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Shao B, Wang YZ, Fang Y. Correlation Between the Expression of DNA Damage Repair Protein OGG1 and Ubiquitination Pathway Protein STUB1 in Pediatric Neuroblastoma. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39219028 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2024.2393351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma, a pediatric malignancy, is significantly influenced by genetic factors. Prior research indicates that the OGG1 rs1052133 G > C polymorphism correlates with a decreased risk of neuroblastoma. METHODS We analyzed 57 neuroblastoma and 21 adrenal samples, using immunohistochemistry to measure OGG1 and STUB1 expression levels. We conducted a survival analysis to explore relationship between the expressions and neuroblastoma prognosis. RESULTS Notably higher OGG1 expression and significantly lower STUB1 expression in neuroblastoma. OGG1 levels were significantly correlated with patient age, tumor location, histological grade, Shimada classification, INSS stage, and risk category. A negative association was observed between OGG1 and STUB1 expressions. Higher OGG1 expression was linked to reduced PFS and OS. Lower STUB1 expression was associated with unfavorable PFS. Additionally, OGG1 expression and risk category emerged as independent predictors of prognosis. CONCLUSION OGG1 potentially functions as an oncogene in NB, with its activity possibly modulated by STUB1 through the ubiquitination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shao
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
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2
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Ognibene M, Parodi S, Amoroso L, Zara F, Pezzolo A. Overexpression of H2AFX gene in neuroblastoma is associated with worse prognosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31146. [PMID: 38938078 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid tumour in childhood, and rises in the sympathetic nervous system. Here, we addressed the in silico analysis of the association between the expression of H2AFX gene involved in DNA damage response, and the survival of a cohort of 786 NB patients. METHODS In silico gene expression was retrieved from the publicly available dataset summarised by Cangelosi et al., including 13,696 gene expression profiles of 786 NB tumours at onset of disease. The prognostic value of H2AFX (H2A histone family member X) gene expression for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. The main results were validated on another openly accessible in silico database (NRC-283) containing 13,489 gene expressions in 283 NB patients. The expression of H2AFX protein was then tested by immunofluorescence on 48 primary NB samples of different tumour stages. H2AFX activity as an oncogene has been further validated in vitro by silencing the molecule in two NB cell lines, characterised by MYCN amplified or not, and performing cell growth and migration assays. RESULTS A strong inverse association between H2AFX expression and patients' survival was observed and confirmed by immunofluorescence results on primary NB tissue sections. Cox regression analysis also disclosed H2AFX as an independent predictor of EFS and OS. The gene-silencing experiments strongly suggested an oncogenic role for H2AFX on NB cells, regardless of MYCN amplification. CONCLUSIONS H2AFX is a prognostic marker for unfavourable NB and could be considered a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Ognibene
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Parodi
- Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Direzione Scientifica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Loredana Amoroso
- UOC Oncologia Pediatrica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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3
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Stevenson LK, Page AJ, Dowson M, ElBadry SK, Barnieh FM, Falconer RA, El-Khamisy SF. The DNA repair kinase ATM regulates CD13 expression and cell migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1359105. [PMID: 38933336 PMCID: PMC11199385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1359105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Classically, ATM is known for its role in sensing double-strand DNA breaks, and subsequently signaling for their repair. Non-canonical roles of ATM include transcriptional silencing, ferroptosis, autophagy and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis mediated by ATM signaling has been shown to be VEGF-independent via p38 signaling. Independently, p38 signaling has been shown to upregulate metalloproteinase expression, including MMP-2 and MMP-9, though it is unclear if this is linked to ATM. Here, we demonstrate ATM regulates aminopeptidase-N (CD13/APN/ANPEP) at the protein level. Positive correlation was seen between ATM activity and CD13 protein expression using both "wildtype" (WT) and knockout (KO) ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells through western blotting; with the same effect shown when treating neuroblastoma cancer cell line SH-SY5Y, as well as AT-WT cells, with ATM inhibitor (ATMi; KU55933). However, qPCR along with publically available RNAseq data from Hu et al. (J. Clin. Invest., 2021, 131, e139333), demonstrated no change in mRNA levels of CD13, suggesting that ATM regulates CD13 levels via controlling protein degradation. This is further supported by the observation that incubation with proteasome inhibitors led to restoration of CD13 protein levels in cells treated with ATMi. Migration assays showed ATM and CD13 inhibition impairs migration, with no additional effect observed when combined. This suggests an epistatic effect, and that both proteins may be acting in the same signaling pathway that influences cell migration. This work indicates a novel functional interaction between ATM and CD13, suggesting ATM may negatively regulate the degradation of CD13, and subsequently cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K. Stevenson
- School of Biosciences, Healthy Lifespan and Neuroscience Institutes, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy J. Page
- School of Biosciences, Healthy Lifespan and Neuroscience Institutes, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Dowson
- School of Biosciences, Healthy Lifespan and Neuroscience Institutes, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sameh K. ElBadry
- School of Biosciences, Healthy Lifespan and Neuroscience Institutes, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Francis M. Barnieh
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Sherif F. El-Khamisy
- School of Biosciences, Healthy Lifespan and Neuroscience Institutes, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
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4
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Martínez-Pacheco ML, Hernández-Lemus E, Mejía C. Analysis of High-Risk Neuroblastoma Transcriptome Reveals Gene Co-Expression Signatures and Functional Features. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1230. [PMID: 37759629 PMCID: PMC10525871 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma represents a neoplastic expansion of neural crest cells in the developing sympathetic nervous system and is childhood's most common extracranial solid tumor. The heterogeneity of gene expression in different types of cancer is well-documented, and genetic features of neuroblastoma have been described by classification, development stage, malignancy, and progression of tumors. Here, we aim to analyze RNA sequencing datasets, publicly available in the GDC data portal, of neuroblastoma tumor samples from various patients and compare them with normal adrenal gland tissue from the GTEx data portal to elucidate the gene expression profile and regulation networks they share. Our results from the differential expression, weighted correlation network, and functional enrichment analyses that we performed with the count data from neuroblastoma and standard normal gland samples indicate that the analysis of transcriptome data from 58 patients diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma shares the expression pattern of 104 genes. More importantly, our analyses identify the co-expression relationship and the role of these genes in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways strongly associated with this disease phenotype. Our approach proposes a group of genes and their biological functions to be further investigated as essential molecules and possible therapeutic targets of neuroblastoma regardless of the etiology of individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Mejía
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico;
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Cupit-Link M, Hagiwara K, Zhang J, Federico SM. Clinical Response to a PARP Inhibitor and Chemotherapy in a Child with BARD1-Mutated Refractory Neuroblastoma: A Case Report. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3250117. [PMID: 37645774 PMCID: PMC10462232 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3250117/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma, approximately half of these patients die from the disease. Targeted therapy based on synthetic lethality associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) caused by germline mutations in homologous recombination repair genes has shown great efficacy in several adult solid tumors. Here we report the first successful treatment of a pediatric patient with refractory neuroblastoma and a germline pathogenic mutation in BARD1 using a PARP inhibitor, talazoparib, in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Allele-specific expression in RNA-seq indicates bi-allelic loss of BARD1 in tumor; however, the HRD score was below the threshold currently used for HRD classification in adult cancers. Our study demonstrates that the use of PARP inhibition in combination with DNA-damaging agents should be considered in children with BARD1-mutated neuroblastoma and cautions against the use of HRD score alone as a biomarker for this pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Cupit-Link
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Kohei Hagiwara
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Sara M. Federico
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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6
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Ceci A, Conte R, Didio A, Landi A, Ruggieri L, Giannuzzi V, Bonifazi F. Target therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma treatment: integration of regulatory and scientific tools is needed. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1113460. [PMID: 37521350 PMCID: PMC10377668 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several new active substances (ASs) targeting neuroblastoma (NBL) are under study. We aim to describe the developmental and regulatory status of a sample of ASs targeting NBL to underline the existing regulatory gaps in product development and to discuss possible improvements. Methods The developmental and regulatory statuses of the identified ASs targeting NBL were investigated by searching for preclinical studies, clinical trials (CTs), marketing authorizations, pediatric investigation plans (PIPs), waivers, orphan designations, and other regulatory procedures. Results A total of 188 ASs were identified. Of these, 55 were considered 'not under development' without preclinical or clinical studies. Preclinical studies were found for 115 ASs, of which 54 were associated with a medicinal product. A total of 283 CTs (as monotherapy or in combination) were identified for 70 ASs. Of these, 52% were at phases 1, 1/2, and 2 aimed at PK/PD/dosing activity. The remaining ones also included efficacy. Phase 3 studies were limited. Studies were completed for 14 ASs and suspended for 11. The highest rate of ASs involved in CTs was observed in the RAS-MAPK-MEK and VEGF groups. A total of 37 ASs were granted with a PIP, of which 14 involved NBL, 41 ASs with a waiver, and 18 ASs with both PIPs and waivers, with the PIP covering pediatric indications different from the adult ones. In almost all the PIPs, preclinical studies were required, together with early-phase CTs often including efficacy evaluation. Two PIPs were terminated because of negative study results, and eight PIPs are in progress. Variations in the SmPC were made for larotrectinib sulfate/Vitrakvi® and entrectinib/Rozlytrek® with the inclusion of a new indication. For both, the related PIPs are still ongoing. The orphan designation has been largely adopted, while PRIME designation has been less implemented. Discussion Several ASs entered early phase CTs but less than one out of four were included in a regulatory process, and only two were granted a pediatric indication extension. Our results confirm that it is necessary to identify a more efficient, less costly, and time-consuming "pediatric developmental model" integrating predictive preclinical study and innovative clinical study designs. Furthermore, stricter integration between scientific and regulatory efforts should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ceci
- Research Department, Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, Bari, Italy
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Yu X, Zhu L, Wang T, Li L, Liu J, Che G, Zhou Q. Enhancing the anti-tumor response by combining DNA damage repair inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188910. [PMID: 37172653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer efficacy of anti-malignancy therapies is related to DNA damage. However, DNA damage-response mechanisms can repair DNA damage, failing anti-tumor therapy. The resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy remains a clinical challenge. Thus, new strategies to overcome these therapeutic resistance mechanisms are needed. DNA damage repair inhibitors (DDRis) continue to be investigated, with polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors being the most studied inhibitors. Evidence of their clinical benefits and therapeutic potential in preclinical studies is growing. In addition to their potential as a monotherapy, DDRis may play an important synergistic role with other anti-cancer therapies or in reversing acquired treatment resistance. Here we review the impact of DDRis on solid tumors and the potential value of combinations of different treatment modalities with DDRis for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Yu
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 10 Qinyun Nan Street, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guowei Che
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Boltman T, Meyer M, Ekpo O. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma Cancers Using Chlorotoxin Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3388. [PMID: 37444498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) and high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) are known to have poor therapeutic outcomes. As for most cancers, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the current mainstay treatments for GB and NB. However, the known limitations of systemic toxicity, drug resistance, poor targeted delivery, and inability to access the blood-brain barrier (BBB), make these treatments less satisfactory. Other treatment options have been investigated in many studies in the literature, especially nutraceutical and naturopathic products, most of which have also been reported to be poorly effective against these cancer types. This necessitates the development of treatment strategies with the potential to cross the BBB and specifically target cancer cells. Compounds that target the endopeptidase, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), have been reported to offer therapeutic insights for GB and NB since MMP-2 is known to be over-expressed in these cancers and plays significant roles in such physiological processes as angiogenesis, metastasis, and cellular invasion. Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a promising 36-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the deathstalker scorpion, Leiurus quinquestriatus, demonstrating high selectivity and binding affinity to a broad-spectrum of cancers, especially GB and NB through specific molecular targets, including MMP-2. The favorable characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) such as their small sizes, large surface area for active targeting, BBB permeability, etc. make CTX-functionalized NPs (CTX-NPs) promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications for addressing the many challenges associated with these cancers. CTX-NPs may function by improving diffusion through the BBB, enabling increased localization of chemotherapeutic and genotherapeutic drugs to diseased cells specifically, enhancing imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), optical imaging techniques, image-guided surgery, as well as improving the sensitization of radio-resistant cells to radiotherapy treatment. This review discusses the characteristics of GB and NB cancers, related treatment challenges as well as the potential of CTX and its functionalized NP formulations as targeting systems for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic purposes. It also provides insights into the potential mechanisms through which CTX crosses the BBB to bind cancer cells and provides suggestions for the development and application of novel CTX-based formulations for the diagnosis and treatment of GB and NB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taahirah Boltman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Okobi Ekpo
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Parvin S, Akter J, Takenobu H, Katai Y, Satoh S, Okada R, Haruta M, Mukae K, Wada T, Ohira M, Ando K, Kamijo T. ATM depletion induces proteasomal degradation of FANCD2 and sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to PARP inhibitors. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:313. [PMID: 37020276 PMCID: PMC10077671 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic alterations, including loss of function in chromosome band 11q22-23, are frequently observed in neuroblastoma, which is the most common extracranial childhood tumour. In neuroblastoma, ATM, a DNA damage response-associated gene located on 11q22-23, has been linked to tumorigenicity. Genetic changes in ATM are heterozygous in most tumours. However, it is unclear how ATM is associated with tumorigenesis and cancer aggressiveness. METHODS To elucidate its molecular mechanism of action, we established ATM-inactivated NGP and CHP-134 neuroblastoma cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The knock out cells were rigorously characterized by analyzing proliferation, colony forming abilities and responses to PARP inhibitor (Olaparib). Western blot analyses were performed to detect different protein expression related to DNA repair pathway. ShRNA lentiviral vectors were used to knockdown ATM expression in SK-N-AS and SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell lines. ATM knock out cells were stably transfected with FANCD2 expression plasmid to over-expressed the FANCD2. Moreover, knock out cells were treated with proteasome inhibitor MG132 to determine the protein stability of FANCD2. FANCD2, RAD51 and γH2AX protein expressions were determined by Immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Haploinsufficient ATM resulted in increased proliferation (p < 0.01) and cell survival following PARP inhibitor (olaparib) treatment. However, complete ATM knockout decreased proliferation (p < 0.01) and promoted cell susceptibility to olaparib (p < 0.01). Complete loss of ATM suppressed the expression of DNA repair-associated molecules FANCD2 and RAD51 and induced DNA damage in neuroblastoma cells. A marked downregulation of FANCD2 expression was also observed in shRNA-mediated ATM-knockdown neuroblastoma cells. Inhibitor experiments demonstrated that the degradation of FANCD2 was regulated at the protein level through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Reintroduction of FANCD2 expression is sufficient to reverse decreased proliferation mediated by ATM depletion. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the molecular mechanism underlying ATM heterozygosity in neuroblastomas and elucidated that ATM inactivation enhances the susceptibility of neuroblastoma cells to olaparib treatment. These findings might be useful in the treatment of high-risk NB patients showing ATM zygosity and aggressive cancer progression in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Parvin
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Jesmin Akter
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Hisanori Takenobu
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yutaka Katai
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Shunpei Satoh
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Ryu Okada
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masayuki Haruta
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Mukae
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Tomoko Wada
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Miki Ohira
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Ando
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kamijo
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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El-Hajjar M, Gerhardt L, Hong MMY, Krishnamoorthy M, Figueredo R, Zheng X, Koropatnick J, Maleki Vareki S. Inducing mismatch repair deficiency sensitizes immune-cold neuroblastoma to anti-CTLA4 and generates broad anti-tumor immune memory. Mol Ther 2023; 31:535-551. [PMID: 36068918 PMCID: PMC9931548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade can induce potent and durable responses in patients with highly immunogenic mismatch repair-deficient tumors; however, these drugs are ineffective against immune-cold neuroblastoma tumors. To establish a role for a T cell-based therapy against neuroblastoma, we show that T cell and memory T cell-dependent gene expression are associated with improved survival in high-risk neuroblastoma patients. To stimulate anti-tumor immunity and reproduce this immune phenotype in neuroblastoma tumors, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knockout MLH1-a crucial molecule in the DNA mismatch repair pathway-to induce mismatch repair deficiency in a poorly immunogenic murine neuroblastoma model. Induced mismatch repair deficiency increased the expression of proinflammatory genes and stimulated T cell infiltration into neuroblastoma tumors. In contrast to adult cancers with induced mismatch repair deficiency, neuroblastoma tumors remained unresponsive to anti-PD1 treatment. However, anti-CTLA4 therapy was highly effective against these tumors. Anti-CTLA4 therapy promoted immune memory and T cell epitope spreading in cured animals. Mechanistically, the effect of anti-CTLA4 therapy against neuroblastoma tumors with induced mismatch repair deficiency is CD4+ T cell dependent, as depletion of these cells abolished the effect. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy involving mismatch repair deficiency-based T cell infiltration of neuroblastoma tumors combined with anti-CTLA4 can serve as a novel T cell-based treatment strategy for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikal El-Hajjar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lara Gerhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Megan M Y Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rene Figueredo
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - James Koropatnick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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11
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Ma K, Zhang P, Xia Y, Dong L, Li Y, Liu L, Liu Y, Wang Y. A signature based on five immune-related genes to predict the survival and immune characteristics of neuroblastoma. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:242. [PMID: 36419120 PMCID: PMC9685875 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYCN amplification (MNA) has been proved to be related to poor prognosis in neuroblastoma (NBL), but the MYCN-related immune signatures and genes remain unclear. METHODS Enrichment analysis was used to identify the significant enrichment pathways of differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs). Weight gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to reveal the correlation between these DEIRGs and MYCN status. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to construct risk model. The relevant fractions of immune cells were evaluated by CIBERSORT and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). RESULTS Five genes, including CHGA, PTGER1, SHC3, PLXNC1, and TRIM55 were enrolled into the risk model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that our model performed well in predicting the outcomes of NBL (3-years AUC = 0.720, 5-year AUC = 0.775, 10-years AUC = 0.782), which has been validated in the GSE49711 dataset and the E-MTAB-8248 dataset. By comparing with the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) and tumor inflammation signature (TIS), we further proved that our model is reliable. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the risk score, age, and MYCN can serve as independent prognostic factors in the E-MATB-8248. Functional enrichment analysis showed the DEIRGs were enriched in leukocyte adhesion-related signaling pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the significantly enriched pathways of the five MYCN-related DEIRGs. The risk score was negatively correlated with the immune checkpoint CD274 (PD-L1) but no significant difference with the TMB. We also confirmed the prognostic value of our model in predicting immunotherapeutics. CONCLUSION We constructed and verified a signature based on DEIRG that related to MNA and predicted the survival of NBL based on relevant immune signatures. These findings could provide help for predicting prognosis and developing immunotherapy in NBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- KeXin Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, China
| | - PeiPei Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, China
| | - YaJuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, China
| | - YouJun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Jacobson JC, Qiao J, Clark RA, Chung DH. Combination bromo- and extraterminal domain and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition synergistically enhances DNA damage and inhibits neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:103. [PMID: 36227363 PMCID: PMC9562984 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE JQ1 is a bromo- and extraterminal (BET) domain inhibitor that downregulates MYC expression and impairs the DNA damage response. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors prevent DNA damage sensing and repair. We hypothesized that JQ1 would promote a DNA repair-deficient phenotype that sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to PARP inhibition. METHODS Four human neuroblastoma cell lines were examined: two MYCN-amplified (BE(2)-C and IMR-32), and two non-MYCN-amplified (SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y). Cells were treated with JQ1 (BET inhibitor), Olaparib (PARP inhibitor), or in combination to assess for therapeutic synergy of JQ1 and Olaparib. Treated cells were harvested and analyzed. Quantitative assessment of combination treatment synergy was performed using the median effect principle of Chou and Talalay. RESULTS Combination treatment with Olaparib decreased the IC50 of JQ1 by 19.9-fold, 2.0-fold, 12.1-fold, and 2.0-fold in the BE(2)-C, IMR-32, SK-N-SH, and SH-SY5Y cell lines, respectively. In the MYCN-amplified cell lines, BE(2)-C and IMR-32, combination treatment decreased gene expression of MYCN relative to single-drug treatment alone or control. Combination treatment decreased protein expression of DNA repair proteins Ku80 and RAD51, led to accumulation of DNA damage marker phospho-histone H2A.X, and increased caspase activity. In the non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y, combination treatment induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Combination BET and PARP inhibition synergistically inhibited neuroblastoma tumorigenesis in vitro. In MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells, this effect may be induced by downregulation of MYCN transcription, defects in DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, and apoptosis. In non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, combination treatment induced cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian C Jacobson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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13
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Cappabianca L, Sebastiano M, Ruggieri M, Sbaffone M, Zelli V, Farina AR, Mackay AR. Doxorubicin-Induced TrkAIII Activation: A Selection Mechanism for Resistant Dormant Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810895. [PMID: 36142807 PMCID: PMC9503591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced neuroblastoma (NB) receive multimodal clinical therapy, including the potent anthracycline chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (Dox). The acquisition of Dox resistance, however, is a major barrier to a sustained response and leads to a poor prognosis in advanced disease states, reinforcing the need to identify and inhibit Dox resistance mechanisms. In this context, we report on the identification and inhibition of a novel Dox resistance mechanism. This mechanism is characterized by the Dox-induced activation of the oncogenic TrkAIII alternative splice variant, resulting in increased Dox resistance, and is blocked by lestaurtinib, entrectinib, and crizotinib tyrosine kinase and LY294002 IP3-K inhibitors. Using time lapse live cell imaging, conventional and co-immunoprecipitation Western blots, RT-PCR, and inhibitor studies, we report that the Dox-induced TrkAIII activation correlates with proliferation inhibition and is CDK1- and Ca2+-uniporter-independent. It is mediated by ryanodine receptors; involves Ca2+-dependent interactions between TrkAIII, calmodulin and Hsp90; requires oxygen and oxidation; occurs within assembled ERGICs; and does not occur with fully spliced TrkA. The inhibitory effects of lestaurtinib, entrectinib, crizotinib, and LY294002 on the Dox-induced TrkAIII and Akt phosphorylation and resistance confirm roles for TrkAIII and IP3-K consistent with Dox-induced, TrkAIII-mediated pro-survival IP3K/Akt signaling. This mechanism has the potential to select resistant dormant TrkAIII-expressing NB cells, supporting the use of Trk inhibitors during Dox therapy in TrkAIII-expressing NBs.
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14
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Gomez RL, Woods LM, Ramachandran R, Abou Tayoun AN, Philpott A, Ali FR. Super-enhancer associated core regulatory circuits mediate susceptibility to retinoic acid in neuroblastoma cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943924. [PMID: 36147741 PMCID: PMC9485839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumour that accounts for more than 15% of cancer-related deaths in children. High-risk tumours are often difficult to treat, and patients' survival chances are less than 50%. Retinoic acid treatment is part of the maintenance therapy given to neuroblastoma patients; however, not all tumours differentiate in response to retinoic acid. Within neuroblastoma tumors, two phenotypically distinct cell types have been identified based on their super-enhancer landscape and transcriptional core regulatory circuitries: adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES). We hypothesized that the distinct super-enhancers in these different tumour cells mediate differential response to retinoic acid. To this end, three different neuroblastoma cell lines, ADRN (MYCN amplified and non-amplified) and MES cells, were treated with retinoic acid, and changes in the super-enhancer landscape upon treatment and after subsequent removal of retinoic acid was studied. Using ChIP-seq for the active histone mark H3K27ac, paired with RNA-seq, we compared the super-enhancer landscape in cells that undergo neuronal differentiation in response to retinoic acid versus those that fail to differentiate and identified unique super-enhancers associated with neuronal differentiation. Among the ADRN cells that respond to treatment, MYCN-amplified cells remain differentiated upon removal of retinoic acid, whereas MYCN non-amplified cells revert to an undifferentiated state, allowing for the identification of super-enhancers responsible for maintaining differentiation. This study identifies key super-enhancers that are crucial for retinoic acid-mediated differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshna Lawrence Gomez
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laura M. Woods
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Center, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Revathy Ramachandran
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad N. Abou Tayoun
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Al Jalila Genomics Center, Al Jalila Children’s Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anna Philpott
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Center, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad R. Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Zhou Y, Tang X, Huang Z, Wen J, Xiang Q, Liu D. KLF5 promotes KIF1A expression through transcriptional repression of microRNA-338 in the development of pediatric neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:192-201. [PMID: 35033353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) comprises about 8-10% of pediatric cancers, and microRNA (miR)-338 downregulation has been implicated in NB. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. The main goal of this study is to probe the regulatory role of miR-338 and the upstream and downstream biomolecules involved in NB. METHODS The differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by analyzing the NB gene expression microarray GSE121513 from the GEO database, and the differences in expression of the screened miRNAs were verified in clinically collected NB tissues versus dorsal root ganglions. Subsequently, the relationship between the miR-338 expression and NB cell growth was validated in vitro and in vivo, and the upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of miR-338 were further analyzed by bioinformatics. Functional rescue experiments were used to verify their effects on NB cell growth. RESULTS miR-338 expressed poorly in NB tissues, and overexpression of miR-338 significantly inhibited NB cell growth in vitro and in vivo. The prediction results showed that miR-338 could target KIF1A, and miR-338 expression was negatively correlated with the expression of KIF1A. We further found that miR-338 was transcriptionally regulated by the transcription factor KLF5. Overexpression of KLF5 or KIF1A significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of miR-338 mimic on NB cell growth. Finally, miR-338 blocked the Hedgehog signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of KIF1A. CONCLUSION Overexpression of KLF5 reduced expression of miR-338, which in turn increased the expression of KIF1A and activated the Hedgehog signaling pathway, leading to the progression of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No. 86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan 410007, PR China
| | - Xianglian Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No. 86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan 410007, PR China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No. 86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan 410007, PR China
| | - Jiabing Wen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No. 86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan 410007, PR China
| | - Qiangxing Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No. 86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan 410007, PR China
| | - Denghui Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No. 86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan 410007, PR China.
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16
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Yu EY, Cheung NKV, Lue NF. Connecting telomere maintenance and regulation to the developmental origin and differentiation states of neuroblastoma tumor cells. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:117. [PMID: 36030273 PMCID: PMC9420296 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A cardinal feature that distinguishes clinically high-risk neuroblastoma from low-risk tumors is telomere maintenance. Specifically, neuroblastoma tumors with either active telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres exhibit aggressive growth characteristics that lead to poor outcomes, whereas tumors without telomere maintenance can be managed with observation or minimal treatment. Even though the need for cancer cells to maintain telomere DNA-in order to sustain cell proliferation-is well established, recent studies suggest that the neural crest origin of neuroblastoma may enforce unique relationships between telomeres and tumor malignancy. Specifically in neuroblastoma, telomere structure and telomerase activity are correlated with the adrenergic/mesenchymal differentiation states, and manipulating telomerase activity can trigger tumor cell differentiation. Both findings may reflect features of normal neural crest development. This review summarizes recent advances in the characterization of telomere structure and telomere maintenance mechanisms in neuroblastoma and discusses the findings in the context of relevant literature on telomeres during embryonic and neural development. Understanding the canonical and non-canonical roles of telomere maintenance in neuroblastoma could reveal vulnerabilities for telomere-directed therapies with potential applications to other pediatric malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Neal F Lue
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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17
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Liao J, Jiang L, Wang C, Zhao D, He W, Zhou K, Liang Y. FoxM1 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Neuroblastoma Cell through PI3K/AKT Pathway. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:355-370. [PMID: 32901528 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1814915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the effect of FoxM1 on the biological behavior of neuroblastoma (NB) cells in vitro and the association between FoxM1 and PI3K/AKT pathways in NB cell lines. Materials and methods: Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+)-FoxM1 and FoxM1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into IMR-32 cells by liposome transfection. The expression of FoxM1, AKT and PI3K were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The effect of FoxM1 and PI3K/AKT pathways on the cell cycles and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell viability and proliferation ability were assessed by CCK8 and colony formation assay. Results: Knockdown of FoxM1 promoted NB cell apoptosis and G1-phase cell cycle arrest significantly, increased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, and suppressed the phospho-activation of PI3K and AKT. Over-expression of FoxM1 had the opposite effects. Conclusion: FoxM1 knockdown inhibited NB cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through inhibiting activation of PI3K and AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzuo Liao
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenfei He
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Kejun Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yun Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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18
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DuBois SG, Macy ME, Henderson TO. High-Risk and Relapsed Neuroblastoma: Toward More Cures and Better Outcomes. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35522915 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_349783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Approximately half of the patients diagnosed with neuroblastoma are classified as having high-risk disease. This group continues to have inadequate cure rates despite multiagent chemotherapy, surgery, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue, and immunotherapy directed against GD2. We review current efforts to try to improve outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed disease by integrating novel targeted therapies earlier in the course of the disease. We further examine a growing list of options available for patients with relapsed or refractory high-risk disease, with an eye toward graduating successful strategies from a relapsed/refractory setting to the frontline setting. Last, we review efforts to study and potentially mitigate the array of late effects faced by survivors of high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Margaret E Macy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Tara O Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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19
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Zhang L, Wang M, Zhu Z, Chen S, Wu H, Yang Y, Che F, Li Q, Li H. A GD2-aptamer-mediated, self-assembling nanomedicine for targeted multiple treatments in neuroblastoma theranostics. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:732-748. [PMID: 34703655 PMCID: PMC8515170 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because current mainstream anti-glycolipid GD2 therapeutics for neuroblastoma (NB) have limitations, such as severe adverse effects, improved therapeutics are needed. In this study, we developed a GD2 aptamer (DB99) and constructed a GD2-aptamer-mediated multifunctional nanomedicine (ANM) with effective, precise, and biocompatible properties, which functioned both as chemotherapy and as gene therapy for NB. DB99 can bind to GD2+ NB tumor cells but has minimal cross-reactivity to GD2− cells. Furthermore, ANM is formulated by self-assembly of synthetic aptamers DB99 and NB-specific MYCN small interfering RNA (siRNA), followed by self-loading of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox). ANM is capable of specifically recognizing, binding, and internalizing GD2+, but not GD2−, NB tumor cells in vitro. Intracellular delivery of ANM activates Dox release for chemotherapy and MYCN-siRNA-induced MYCN silencing. ANM specifically targets, and selectively accumulates in, the GD2+ tumor site in vivo and further induces growth inhibition of GD2+ tumors in vivo; in addition, ANM generates fewer or no side effects in healthy tissues, resulting in markedly longer survival with fewer adverse effects. These results suggest that the GD2-aptamer-mediated, targeted drug delivery system may have potential applications for precise treatment of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanixi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeen Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengquan Chen
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanixi, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanixi, China
| | - Fengyu Che
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanixi, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of clinical laboratory, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, China
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20
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Ando K, Ohira M, Takada I, Cázares-Ordoñez V, Suenaga Y, Nagase H, Kobayashi S, Koshinaga T, Kamijo T, Makishima M, Wada S. FGFR2 loss sensitizes MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma CHP134 cells to CHK1 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:587-596. [PMID: 34807483 PMCID: PMC8819351 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) plays a key role in genome surveillance and integrity throughout the cell cycle. Selective inhibitors of CHK1 (CHK1i) are undergoing clinical evaluation for various human malignancies, including neuroblastoma. In this study, one CHK1i‐sensitive neuroblastoma cell line, CHP134, was investigated, which characteristically carries MYCN amplification and a chromosome deletion within the 10q region. Among several cancer‐related genes in the chromosome 10q region, mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) was altered in CHP134 cells and associated with an unfavorable prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma. Induced expression of FGFR2 in CHP134 cells reactivated downstream MEK/ERK signaling and resulted in cells resistant to CHK1i‐mediated cell growth inhibition. Consistently, the MEK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib, potentiated CHK1 inhibitor–mediated cell death in these cells. These results suggested that FGFR2 loss might be prone to highly effective CHK1i treatment. In conclusion, extreme cellular dependency of ERK activation may imply a possible application for the MEK1/2 inhibitor, either as a single inhibitor or in combination with CHK1i in MYCN‐amplified neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiro Ando
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokyo, Japan.,Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.,Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Ohira
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Verna Cázares-Ordoñez
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Nagase
- Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kobayashi
- Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Koshinaga
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kamijo
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokyo, Japan.,Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Di Giulio S, Colicchia V, Pastorino F, Pedretti F, Fabretti F, Nicolis di Robilant V, Ramponi V, Scafetta G, Moretti M, Licursi V, Belardinilli F, Peruzzi G, Infante P, Goffredo BM, Coppa A, Canettieri G, Bartolazzi A, Ponzoni M, Giannini G, Petroni M. A combination of PARP and CHK1 inhibitors efficiently antagonizes MYCN-driven tumors. Oncogene 2021; 40:6143-6152. [PMID: 34508175 PMCID: PMC8553625 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
MYCN drives aggressive behavior and refractoriness to chemotherapy, in several tumors. Since MYCN inactivation in clinical settings is not achievable, alternative vulnerabilities of MYCN-driven tumors need to be explored to identify more effective and less toxic therapies. We previously demonstrated that PARP inhibitors enhance MYCN-induced replication stress and promote mitotic catastrophe, counteracted by CHK1. Here, we showed that PARP and CHK1 inhibitors synergized to induce death in neuroblastoma cells and in primary cultures of SHH-dependent medulloblastoma, their combination being more effective in MYCN amplified and MYCN overexpressing cells compared to MYCN non-amplified cells. Although the MYCN amplified IMR-32 cell line carrying the p.Val2716Ala ATM mutation showed the highest sensitivity to the drug combination, this was not related to ATM status, as indicated by CRISPR/Cas9-based correction of the mutation. Suboptimal doses of the CHK1 inhibitor MK-8776 plus the PARP inhibitor olaparib led to a MYCN-dependent accumulation of DNA damage and cell death in vitro and significantly reduced the growth of four in vivo models of MYCN-driven tumors, without major toxicities. Our data highlight the combination of PARP and CHK1 inhibitors as a new potential chemo-free strategy to treat MYCN-driven tumors, which might be promptly translated into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Giulio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Colicchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, 00173, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pastorino
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flaminia Pedretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Fabretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Ramponi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Cellular Plasticity and Disease Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgia Scafetta
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Bartolazzi
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Petroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
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22
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The inhibition of GHR enhanced cytotoxic effects of etoposide on neuroblastoma. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110081. [PMID: 34252534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide, a DNA damage-inducing agent, is widely used to treat neuroblastoma. Etoposide binds to and inhibits topoisomerase II, thereby inducing the DNA damage response. However, the underlying mechanism of etoposide resistance in neuroblastoma remains unclear. The results of the present study revealed that etoposide upregulated growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression levels in etoposide-resistant neuroblastoma cells, suggesting that GHR upregulation may be involved in the underlying mechanism of etoposide resistance. Thus, the combined effect of GHR knockdown and etoposide treatment on cell viability, apoptosis and migration in vitro, as well as tumor growth in mouse xenograft models in vivo, was subsequently analyzed. The results of cell viability and colony formation assays demonstrated that GHR knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effects of etoposide on cell viability and sensitized cells to etoposide. The enhanced cell viability was discovered to be, at least in part, due to the increase in etoposide-induced apoptosis following GHR knockdown. Moreover, the knockdown of GHR enhanced the inhibitory effect of etoposide on cell migration. Mouse xenograft studies confirmed the effects of GHR silencing in etoposide-resistant neuroblastoma progression in vivo. Furthermore, the effects of GHR knockdown in etoposide resistance were hypothesized to occur via the inactivation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study provided novel insight into the underlying mechanism of etoposide resistance and a potential target for the treatment of etoposide-resistant neuroblastoma.
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23
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Ando K, Nakagawara A. Acceleration or Brakes: Which Is Rational for Cell Cycle-Targeting Neuroblastoma Therapy? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050750. [PMID: 34069817 PMCID: PMC8157238 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrestrained proliferation is a common feature of malignant neoplasms. Targeting the cell cycle is a therapeutic strategy to prevent unlimited cell division. Recently developed rationales for these selective inhibitors can be subdivided into two categories with antithetical functionality. One applies a “brake” to the cell cycle to halt cell proliferation, such as with inhibitors of cell cycle kinases. The other “accelerates” the cell cycle to initiate replication/mitotic catastrophe, such as with inhibitors of cell cycle checkpoint kinases. The fate of cell cycle progression or arrest is tightly regulated by the presence of tolerable or excessive DNA damage, respectively. This suggests that there is compatibility between inhibitors of DNA repair kinases, such as PARP inhibitors, and inhibitors of cell cycle checkpoint kinases. In the present review, we explore alterations to the cell cycle that are concomitant with altered DNA damage repair machinery in unfavorable neuroblastomas, with respect to their unique genomic and molecular features. We highlight the vulnerabilities of these alterations that are attributable to the features of each. Based on the assessment, we offer possible therapeutic approaches for personalized medicine, which are seemingly antithetical, but both are promising strategies for targeting the altered cell cycle in unfavorable neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiro Ando
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (A.N.); Tel.: +81-48-722-1111 (K.A.); +81-942-50-8829 (A.N.)
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Saga International Carbon Particle Beam Radiation Cancer Therapy Center, Saga HIMAT Foundation, 3049 Harakoga-Machi, Saga 841-0071, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (A.N.); Tel.: +81-48-722-1111 (K.A.); +81-942-50-8829 (A.N.)
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24
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Ödborn Jönsson L, Sahi M, Lopez-Lorenzo X, Keller FL, Kostopoulou ON, Herold N, Ährlund-Richter L, Shirazi Fard S. Heterogeneities in Cell Cycle Checkpoint Activation Following Doxorubicin Treatment Reveal Targetable Vulnerabilities in TP53 Mutated Ultra High-Risk Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073664. [PMID: 33915913 PMCID: PMC8036447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most chemotherapeutics target DNA integrity and thereby trigger tumour cell death through activation of DNA damage responses that are tightly coupled to the cell cycle. Disturbances in cell cycle regulation can therefore lead to treatment resistance. Here, a comprehensive analysis of cell cycle checkpoint activation following doxorubicin (doxo) treatment was performed using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and live-cell imaging in a panel of TP53 mutated ultra high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines, SK-N-DZ, Kelly, SK-N-AS, SK-N-FI, and BE(2)-C. Following treatment, a dose-dependent accumulation in either S- and/or G2/M-phase was observed. This coincided with a heterogeneous increase of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, i.e., phos-ATM, phos-CHK1, phos-CHK2, Wee1, p21Cip1/Waf1, and p27Kip among the cell lines. Combination treatment with doxo and a small-molecule inhibitor of ATM showed a delay in regrowth in SK-N-DZ, of CHK1 in BE(2)-C, of Wee1 in SK-N-FI and BE(2)-C, and of p21 in Kelly and BE(2)-C. Further investigation revealed, in all tested cell lines, a subset of cells arrested in mitosis, indicating independence on the intra-S- and/or G2/M-checkpoints. Taken together, we mapped distinct cell cycle checkpoints in ultra high-risk NB cell lines and identified checkpoint dependent and independent druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa Ödborn Jönsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.Ö.J.); (M.S.); (X.L.-L.); (F.L.K.); (N.H.); (L.Ä.-R.)
| | - Maryam Sahi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.Ö.J.); (M.S.); (X.L.-L.); (F.L.K.); (N.H.); (L.Ä.-R.)
| | - Ximena Lopez-Lorenzo
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.Ö.J.); (M.S.); (X.L.-L.); (F.L.K.); (N.H.); (L.Ä.-R.)
| | - Faye Leilah Keller
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.Ö.J.); (M.S.); (X.L.-L.); (F.L.K.); (N.H.); (L.Ä.-R.)
| | | | - Nikolas Herold
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.Ö.J.); (M.S.); (X.L.-L.); (F.L.K.); (N.H.); (L.Ä.-R.)
- Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Ährlund-Richter
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.Ö.J.); (M.S.); (X.L.-L.); (F.L.K.); (N.H.); (L.Ä.-R.)
| | - Shahrzad Shirazi Fard
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.Ö.J.); (M.S.); (X.L.-L.); (F.L.K.); (N.H.); (L.Ä.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Integrated Microarray to Identify the Hub miRNAs and Constructed miRNA-mRNA Network in Neuroblastoma Via Bioinformatics Analysis. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:197-212. [PMID: 33104965 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas (NB) are childhood malignant tumors originating in the sympathetic nervous system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential regulatory role in tumorigenesis and development. In this study, NB miRNA and mRNA expression profile data in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs). We used the miRTarBase and miRSystem databases to predict the target genes of the DEMs, and we selected target genes that overlapped with the DEGs as candidate genes for further study. Annotations, visualization, and the DAVID database were used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis on the candidate genes. Additionally, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and miRNA-mRNA regulatory network were constructed and visualized using the STRING database and Cytoscape, and the hub modules were analyzed for function and pathway enrichment using the DAVID database and BiNGO plug-in. 107 DEMs and 1139 DEGs were identified from the miRNA and mRNA chips, respectively. 4390 overlapping target genes were identified using the two databases, and 405 candidate genes which intersected with the DEGs were selected. These candidate genes were enriched in 363 GO terms and 24 KEGG pathways. By constructing a PPI network and a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, three hub miRNAs (hsa-miR-30e-5p, hsa-miR-15a, and hsa-miR-16) were identified. The target genes of the hub miRNAs were significantly enriched in the following pathways: microRNAs in cancer, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, the p53 signaling pathway, and the cell cycle. In summary, our results have identified candidate genes and pathways related to the underlying molecular mechanism of NB. These findings provide a new perspective for NB research and treatment.
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