabolites and circulating tumor materials were also summarized. For the majority of biomarkers, no meta-analysis was possible. There was a low number of small, heterogeneous studies for the majority of evaluated index tests. This may undermine the reliability of summary estimates from the meta-analyses. At present there is no liquid biopsy that is ready to be used as a replacement test for endometrial biopsy. However, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study to report and meta-analyze the diagnostic accuracy of different classes of blood and urine biomarkers for detection of endometrial cancer. This review may thus provide a reference guide for those wishing to explore candidate biomarkers for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Karkia
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Brunel Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah Wali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Annette Payne
- Brunel Department of Computational Science, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Brunel Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Brunel Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
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A Comprehensive Review on the Anti-Cancer Effects of Oleuropein. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081140. [PMID: 36013319 PMCID: PMC9409738 DOI: 10.3390/life12081140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Mediterranean cuisine and culture, olive oil and olive fruits play a significant role. Many people believe that those who consume olive oil and its fruit live longer and have a decreased risk of illness. Olive leaves were used to treat a range of diseases in ancient times, including malaria fever and lower earaches. Although it was not understood at the time what key components were responsible for these effects because they had not yet been discovered, Oleuropein is now recognized as one of the primary elements in immature olive fruits and leaves. Later research was carried out to determine the effects of this molecule, and it was determined that it functions as an antioxidant. Oleuropein consumption has aided in cancer treatment over the years, and this was assumed to be owing to its antioxidant properties. Oleuropein’s effects on cancer, however, go beyond that; it is now known that Oleuropein functions as both an anti-proliferative and an apoptotic promoter in many cancer cells. The kinetics and dosages of Oleuropein and the mechanisms behind its involvement and effects in cancer are explored in this review. Finally, the effects of Oleuropein in combination with anticancer medicines are investigated.
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Liu G, Chen J, Wang X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Tu X. Functionalized 3D-Printed ST2/Gelatin Methacryloyl/Polcaprolactone Scaffolds for Enhancing Bone Regeneration with Vascularization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158347. [PMID: 35955478 PMCID: PMC9368581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors were often used to improve the bioactivity of biomaterials in order to fabricate biofunctionalized bone grafts for bone defect repair. However, supraphysiological concentrations of growth factors for improving bioactivity could lead to serious side effects, such as ectopic bone formation, radiculitis, swelling of soft tissue in the neck, etc. Therefore, safely and effectively applying growth factors in bone repair biomaterials comes to be an urgent problem that needs to be addressed. In this study, an appropriate concentration (50 ng/mL) of Wnt3a was used to pretreat the 3D-bioprinting gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)/polycaprolactone(PCL) scaffold loaded with bone marrow stromal cell line ST2 for 24 h. This pretreatment promoted the cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of ST2 in the scaffold in vitro, and enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis after being implanted in critical-sized mouse calvarial defects. On the contrary, the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ST2 cells reduced the bone repair effect of this scaffold. These results suggested that ST2/GelMA/PCL scaffolds pretreated with an appropriate concentration of Wnt3a in culture medium could effectively enhance the osteogenic and angiogenic activity of bone repair biomaterials both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, it would avoid the side effects caused by the supraphysiological concentrations of growth factors. This functionalized scaffold with osteogenic and angiogenic activity might be used as an outstanding bone substitute for bone regeneration and repair.
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Gómez-Valenzuela F, Escobar E, Pérez-Tomás R, Montecinos VP. The Inflammatory Profile of the Tumor Microenvironment, Orchestrated by Cyclooxygenase-2, Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2021; 11:686792. [PMID: 34178680 PMCID: PMC8222670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) corresponds to a complex and dynamic interconnection between the extracellular matrix and malignant cells and their surrounding stroma composed of immune and mesenchymal cells. The TME has constant cellular communication through cytokines that sustain an inflammatory profile, which favors tumor progression, angiogenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis. Although the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a relevant metastasis-initiating event that promotes an invasive phenotype in malignant epithelial cells, its relationship with the inflammatory profile of the TME is poorly understood. Previous evidence strongly suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression, a pro-inflammatory enzyme related to chronic unresolved inflammation, is associated with common EMT-signaling pathways. This review article summarizes how COX-2 overexpression, within the context of the TME, orchestrates the EMT process and promotes initial metastatic-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernán Gómez-Valenzuela
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrico Escobar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy - Bellvitge, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viviana P Montecinos
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Wu T, Zhang R, Jiang Q, Li Z, Wu R. Expression of cellular adherent and invasive molecules in recurrent ovarian endometriosis. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520971993. [PMID: 33249961 PMCID: PMC7708720 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520971993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine expression of cellular adhesion molecules and
metalloproteinases of the extracellular matrix in ectopic endometrium for
evaluating their roles in recurrence of endometriosis. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 49 female patients (mean age: 30.1±5.5
years) with endometriomas who had undergone two separate operations. After a
maximum follow-up of 80 months, all participants were divided into the
recurrent group or nonrecurrent (control) group. Samples were immunostained
for epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), β-catenin, urokinase plasminogen
activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of
matrix metalloproteinase-2, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase
inducer (EMMPRIN). Results In the recurrent group, E-cadherin concentrations in the membrane and
cytoplasm of ectopic endometrial glandular cells were significantly reduced,
while those of MMP-9 and EMMPRIN were higher than those in the control
group. Additionally, uPA concentrations in the membrane and cytoplasm of
ectopic endometrial glandular, stromal, and vascular endothelial cells were
significantly higher in the recurrent group than in the control group.
Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and β-catenin concentrations
were similar between the groups. Conclusion E-cadherin, MMP-9, and associated factors may contribute to development of
endometriosis. E-cadherin, MMP-9, and uPA may act as potential markers for
detection of recurrence of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoying Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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